6 perf-probe - Define new dynamic tracepoints
11 'perf probe' [options] --add='PROBE' [...]
13 'perf probe' [options] PROBE
15 'perf probe' [options] --del='[GROUP:]EVENT' [...]
17 'perf probe' --list[=[GROUP:]EVENT]
19 'perf probe' [options] --line='LINE'
21 'perf probe' [options] --vars='PROBEPOINT'
23 'perf probe' [options] --funcs
25 'perf probe' [options] --definition='PROBE' [...]
29 This command defines dynamic tracepoint events, by symbol and registers
30 without debuginfo, or by C expressions (C line numbers, C function names,
31 and C local variables) with debuginfo.
38 Specify vmlinux path which has debuginfo (Dwarf binary).
39 Only when using this with --definition, you can give an offline
43 --module=MODNAME|PATH::
44 Specify module name in which perf-probe searches probe points
45 or lines. If a path of module file is passed, perf-probe
46 treat it as an offline module (this means you can add a probe on
47 a module which has not been loaded yet).
51 Specify path to kernel source.
55 Be more verbose (show parsed arguments, etc).
60 Be quiet (do not show any messages including errors).
65 Define a probe event (see PROBE SYNTAX for detail).
69 Delete probe events. This accepts glob wildcards('*', '?') and character
70 classes(e.g. [a-z], [!A-Z]).
73 --list[=[GROUP:]EVENT]::
74 List up current probe events. This can also accept filtering patterns of
76 When this is used with --cache, perf shows all cached probes instead of
81 Show source code lines which can be probed. This needs an argument
82 which specifies a range of the source code. (see LINE SYNTAX for detail)
86 Show available local variables at given probe point. The argument
87 syntax is same as PROBE SYNTAX, but NO ARGs.
90 (Only for --vars) Show external defined variables in addition to local
94 (Only for --add) Search only for non-inlined functions. The functions
95 which do not have instances are ignored.
99 Show available functions in given module or kernel. With -x/--exec,
100 can also list functions in a user space executable / shared library.
101 This also can accept a FILTER rule argument.
105 Show trace-event definition converted from given probe-event instead
106 of write it into tracing/[k,u]probe_events.
109 (Only for --vars and --funcs) Set filter. FILTER is a combination of glob
110 pattern, see FILTER PATTERN for detail.
111 Default FILTER is "!__k???tab_* & !__crc_*" for --vars, and "!_*"
113 If several filters are specified, only the last filter is used.
117 Forcibly add events with existing name.
121 Dry run. With this option, --add and --del doesn't execute actual
122 adding and removal operations.
125 (With --add) Cache the probes. Any events which successfully added
126 are also stored in the cache file.
127 (With --list) Show cached probes.
128 (With --del) Remove cached probes.
131 Set the maximum number of probe points for an event. Default is 128.
134 Obtain mount namespace information from the target pid. This is
135 used when creating a uprobe for a process that resides in a
136 different mount namespace from the perf(1) utility.
140 Specify path to the executable or shared library file for user
141 space tracing. Can also be used with --funcs option.
144 Demangle application symbols. --no-demangle is also available
145 for disabling demangling.
148 Demangle kernel symbols. --no-demangle-kernel is also available
149 for disabling kernel demangling.
151 In absence of -m/-x options, perf probe checks if the first argument after
152 the options is an absolute path name. If its an absolute path, perf probe
153 uses it as a target module/target user space binary to probe.
157 Probe points are defined by following syntax.
159 1) Define event based on function name
160 [[GROUP:]EVENT=]FUNC[@SRC][:RLN|+OFFS|%return|;PTN] [ARG ...]
162 2) Define event based on source file with line number
163 [[GROUP:]EVENT=]SRC:ALN [ARG ...]
165 3) Define event based on source file with lazy pattern
166 [[GROUP:]EVENT=]SRC;PTN [ARG ...]
