GNU Linux-libre 6.1.90-gnu

[releases.git] / tools / include / uapi / linux / bpf.h

/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note */
/* Copyright (c) 2011-2014 PLUMgrid, http://plumgrid.com
 *
 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
 * modify it under the terms of version 2 of the GNU General Public
 * License as published by the Free Software Foundation.
 */
#ifndef _UAPI__LINUX_BPF_H__
#define _UAPI__LINUX_BPF_H__

#include <linux/types.h>
#include <linux/bpf_common.h>

/* Extended instruction set based on top of classic BPF */

/* instruction classes */
#define BPF_JMP32       0x06    /* jmp mode in word width */
#define BPF_ALU64       0x07    /* alu mode in double word width */

/* ld/ldx fields */
#define BPF_DW          0x18    /* double word (64-bit) */
#define BPF_ATOMIC      0xc0    /* atomic memory ops - op type in immediate */
#define BPF_XADD        0xc0    /* exclusive add - legacy name */

/* alu/jmp fields */
#define BPF_MOV         0xb0    /* mov reg to reg */
#define BPF_ARSH        0xc0    /* sign extending arithmetic shift right */

/* change endianness of a register */
#define BPF_END         0xd0    /* flags for endianness conversion: */
#define BPF_TO_LE       0x00    /* convert to little-endian */
#define BPF_TO_BE       0x08    /* convert to big-endian */
#define BPF_FROM_LE     BPF_TO_LE
#define BPF_FROM_BE     BPF_TO_BE

/* jmp encodings */
#define BPF_JNE         0x50    /* jump != */
#define BPF_JLT         0xa0    /* LT is unsigned, '<' */
#define BPF_JLE         0xb0    /* LE is unsigned, '<=' */
#define BPF_JSGT        0x60    /* SGT is signed '>', GT in x86 */
#define BPF_JSGE        0x70    /* SGE is signed '>=', GE in x86 */
#define BPF_JSLT        0xc0    /* SLT is signed, '<' */
#define BPF_JSLE        0xd0    /* SLE is signed, '<=' */
#define BPF_CALL        0x80    /* function call */
#define BPF_EXIT        0x90    /* function return */

/* atomic op type fields (stored in immediate) */
#define BPF_FETCH       0x01    /* not an opcode on its own, used to build others */
#define BPF_XCHG        (0xe0 | BPF_FETCH)      /* atomic exchange */
#define BPF_CMPXCHG     (0xf0 | BPF_FETCH)      /* atomic compare-and-write */

/* Register numbers */
enum {
        BPF_REG_0 = 0,
        BPF_REG_1,
        BPF_REG_2,
        BPF_REG_3,
        BPF_REG_4,
        BPF_REG_5,
        BPF_REG_6,
        BPF_REG_7,
        BPF_REG_8,
        BPF_REG_9,
        BPF_REG_10,
        __MAX_BPF_REG,
};

/* BPF has 10 general purpose 64-bit registers and stack frame. */
#define MAX_BPF_REG     __MAX_BPF_REG

struct bpf_insn {
        __u8    code;           /* opcode */
        __u8    dst_reg:4;      /* dest register */
        __u8    src_reg:4;      /* source register */
        __s16   off;            /* signed offset */
        __s32   imm;            /* signed immediate constant */
};

/* Key of an a BPF_MAP_TYPE_LPM_TRIE entry */
struct bpf_lpm_trie_key {
        __u32   prefixlen;      /* up to 32 for AF_INET, 128 for AF_INET6 */
        __u8    data[0];        /* Arbitrary size */
};

struct bpf_cgroup_storage_key {
        __u64   cgroup_inode_id;        /* cgroup inode id */
        __u32   attach_type;            /* program attach type (enum bpf_attach_type) */
};

enum bpf_cgroup_iter_order {
        BPF_CGROUP_ITER_ORDER_UNSPEC = 0,
        BPF_CGROUP_ITER_SELF_ONLY,              /* process only a single object. */
        BPF_CGROUP_ITER_DESCENDANTS_PRE,        /* walk descendants in pre-order. */
        BPF_CGROUP_ITER_DESCENDANTS_POST,       /* walk descendants in post-order. */
        BPF_CGROUP_ITER_ANCESTORS_UP,           /* walk ancestors upward. */
};

union bpf_iter_link_info {
        struct {
                __u32   map_fd;
        } map;
        struct {
                enum bpf_cgroup_iter_order order;

                /* At most one of cgroup_fd and cgroup_id can be non-zero. If
                 * both are zero, the walk starts from the default cgroup v2
                 * root. For walking v1 hierarchy, one should always explicitly
                 * specify cgroup_fd.
                 */
                __u32   cgroup_fd;
                __u64   cgroup_id;
        } cgroup;
        /* Parameters of task iterators. */
        struct {
                __u32   tid;
                __u32   pid;
                __u32   pid_fd;
        } task;
};

