+void* xmalloc(size_t size)
+{
+ void* ptr = malloc(size);
+ if (ptr == NULL)
+ {
+ fprintf(stderr, "Out of memory!\n");
+ exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+ }
+ return(ptr);
+}
+
+char* xstrdup(const char* s)
+{
+ char* ptr = strdup(s);
+ if (ptr == NULL)
+ {
+ fprintf(stderr, "Out of memory!\n");
+ exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+ }
+ return(ptr);
+}
+
+void packed_to_token(long packed, char token[6])
+{
+ // Unpack and map back to ASCII.
+ for (int i = 0; i < 5; ++i)
+ {
+ char advent = (packed >> i * 6) & 63;
+ token[4 - i] = advent_to_ascii[advent];
+ }
+
+ // Ensure the last character is \0.
+ token[5] = '\0';
+
+ // Replace trailing whitespace with \0.
+ for (int i = 4; i >= 0; --i)
+ {
+ if (token[i] == ' ' || token[i] == '\t')
+ token[i] = '\0';
+ else
+ break;
+ }
+}