168 4) Pre-defined SDT events or cached event with name
169 %[sdt_PROVIDER:]SDTEVENT
171 sdt_PROVIDER:SDTEVENT
173 'EVENT' specifies the name of new event, if omitted, it will be set the name of the probed function, and for return probes, a "\_\_return" suffix is automatically added to the function name. You can also specify a group name by 'GROUP', if omitted, set 'probe' is used for kprobe and 'probe_<bin>' is used for uprobe.
174 Note that using existing group name can conflict with other events. Especially, using the group name reserved for kernel modules can hide embedded events in the
176 'FUNC' specifies a probed function name, and it may have one of the following options; '+OFFS' is the offset from function entry address in bytes, ':RLN' is the relative-line number from function entry line, and '%return' means that it probes function return. And ';PTN' means lazy matching pattern (see LAZY MATCHING). Note that ';PTN' must be the end of the probe point definition. In addition, '@SRC' specifies a source file which has that function.
177 It is also possible to specify a probe point by the source line number or lazy matching by using 'SRC:ALN' or 'SRC;PTN' syntax, where 'SRC' is the source file path, ':ALN' is the line number and ';PTN' is the lazy matching pattern.
178 'ARG' specifies the arguments of this probe point, (see PROBE ARGUMENT).
179 'SDTEVENT' and 'PROVIDER' is the pre-defined event name which is defined by user SDT (Statically Defined Tracing) or the pre-cached probes with event name.
180 Note that before using the SDT event, the target binary (on which SDT events are defined) must be scanned by linkperf:perf-buildid-cache[1] to make SDT events as cached events.
182 For details of the SDT, see below.
183 https://sourceware.org/gdb/onlinedocs/gdb/Static-Probe-Points.html
188 In the probe syntax, '=', '@', '+', ':' and ';' are treated as a special character. You can use a backslash ('\') to escape the special characters.
189 This is useful if you need to probe on a specific versioned symbols, like @GLIBC_... suffixes, or also you need to specify a source file which includes the special characters.
190 Note that usually single backslash is consumed by shell, so you might need to pass double backslash (\\) or wrapping with single quotes (\'AAA\@BBB').
191 See EXAMPLES how it is used.
195 Each probe argument follows below syntax.
197 [NAME=]LOCALVAR|$retval|%REG|@SYMBOL[:TYPE]
199 'NAME' specifies the name of this argument (optional). You can use the name of local variable, local data structure member (e.g. var->field, var.field2), local array with fixed index (e.g. array[1], var->array[0], var->pointer[2]), or kprobe-tracer argument format (e.g. $retval, %ax, etc). Note that the name of this argument will be set as the last member name if you specify a local data structure member (e.g. field2 for 'var->field1.field2'.)
200 '$vars' and '$params' special arguments are also available for NAME, '$vars' is expanded to the local variables (including function parameters) which can access at given probe point. '$params' is expanded to only the function parameters.
201 'TYPE' casts the type of this argument (optional). If omitted, perf probe automatically set the type based on debuginfo (*). Currently, basic types (u8/u16/u32/u64/s8/s16/s32/s64), hexadecimal integers (x/x8/x16/x32/x64), signedness casting (u/s), "string" and bitfield are supported. (see TYPES for detail)
202 On x86 systems %REG is always the short form of the register: for example %AX. %RAX or %EAX is not valid.
206 Basic types (u8/u16/u32/u64/s8/s16/s32/s64) and hexadecimal integers (x8/x16/x32/x64) are integer types. Prefix 's' and 'u' means those types are signed and unsigned respectively, and 'x' means that is shown in hexadecimal format. Traced arguments are shown in decimal (sNN/uNN) or hex (xNN). You can also use 's' or 'u' to specify only signedness and leave its size auto-detected by perf probe. Moreover, you can use 'x' to explicitly specify to be shown in hexadecimal (the size is also auto-detected).