/* BPF syscall commands, see bpf(2) man-page for more details. */
/**
 * DOC: eBPF Syscall Preamble
 *
 * The operation to be performed by the **bpf**\ () system call is determined
 * by the *cmd* argument. Each operation takes an accompanying argument,
 * provided via *attr*, which is a pointer to a union of type *bpf_attr* (see
 * below). The size argument is the size of the union pointed to by *attr*.
 */
/**
 * DOC: eBPF Syscall Commands
 *
 * BPF_MAP_CREATE
 *      Description
 *              Create a map and return a file descriptor that refers to the
 *              map. The close-on-exec file descriptor flag (see **fcntl**\ (2))
 *              is automatically enabled for the new file descriptor.
 *
 *              Applying **close**\ (2) to the file descriptor returned by
 *              **BPF_MAP_CREATE** will delete the map (but see NOTES).
 *
 *      Return
 *              A new file descriptor (a nonnegative integer), or -1 if an
 *              error occurred (in which case, *errno* is set appropriately).
 *
 * BPF_MAP_LOOKUP_ELEM
 *      Description
 *              Look up an element with a given *key* in the map referred to
 *              by the file descriptor *map_fd*.
 *
 *              The *flags* argument may be specified as one of the
 *              following:
 *
 *              **BPF_F_LOCK**
 *                      Look up the value of a spin-locked map without
 *                      returning the lock. This must be specified if the
 *                      elements contain a spinlock.
 *
 *      Return
 *              Returns zero on success. On error, -1 is returned and *errno*
 *              is set appropriately.
 *
 * BPF_MAP_UPDATE_ELEM
 *      Description
 *              Create or update an element (key/value pair) in a specified map.
 *
 *              The *flags* argument should be specified as one of the
 *              following:
 *
 *              **BPF_ANY**
 *                      Create a new element or update an existing element.
 *              **BPF_NOEXIST**
 *                      Create a new element only if it did not exist.
 *              **BPF_EXIST**
 *                      Update an existing element.
 *              **BPF_F_LOCK**
 *                      Update a spin_lock-ed map element.
 *
 *      Return
 *              Returns zero on success. On error, -1 is returned and *errno*
 *              is set appropriately.
 *
 *              May set *errno* to **EINVAL**, **EPERM**, **ENOMEM**,
 *              **E2BIG**, **EEXIST**, or **ENOENT**.
 *
 *              **E2BIG**
 *                      The number of elements in the map reached the
 *                      *max_entries* limit specified at map creation time.
 *              **EEXIST**
 *                      If *flags* specifies **BPF_NOEXIST** and the element
 *                      with *key* already exists in the map.
 *              **ENOENT**
 *                      If *flags* specifies **BPF_EXIST** and the element with
 *                      *key* does not exist in the map.
 *
 * BPF_MAP_DELETE_ELEM
 *      Description
 *              Look up and delete an element by key in a specified map.
 *
 *      Return
 *              Returns zero on success. On error, -1 is returned and *errno*
 *              is set appropriately.
 *
 * BPF_MAP_GET_NEXT_KEY
 *      Description
 *              Look up an element by key in a specified map and return the key
 *              of the next element. Can be used to iterate over all elements
 *              in the map.
 *
 *      Return
 *              Returns zero on success. On error, -1 is returned and *errno*
 *              is set appropriately.
 *
 *              The following cases can be used to iterate over all elements of
 *              the map:
 *
 *              * If *key* is not found, the operation returns zero and sets
 *                the *next_key* pointer to the key of the first element.
 *              * If *key* is found, the operation returns zero and sets the
 *                *next_key* pointer to the key of the next element.
 *              * If *key* is the last element, returns -1 and *errno* is set
 *                to **ENOENT**.
 *
 *              May set *errno* to **ENOMEM**, **EFAULT**, **EPERM**, or
 *              **EINVAL** on error.
 *
 * BPF_PROG_LOAD
 *      Description
 *              Verify and load an eBPF program, returning a new file
 *              descriptor associated with the program.
 *
 *              Applying **close**\ (2) to the file descriptor returned by
 *              **BPF_PROG_LOAD** will unload the eBPF program (but see NOTES).
 *
 *              The close-on-exec file descriptor flag (see **fcntl**\ (2)) is
 *              automatically enabled for the new file descriptor.
 *
 *      Return
 *              A new file descriptor (a nonnegative integer), or -1 if an
 *              error occurred (in which case, *errno* is set appropriately).
 *
 * BPF_OBJ_PIN
 *      Description
 *              Pin an eBPF program or map referred by the specified *bpf_fd*
 *              to the provided *pathname* on the filesystem.
 *
 *              The *pathname* argument must not contain a dot (".").
 *
 *              On success, *pathname* retains a reference to the eBPF object,
 *              preventing deallocation of the object when the original
 *              *bpf_fd* is closed. This allow the eBPF object to live beyond
 *              **close**\ (\ *bpf_fd*\ ), and hence the lifetime of the parent
 *              process.
 *
