Nouns have both a plural affix and 'paucal' affix for referring to a few
of something.
-| Singular | No affix dúu /dʊu̯/ |
-| | |
-| | dog |
-| Plural | If starts with vowel: Prefix k- Else: Prefix kɔ- kodúu /kɔˈdʊu̯/ |
-| | |
-| | dogs |
-| Paucal | Prefix zɐː- záádúu /zɐːˈdʊu̯/ |
-| | |
-| | few dogs |
+| Singular | No affix |
+| | dúu /dʊu̯/ |
+| | dog |
+| | |
+| Plural | If starts with vowel: Prefix k- Else: Prefix kɔ- |
+| | kodúu /kɔˈdʊu̯/ |
+| | dogs |
+| | |
+| Paucal | Prefix zɐː- |
+| | záádúu /zɐːˈdʊu̯/ |
+| | few dogs |
Articles
--------
| | Definite | Indefinite |
| Singular | noík /nɔɪ̯k/ | o /ɔ/ |
-| | | |
| | the | a |
-| Plural | shoon /ʃɔːn/ | aup /au̯p/ |
| | | |
+| Plural | shoon /ʃɔːn/ | aup /au̯p/ |
| | the | some |
Uses of definite article that differ from English:
--------
| 1st singular | kik /kik/ |
-| | |
| | I, me, mine |
-| 2nd singular | múum /mʊu̯m/ |
| | |
+| 2nd singular | múum /mʊu̯m/ |
| | you, yours |
-| 3rd singular masc | kie /kaɪ̯/ |
| | |
+| 3rd singular masc | kie /kaɪ̯/ |
| | he, him, his, it, its |
-| 3rd singular fem | nak /nak/ |
| | |
+| 3rd singular fem | nak /nak/ |
| | she, her, hers, it, its |
-| 1st plural inclusive | túúzh /tʊːʒ/ |
| | |
+| 1st plural inclusive | túúzh /tʊːʒ/ |
| | we (including you), us (including you), ours (including you) |
-| 1st plural exclusive | nái /nɐi̯/ |
| | |
+| 1st plural exclusive | nái /nɐi̯/ |
| | we (excluding you), us (excluding you), ours (excluding you) |
-| 2nd plural | teú /tɛʊ̯/ |
| | |
+| 2nd plural | teú /tɛʊ̯/ |
| | you all, yours (pl) |
-| 3rd plural | záim /zɐi̯m/ |
| | |
+| 3rd plural | záim /zɐi̯m/ |
| | they, them, theirs |
Possessive determiners
----------------------
| 1st singular | kik /kik/ |
-| | |
| | my |
-| 2nd singular | múum /mʊu̯m/ |
| | |
+| 2nd singular | múum /mʊu̯m/ |
| | your |
-| 3rd singular masc | kie /kaɪ̯/ |
| | |
+| 3rd singular masc | kie /kaɪ̯/ |
| | his |
-| 3rd singular fem | nak /nak/ |
| | |
+| 3rd singular fem | nak /nak/ |
| | her |
-| 1st plural inclusive | túúzh /tʊːʒ/ |
| | |
+| 1st plural inclusive | túúzh /tʊːʒ/ |
| | our (including you) |
-| 1st plural exclusive | nái /nɐi̯/ |
| | |
+| 1st plural exclusive | nái /nɐi̯/ |
| | our (excluding you) |
-| 2nd plural | teú /tɛʊ̯/ |
| | |
+| 2nd plural | teú /tɛʊ̯/ |
| | your (pl) |
-| 3rd plural | záim /zɐi̯m/ |
| | |
+| 3rd plural | záim /zɐi̯m/ |
| | their |
Verbs
-----
-| | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person |
-| Present | If starts with vowel: Prefix f- Else: Prefix fʊu̯- fúubás /fʊu̯ˈbɐs/ | If starts with vowel: Prefix n- Else: Prefix nɐi̯- náibás /nɐi̯ˈbɐs/ | Prefix ʊɪ̯- úíbás /ʊɪ̯ˈbɐs/ |
-| | | | |
-| | (I/we) learn | (you/you all) learn | ( he/she/it/they) learn |
-| Past | Prefix iː- iibás /iːˈbɐs/ | If starts with vowel: Prefix k- Else: Prefix kɔ- kobás /kɔˈbɐs/ | If starts with vowel: Prefix z- Else: Prefix zʊɪ̯- zúíbás /zʊɪ̯ˈbɐs/ |
-| | | | |
-| | (I/we) learned | (you/you all) learned | ( he/she/it/they) learned |
-| Remote past | Prefix mɔ- mobás /mɔˈbɐs/ | Prefix ʃɔ- shobás /ʃɔˈbɐs/ | Prefix ʊ- úbás /ʊˈbɐs/ |
-| | | | |
-| | (I/we) learned (long ago) | (you/you all) learned (long ago) | ( he/she/it/they) learned (long ago) |
-| Future | Prefix ti- tibás /tiˈbɐs/ | If starts with vowel: Prefix m- Else: Prefix mɪ- míbás /mɪˈbɐs/ | If starts with vowel: Prefix b- Else: Prefix bʊ- búbás /bʊˈbɐs/ |
-| | | | |
-| | (I/we) will learn | (you/you all) will learn | ( he/she/it/they) will learn |
+| | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person |
+| | | | |
+| Present | If starts with vowel: Prefix f- Else: Prefix fʊu̯- | If starts with vowel: Prefix n- Else: Prefix nɐi̯- | Prefix ʊɪ̯- |
+| | fúubás /fʊu̯ˈbɐs/ | náibás /nɐi̯ˈbɐs/ | úíbás /ʊɪ̯ˈbɐs/ |
+| | (I/we) learn | (you/you all) learn | (he/she/it/they) learn |
+| | | | |
+| Past | Prefix iː- | If starts with vowel: Prefix k- Else: Prefix kɔ- | If starts with vowel: Prefix z- Else: Prefix zʊɪ̯- |
+| | iibás /iːˈbɐs/ | kobás /kɔˈbɐs/ | zúíbás /zʊɪ̯ˈbɐs/ |
+| | (I/we) learned | (you/you all) learned | (he/she/it/they) learned |
+| | | | |
+| Remove past | Prefix mɔ- | Prefix ʃɔ- | Prefix ʊ- |
+| | mobás /mɔˈbɐs/ | shobás /ʃɔˈbɐs/ | úbás /ʊˈbɐs/ |
+| | (I/we) learned (long ago) | (you/you all) learned (long ago) | (he/she/it/they) learned (long ago) |
+| | | | |
+| Future | Prefix ti- | If starts with vowel: Prefix m- Else: Prefix mɪ- | If starts with vowel: Prefix b- Else: Prefix bʊ- |
+| | tibás /tiˈbɐs/ | míbás /mɪˈbɐs/ | búbás /bʊˈbɐs/ |
+| | (I/we) will learn | (you/you all) will learn | (he/she/it/they) will learn |
Imperfective aspect
Mievian uses a standalone particle word for imperfective:
-| Imperfective | Particle before the verb: fip - fip bás /fip bɐs/ |
-| | |
-| | learns/is learning |
+| Imperfective | Particle before the verb: fip - |
+| | fip bás /fip bɐs/ |
+| | learns/is learning |
Perfect aspect
Mievian uses an affix for the perfect aspect:
-| Perfect | Reduplicate last part of last syllable básás /bɐˈsɐs/ |
-| | |
-| | have learned |
+| Perfect | Reduplicate last part of last syllable |
+| | básás /bɐˈsɐs/ |
+| | have learned |
Numbers
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