207 String type is a special type, which fetches a "null-terminated" string from kernel space. This means it will fail and store NULL if the string container has been paged out. You can specify 'string' type only for the local variable or structure member which is an array of or a pointer to 'char' or 'unsigned char' type.
208 Bitfield is another special type, which takes 3 parameters, bit-width, bit-offset, and container-size (usually 32). The syntax is;
210 b<bit-width>@<bit-offset>/<container-size>
214 Line range is described by following syntax.
216 "FUNC[@SRC][:RLN[+NUM|-RLN2]]|SRC[:ALN[+NUM|-ALN2]]"
218 FUNC specifies the function name of showing lines. 'RLN' is the start line
219 number from function entry line, and 'RLN2' is the end line number. As same as
220 probe syntax, 'SRC' means the source file path, 'ALN' is start line number,
221 and 'ALN2' is end line number in the file. It is also possible to specify how
222 many lines to show by using 'NUM'. Moreover, 'FUNC@SRC' combination is good
223 for searching a specific function when several functions share same name.
224 So, "source.c:100-120" shows lines between 100th to l20th in source.c file. And "func:10+20" shows 20 lines from 10th line of func function.
228 The lazy line matching is similar to glob matching but ignoring spaces in both of pattern and target. So this accepts wildcards('*', '?') and character classes(e.g. [a-z], [!A-Z]).
231 'a=*' can matches 'a=b', 'a = b', 'a == b' and so on.
233 This provides some sort of flexibility and robustness to probe point definitions against minor code changes. For example, actual 10th line of schedule() can be moved easily by modifying schedule(), but the same line matching 'rq=cpu_rq*' may still exist in the function.)
237 The filter pattern is a glob matching pattern(s) to filter variables.
238 In addition, you can use "!" for specifying filter-out rule. You also can give several rules combined with "&" or "|", and fold those rules as one rule by using "(" ")".
241 With --filter "foo* | bar*", perf probe -V shows variables which start with "foo" or "bar".
242 With --filter "!foo* & *bar", perf probe -V shows variables which don't start with "foo" and end with "bar", like "fizzbar". But "foobar" is filtered out.
246 Display which lines in schedule() can be probed:
248 ./perf probe --line schedule
250 Add a probe on schedule() function 12th line with recording cpu local variable:
252 ./perf probe schedule:12 cpu
254 ./perf probe --add='schedule:12 cpu'
256 Add one or more probes which has the name start with "schedule".
258 ./perf probe schedule*
260 ./perf probe --add='schedule*'
262 Add probes on lines in schedule() function which calls update_rq_clock().
264 ./perf probe 'schedule;update_rq_clock*'
266 ./perf probe --add='schedule;update_rq_clock*'
268 Delete all probes on schedule().
270 ./perf probe --del='schedule*'
272 Add probes at zfree() function on /bin/zsh
274 ./perf probe -x /bin/zsh zfree or ./perf probe /bin/zsh zfree
276 Add probes at malloc() function on libc
278 ./perf probe -x /lib/libc.so.6 malloc or ./perf probe /lib/libc.so.6 malloc
280 Add a uprobe to a target process running in a different mount namespace
282 ./perf probe --target-ns <target pid> -x /lib64/libc.so.6 malloc
284 Add a USDT probe to a target process running in a different mount namespace
286 ./perf probe --target-ns <target pid> -x /usr/lib/jvm/java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.121-0.b13.el7_3.x86_64/jre/lib/amd64/server/libjvm.so %sdt_hotspot:thread__sleep__end
288 Add a probe on specific versioned symbol by backslash escape
290 ./perf probe -x /lib64/libc-2.25.so 'malloc_get_state\@GLIBC_2.2.5'
292 Add a probe in a source file using special characters by backslash escape
294 ./perf probe -x /opt/test/a.out 'foo\+bar.c:4'
299 linkperf:perf-trace[1], linkperf:perf-record[1], linkperf:perf-buildid-cache[1]