 *              Applying **unlink**\ (2) or similar calls to the *pathname*
 *              unpins the object from the filesystem, removing the reference.
 *              If no other file descriptors or filesystem nodes refer to the
 *              same object, it will be deallocated (see NOTES).
 *
 *              The filesystem type for the parent directory of *pathname* must
 *              be **BPF_FS_MAGIC**.
 *
 *      Return
 *              Returns zero on success. On error, -1 is returned and *errno*
 *              is set appropriately.
 *
 * BPF_OBJ_GET
 *      Description
 *              Open a file descriptor for the eBPF object pinned to the
 *              specified *pathname*.
 *
 *      Return
 *              A new file descriptor (a nonnegative integer), or -1 if an
 *              error occurred (in which case, *errno* is set appropriately).
 *
 * BPF_PROG_ATTACH
 *      Description
 *              Attach an eBPF program to a *target_fd* at the specified
 *              *attach_type* hook.
 *
 *              The *attach_type* specifies the eBPF attachment point to
 *              attach the program to, and must be one of *bpf_attach_type*
 *              (see below).
 *
 *              The *attach_bpf_fd* must be a valid file descriptor for a
 *              loaded eBPF program of a cgroup, flow dissector, LIRC, sockmap
 *              or sock_ops type corresponding to the specified *attach_type*.
 *
 *              The *target_fd* must be a valid file descriptor for a kernel
 *              object which depends on the attach type of *attach_bpf_fd*:
 *
 *              **BPF_PROG_TYPE_CGROUP_DEVICE**,
 *              **BPF_PROG_TYPE_CGROUP_SKB**,
 *              **BPF_PROG_TYPE_CGROUP_SOCK**,
 *              **BPF_PROG_TYPE_CGROUP_SOCK_ADDR**,
 *              **BPF_PROG_TYPE_CGROUP_SOCKOPT**,
 *              **BPF_PROG_TYPE_CGROUP_SYSCTL**,
 *              **BPF_PROG_TYPE_SOCK_OPS**
 *
 *                      Control Group v2 hierarchy with the eBPF controller
 *                      enabled. Requires the kernel to be compiled with
 *                      **CONFIG_CGROUP_BPF**.
 *
 *              **BPF_PROG_TYPE_FLOW_DISSECTOR**
 *
 *                      Network namespace (eg /proc/self/ns/net).
 *
 *              **BPF_PROG_TYPE_LIRC_MODE2**
 *
 *                      LIRC device path (eg /dev/lircN). Requires the kernel
 *                      to be compiled with **CONFIG_BPF_LIRC_MODE2**.
 *
 *              **BPF_PROG_TYPE_SK_SKB**,
 *              **BPF_PROG_TYPE_SK_MSG**
 *
 *                      eBPF map of socket type (eg **BPF_MAP_TYPE_SOCKHASH**).
 *
 *      Return
 *              Returns zero on success. On error, -1 is returned and *errno*
 *              is set appropriately.
 *
 * BPF_PROG_DETACH
 *      Description
 *              Detach the eBPF program associated with the *target_fd* at the
 *              hook specified by *attach_type*. The program must have been
 *              previously attached using **BPF_PROG_ATTACH**.
 *
 *      Return
 *              Returns zero on success. On error, -1 is returned and *errno*
 *              is set appropriately.
 *
 * BPF_PROG_TEST_RUN
 *      Description
 *              Run the eBPF program associated with the *prog_fd* a *repeat*
 *              number of times against a provided program context *ctx_in* and
 *              data *data_in*, and return the modified program context
 *              *ctx_out*, *data_out* (for example, packet data), result of the
 *              execution *retval*, and *duration* of the test run.
 *
 *              The sizes of the buffers provided as input and output
 *              parameters *ctx_in*, *ctx_out*, *data_in*, and *data_out* must
 *              be provided in the corresponding variables *ctx_size_in*,
 *              *ctx_size_out*, *data_size_in*, and/or *data_size_out*. If any
 *              of these parameters are not provided (ie set to NULL), the
 *              corresponding size field must be zero.
 *
 *              Some program types have particular requirements:
 *
 *              **BPF_PROG_TYPE_SK_LOOKUP**
 *                      *data_in* and *data_out* must be NULL.
 *
 *              **BPF_PROG_TYPE_RAW_TRACEPOINT**,
 *              **BPF_PROG_TYPE_RAW_TRACEPOINT_WRITABLE**
 *
 *                      *ctx_out*, *data_in* and *data_out* must be NULL.
 *                      *repeat* must be zero.
 *
 *              BPF_PROG_RUN is an alias for BPF_PROG_TEST_RUN.
 *
 *      Return
 *              Returns zero on success. On error, -1 is returned and *errno*
 *              is set appropriately.
 *
 *              **ENOSPC**
 *                      Either *data_size_out* or *ctx_size_out* is too small.
 *              **ENOTSUPP**
 *                      This command is not supported by the program type of
 *                      the program referred to by *prog_fd*.
 *
 * BPF_PROG_GET_NEXT_ID
 *      Description
 *              Fetch the next eBPF program currently loaded into the kernel.
 *
 *              Looks for the eBPF program with an id greater than *start_id*
 *              and updates *next_id* on success. If no other eBPF programs
 *              remain with ids higher than *start_id*, returns -1 and sets
 *              *errno* to **ENOENT**.
 *
 *      Return
 *              Returns zero on success. On error, or when no id remains, -1
 *              is returned and *errno* is set appropriately.
 *
 * BPF_MAP_GET_NEXT_ID
 *      Description
 *              Fetch the next eBPF map currently loaded into the kernel.
 *
 *              Looks for the eBPF map with an id greater than *start_id*
 *              and updates *next_id* on success. If no other eBPF maps
 *              remain with ids higher than *start_id*, returns -1 and sets
 *              *errno* to **ENOENT**.
 *
 *      Return
 *              Returns zero on success. On error, or when no id remains, -1
 *              is returned and *errno* is set appropriately.
 *
 * BPF_PROG_GET_FD_BY_ID
 *      Description
 *              Open a file descriptor for the eBPF program corresponding to
 *              *prog_id*.
 *
 *      Return
 *              A new file descriptor (a nonnegative integer), or -1 if an
 *              error occurred (in which case, *errno* is set appropriately).
 *
 * BPF_MAP_GET_FD_BY_ID
 *      Description
 *              Open a file descriptor for the eBPF map corresponding to
 *              *map_id*.
 *
 *      Return
 *              A new file descriptor (a nonnegative integer), or -1 if an
 *              error occurred (in which case, *errno* is set appropriately).
 *
 * BPF_OBJ_GET_INFO_BY_FD
 *      Description
 *              Obtain information about the eBPF object corresponding to
 *              *bpf_fd*.
 *
 *              Populates up to *info_len* bytes of *info*, which will be in
 *              one of the following formats depending on the eBPF object type
 *              of *bpf_fd*:
 *
 *              * **struct bpf_prog_info**
 *              * **struct bpf_map_info**
 *              * **struct bpf_btf_info**
 *              * **struct bpf_link_info**
 *
 *      Return
 *              Returns zero on success. On error, -1 is returned and *errno*
 *              is set appropriately.
 *
 * BPF_PROG_QUERY
 *      Description
 *              Obtain information about eBPF programs associated with the
 *              specified *attach_type* hook.
 *
 *              The *target_fd* must be a valid file descriptor for a kernel
 *              object which depends on the attach type of *attach_bpf_fd*:
 *
 *              **BPF_PROG_TYPE_CGROUP_DEVICE**,
 *              **BPF_PROG_TYPE_CGROUP_SKB**,
 *              **BPF_PROG_TYPE_CGROUP_SOCK**,
 *              **BPF_PROG_TYPE_CGROUP_SOCK_ADDR**,
 *              **BPF_PROG_TYPE_CGROUP_SOCKOPT**,
 *              **BPF_PROG_TYPE_CGROUP_SYSCTL**,
 *              **BPF_PROG_TYPE_SOCK_OPS**
 *
 *                      Control Group v2 hierarchy with the eBPF controller
 *                      enabled. Requires the kernel to be compiled with
 *                      **CONFIG_CGROUP_BPF**.
 *
 *              **BPF_PROG_TYPE_FLOW_DISSECTOR**
 *
 *                      Network namespace (eg /proc/self/ns/net).
 *
 *              **BPF_PROG_TYPE_LIRC_MODE2**
 *
 *                      LIRC device path (eg /dev/lircN). Requires the kernel
 *                      to be compiled with **CONFIG_BPF_LIRC_MODE2**.
 *
 *              **BPF_PROG_QUERY** always fetches the number of programs
 *              attached and the *attach_flags* which were used to attach those
 *              programs. Additionally, if *prog_ids* is nonzero and the number
 *              of attached programs is less than *prog_cnt*, populates
 *              *prog_ids* with the eBPF program ids of the programs attached
 *              at *target_fd*.
 *
 *              The following flags may alter the result:
 *
 *              **BPF_F_QUERY_EFFECTIVE**
 *                      Only return information regarding programs which are
 *                      currently effective at the specified *target_fd*.
 *
 *      Return
 *              Returns zero on success. On error, -1 is returned and *errno*
 *              is set appropriately.
 *
 * BPF_RAW_TRACEPOINT_OPEN
 *      Description
 *              Attach an eBPF program to a tracepoint *name* to access kernel
 *              internal arguments of the tracepoint in their raw form.
 *
 *              The *prog_fd* must be a valid file descriptor associated with
 *              a loaded eBPF program of type **BPF_PROG_TYPE_RAW_TRACEPOINT**.
 *
 *              No ABI guarantees are made about the content of tracepoint
 *              arguments exposed to the corresponding eBPF program.
 *
 *              Applying **close**\ (2) to the file descriptor returned by
 *              **BPF_RAW_TRACEPOINT_OPEN** will delete the map (but see NOTES).
 *
 *      Return
 *              A new file descriptor (a nonnegative integer), or -1 if an
 *              error occurred (in which case, *errno* is set appropriately).
 *
 * BPF_BTF_LOAD
 *      Description
 *              Verify and load BPF Type Format (BTF) metadata into the kernel,
 *              returning a new file descriptor associated with the metadata.
 *              BTF is described in more detail at
 *              https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/bpf/btf.html.
 *
 *              The *btf* parameter must point to valid memory providing
 *              *btf_size* bytes of BTF binary metadata.
 *
 *              The returned file descriptor can be passed to other **bpf**\ ()
 *              subcommands such as **BPF_PROG_LOAD** or **BPF_MAP_CREATE** to
 *              associate the BTF with those objects.
 *
 *              Similar to **BPF_PROG_LOAD**, **BPF_BTF_LOAD** has optional
 *              parameters to specify a *btf_log_buf*, *btf_log_size* and
 *              *btf_log_level* which allow the kernel to return freeform log
 *              output regarding the BTF verification process.
 *
 *      Return
 *              A new file descriptor (a nonnegative integer), or -1 if an
 *              error occurred (in which case, *errno* is set appropriately).
 *
 * BPF_BTF_GET_FD_BY_ID
 *      Description
 *              Open a file descriptor for the BPF Type Format (BTF)
 *              corresponding to *btf_id*.
 *
 *      Return
 *              A new file descriptor (a nonnegative integer), or -1 if an
 *              error occurred (in which case, *errno* is set appropriately).
 *
 * BPF_TASK_FD_QUERY
 *      Description
 *              Obtain information about eBPF programs associated with the
 *              target process identified by *pid* and *fd*.
 *
 *              If the *pid* and *fd* are associated with a tracepoint, kprobe
 *              or uprobe perf event, then the *prog_id* and *fd_type* will
 *              be populated with the eBPF program id and file descriptor type
 *              of type **bpf_task_fd_type**. If associated with a kprobe or
 *              uprobe, the  *probe_offset* and *probe_addr* will also be
 *              populated. Optionally, if *buf* is provided, then up to
 *              *buf_len* bytes of *buf* will be populated with the name of
 *              the tracepoint, kprobe or uprobe.
 *
 *              The resulting *prog_id* may be introspected in deeper detail
 *              using **BPF_PROG_GET_FD_BY_ID** and **BPF_OBJ_GET_INFO_BY_FD**.
 *
 *      Return
 *              Returns zero on success. On error, -1 is returned and *errno*
 *              is set appropriately.
 *
 * BPF_MAP_LOOKUP_AND_DELETE_ELEM
 *      Description
 *              Look up an element with the given *key* in the map referred to
 *              by the file descriptor *fd*, and if found, delete the element.
 *
 *              For **BPF_MAP_TYPE_QUEUE** and **BPF_MAP_TYPE_STACK** map
 *              types, the *flags* argument needs to be set to 0, but for other
 *              map types, it may be specified as:
 *
 *              **BPF_F_LOCK**
 *                      Look up and delete the value of a spin-locked map
 *                      without returning the lock. This must be specified if
 *                      the elements contain a spinlock.
 *
 *              The **BPF_MAP_TYPE_QUEUE** and **BPF_MAP_TYPE_STACK** map types
 *              implement this command as a "pop" operation, deleting the top
 *              element rather than one corresponding to *key*.
 *              The *key* and *key_len* parameters should be zeroed when
 *              issuing this operation for these map types.
 *
 *              This command is only valid for the following map types:
 *              * **BPF_MAP_TYPE_QUEUE**
 *              * **BPF_MAP_TYPE_STACK**
 *              * **BPF_MAP_TYPE_HASH**
 *              * **BPF_MAP_TYPE_PERCPU_HASH**
 *              * **BPF_MAP_TYPE_LRU_HASH**
 *              * **BPF_MAP_TYPE_LRU_PERCPU_HASH**
 *
 *      Return
 *              Returns zero on success. On error, -1 is returned and *errno*
 *              is set appropriately.
 *
 * BPF_MAP_FREEZE
 *      Description
 *              Freeze the permissions of the specified map.
 *
 *              Write permissions may be frozen by passing zero *flags*.
 *              Upon success, no future syscall invocations may alter the
 *              map state of *map_fd*. Write operations from eBPF programs
 *              are still possible for a frozen map.
 *
 *              Not supported for maps of type **BPF_MAP_TYPE_STRUCT_OPS**.
 *
 *      Return
 *              Returns zero on success. On error, -1 is returned and *errno*
 *              is set appropriately.
 *
 * BPF_BTF_GET_NEXT_ID
 *      Description
 *              Fetch the next BPF Type Format (BTF) object currently loaded
 *              into the kernel.
 *
 *              Looks for the BTF object with an id greater than *start_id*
 *              and updates *next_id* on success. If no other BTF objects
 *              remain with ids higher than *start_id*, returns -1 and sets
 *              *errno* to **ENOENT**.
 *
 *      Return
 *              Returns zero on success. On error, or when no id remains, -1
 *              is returned and *errno* is set appropriately.
 *
 * BPF_MAP_LOOKUP_BATCH
 *      Description
 *              Iterate and fetch multiple elements in a map.
 *
 *              Two opaque values are used to manage batch operations,
 *              *in_batch* and *out_batch*. Initially, *in_batch* must be set
 *              to NULL to begin the batched operation. After each subsequent
 *              **BPF_MAP_LOOKUP_BATCH**, the caller should pass the resultant
 *              *out_batch* as the *in_batch* for the next operation to
 *              continue iteration from the current point.
 *
 *              The *keys* and *values* are output parameters which must point
 *              to memory large enough to hold *count* items based on the key
 *              and value size of the map *map_fd*. The *keys* buffer must be
 *              of *key_size* * *count*. The *values* buffer must be of
 *              *value_size* * *count*.
 *
 *              The *elem_flags* argument may be specified as one of the
 *              following:
 *
 *              **BPF_F_LOCK**
 *                      Look up the value of a spin-locked map without
 *                      returning the lock. This must be specified if the
 *                      elements contain a spinlock.
 *
 *              On success, *count* elements from the map are copied into the
 *              user buffer, with the keys copied into *keys* and the values
 *              copied into the corresponding indices in *values*.
 *
 *              If an error is returned and *errno* is not **EFAULT**, *count*
 *              is set to the number of successfully processed elements.
 *
 *      Return
 *              Returns zero on success. On error, -1 is returned and *errno*
 *              is set appropriately.
 *
 *              May set *errno* to **ENOSPC** to indicate that *keys* or
 *              *values* is too small to dump an entire bucket during
 *              iteration of a hash-based map type.
 *
 * BPF_MAP_LOOKUP_AND_DELETE_BATCH
 *      Description
 *              Iterate and delete all elements in a map.
 *
 *              This operation has the same behavior as
 *              **BPF_MAP_LOOKUP_BATCH** with two exceptions:
 *
 *              * Every element that is successfully returned is also deleted
 *                from the map. This is at least *count* elements. Note that
 *                *count* is both an input and an output parameter.
 *              * Upon returning with *errno* set to **EFAULT**, up to
 *                *count* elements may be deleted without returning the keys
 *                and values of the deleted elements.
 *
 *      Return
 *              Returns zero on success. On error, -1 is returned and *errno*
 *              is set appropriately.
 *
 * BPF_MAP_UPDATE_BATCH
 *      Description
 *              Update multiple elements in a map by *key*.
 *
 *              The *keys* and *values* are input parameters which must point
 *              to memory large enough to hold *count* items based on the key
 *              and value size of the map *map_fd*. The *keys* buffer must be
 *              of *key_size* * *count*. The *values* buffer must be of
 *              *value_size* * *count*.
 *
 *              Each element specified in *keys* is sequentially updated to the
 *              value in the corresponding index in *values*. The *in_batch*
 *              and *out_batch* parameters are ignored and should be zeroed.
 *
 *              The *elem_flags* argument should be specified as one of the
 *              following:
 *
 *              **BPF_ANY**
 *                      Create new elements or update a existing elements.
 *              **BPF_NOEXIST**
 *                      Create new elements only if they do not exist.
 *              **BPF_EXIST**
 *                      Update existing elements.
 *              **BPF_F_LOCK**
 *                      Update spin_lock-ed map elements. This must be
 *                      specified if the map value contains a spinlock.
 *
 *              On success, *count* elements from the map are updated.
 *
 *              If an error is returned and *errno* is not **EFAULT**, *count*
 *              is set to the number of successfully processed elements.
 *
 *      Return
 *              Returns zero on success. On error, -1 is returned and *errno*
 *              is set appropriately.
 *
 *              May set *errno* to **EINVAL**, **EPERM**, **ENOMEM**, or
 *              **E2BIG**. **E2BIG** indicates that the number of elements in
 *              the map reached the *max_entries* limit specified at map
 *              creation time.
 *
 *              May set *errno* to one of the following error codes under
 *              specific circumstances:
 *
 *              **EEXIST**
 *                      If *flags* specifies **BPF_NOEXIST** and the element
 *                      with *key* already exists in the map.
 *              **ENOENT**
 *                      If *flags* specifies **BPF_EXIST** and the element with
 *                      *key* does not exist in the map.
 *
 * BPF_MAP_DELETE_BATCH
 *      Description
 *              Delete multiple elements in a map by *key*.
 *
 *              The *keys* parameter is an input parameter which must point
 *              to memory large enough to hold *count* items based on the key
 *              size of the map *map_fd*, that is, *key_size* * *count*.
 *
 *              Each element specified in *keys* is sequentially deleted. The
 *              *in_batch*, *out_batch*, and *values* parameters are ignored
 *              and should be zeroed.
 *
 *              The *elem_flags* argument may be specified as one of the
 *              following:
 *
 *              **BPF_F_LOCK**
 *                      Look up the value of a spin-locked map without
 *                      returning the lock. This must be specified if the
 *                      elements contain a spinlock.
 *
 *              On success, *count* elements from the map are updated.
 *
 *              If an error is returned and *errno* is not **EFAULT**, *count*
 *              is set to the number of successfully processed elements. If
 *              *errno* is **EFAULT**, up to *count* elements may be been
 *              deleted.
 *
 *      Return
 *              Returns zero on success. On error, -1 is returned and *errno*
 *              is set appropriately.
 *
 * BPF_LINK_CREATE
 *      Description
 *              Attach an eBPF program to a *target_fd* at the specified
 *              *attach_type* hook and return a file descriptor handle for
 *              managing the link.
 *
 *      Return
 *              A new file descriptor (a nonnegative integer), or -1 if an
 *              error occurred (in which case, *errno* is set appropriately).
 *
 * BPF_LINK_UPDATE
 *      Description
 *              Update the eBPF program in the specified *link_fd* to
 *              *new_prog_fd*.
 *
 *      Return
 *              Returns zero on success. On error, -1 is returned and *errno*
 *              is set appropriately.
 *
 * BPF_LINK_GET_FD_BY_ID
 *      Description
 *              Open a file descriptor for the eBPF Link corresponding to
 *              *link_id*.
 *
 *      Return
 *              A new file descriptor (a nonnegative integer), or -1 if an
 *              error occurred (in which case, *errno* is set appropriately).
 *
 * BPF_LINK_GET_NEXT_ID
 *      Description
 *              Fetch the next eBPF link currently loaded into the kernel.
 *
 *              Looks for the eBPF link with an id greater than *start_id*
 *              and updates *next_id* on success. If no other eBPF links
 *              remain with ids higher than *start_id*, returns -1 and sets
 *              *errno* to **ENOENT**.
 *
 *      Return
 *              Returns zero on success. On error, or when no id remains, -1
 *              is returned and *errno* is set appropriately.
 *
 * BPF_ENABLE_STATS
 *      Description
 *              Enable eBPF runtime statistics gathering.
 *
 *              Runtime statistics gathering for the eBPF runtime is disabled
 *              by default to minimize the corresponding performance overhead.
 *              This command enables statistics globally.
 *
 *              Multiple programs may independently enable statistics.
 *              After gathering the desired statistics, eBPF runtime statistics
 *              may be disabled again by calling **close**\ (2) for the file
 *              descriptor returned by this function. Statistics will only be
 *              disabled system-wide when all outstanding file descriptors
 *              returned by prior calls for this subcommand are closed.
 *
 *      Return
 *              A new file descriptor (a nonnegative integer), or -1 if an
 *              error occurred (in which case, *errno* is set appropriately).
 *
 * BPF_ITER_CREATE
 *      Description
 *              Create an iterator on top of the specified *link_fd* (as
 *              previously created using **BPF_LINK_CREATE**) and return a
 *              file descriptor that can be used to trigger the iteration.
 *
 *              If the resulting file descriptor is pinned to the filesystem
 *              using  **BPF_OBJ_PIN**, then subsequent **read**\ (2) syscalls
 *              for that path will trigger the iterator to read kernel state
 *              using the eBPF program attached to *link_fd*.
 *
 *      Return
 *              A new file descriptor (a nonnegative integer), or -1 if an
 *              error occurred (in which case, *errno* is set appropriately).
 *
 * BPF_LINK_DETACH
 *      Description
 *              Forcefully detach the specified *link_fd* from its
 *              corresponding attachment point.
 *
 *      Return
 *              Returns zero on success. On error, -1 is returned and *errno*
 *              is set appropriately.
 *
 * BPF_PROG_BIND_MAP
 *      Description
 *              Bind a map to the lifetime of an eBPF program.
 *
 *              The map identified by *map_fd* is bound to the program
 *              identified by *prog_fd* and only released when *prog_fd* is
 *              released. This may be used in cases where metadata should be
 *              associated with a program which otherwise does not contain any
 *              references to the map (for example, embedded in the eBPF
 *              program instructions).
 *
 *      Return
 *              Returns zero on success. On error, -1 is returned and *errno*
 *              is set appropriately.
 *
 * NOTES
 *      eBPF objects (maps and programs) can be shared between processes.
 *
 *      * After **fork**\ (2), the child inherits file descriptors
 *        referring to the same eBPF objects.
 *      * File descriptors referring to eBPF objects can be transferred over
 *        **unix**\ (7) domain sockets.
 *      * File descriptors referring to eBPF objects can be duplicated in the
 *        usual way, using **dup**\ (2) and similar calls.
 *      * File descriptors referring to eBPF objects can be pinned to the
 *        filesystem using the **BPF_OBJ_PIN** command of **bpf**\ (2).
 *
 *      An eBPF object is deallocated only after all file descriptors referring
 *      to the object have been closed and no references remain pinned to the
 *      filesystem or attached (for example, bound to a program or device).
 */
enum bpf_cmd {
        BPF_MAP_CREATE,
        BPF_MAP_LOOKUP_ELEM,
        BPF_MAP_UPDATE_ELEM,
        BPF_MAP_DELETE_ELEM,
        BPF_MAP_GET_NEXT_KEY,
        BPF_PROG_LOAD,
        BPF_OBJ_PIN,
        BPF_OBJ_GET,
        BPF_PROG_ATTACH,
        BPF_PROG_DETACH,
        BPF_PROG_TEST_RUN,
        BPF_PROG_RUN = BPF_PROG_TEST_RUN,
        BPF_PROG_GET_NEXT_ID,
        BPF_MAP_GET_NEXT_ID,
        BPF_PROG_GET_FD_BY_ID,
        BPF_MAP_GET_FD_BY_ID,
        BPF_OBJ_GET_INFO_BY_FD,
        BPF_PROG_QUERY,
        BPF_RAW_TRACEPOINT_OPEN,
        BPF_BTF_LOAD,
        BPF_BTF_GET_FD_BY_ID,
        BPF_TASK_FD_QUERY,
        BPF_MAP_LOOKUP_AND_DELETE_ELEM,
        BPF_MAP_FREEZE,
        BPF_BTF_GET_NEXT_ID,
        BPF_MAP_LOOKUP_BATCH,
        BPF_MAP_LOOKUP_AND_DELETE_BATCH,
        BPF_MAP_UPDATE_BATCH,
        BPF_MAP_DELETE_BATCH,
        BPF_LINK_CREATE,
        BPF_LINK_UPDATE,
        BPF_LINK_GET_FD_BY_ID,
        BPF_LINK_GET_NEXT_ID,
        BPF_ENABLE_STATS,
        BPF_ITER_CREATE,
        BPF_LINK_DETACH,
        BPF_PROG_BIND_MAP,
};

enum bpf_map_type {
        BPF_MAP_TYPE_UNSPEC,
        BPF_MAP_TYPE_HASH,
        BPF_MAP_TYPE_ARRAY,
        BPF_MAP_TYPE_PROG_ARRAY,
        BPF_MAP_TYPE_PERF_EVENT_ARRAY,
        BPF_MAP_TYPE_PERCPU_HASH,
        BPF_MAP_TYPE_PERCPU_ARRAY,
        BPF_MAP_TYPE_STACK_TRACE,
        BPF_MAP_TYPE_CGROUP_ARRAY,
        BPF_MAP_TYPE_LRU_HASH,
        BPF_MAP_TYPE_LRU_PERCPU_HASH,
        BPF_MAP_TYPE_LPM_TRIE,
        BPF_MAP_TYPE_ARRAY_OF_MAPS,
        BPF_MAP_TYPE_HASH_OF_MAPS,
        BPF_MAP_TYPE_DEVMAP,
        BPF_MAP_TYPE_SOCKMAP,
        BPF_MAP_TYPE_CPUMAP,
        BPF_MAP_TYPE_XSKMAP,
        BPF_MAP_TYPE_SOCKHASH,
        BPF_MAP_TYPE_CGROUP_STORAGE,
        BPF_MAP_TYPE_REUSEPORT_SOCKARRAY,
        BPF_MAP_TYPE_PERCPU_CGROUP_STORAGE,
        BPF_MAP_TYPE_QUEUE,
        BPF_MAP_TYPE_STACK,
        BPF_MAP_TYPE_SK_STORAGE,
        BPF_MAP_TYPE_DEVMAP_HASH,
        BPF_MAP_TYPE_STRUCT_OPS,
        BPF_MAP_TYPE_RINGBUF,
        BPF_MAP_TYPE_INODE_STORAGE,
        BPF_MAP_TYPE_TASK_STORAGE,
        BPF_MAP_TYPE_BLOOM_FILTER,
        BPF_MAP_TYPE_USER_RINGBUF,
};

/* Note that tracing related programs such as
 * BPF_PROG_TYPE_{KPROBE,TRACEPOINT,PERF_EVENT,RAW_TRACEPOINT}
 * are not subject to a stable API since kernel internal data
 * structures can change from release to release and may
 * therefore break existing tracing BPF programs. Tracing BPF
 * programs correspond to /a/ specific kernel which is to be
 * analyzed, and not /a/ specific kernel /and/ all future ones.
 */
enum bpf_prog_type {
        BPF_PROG_TYPE_UNSPEC,
        BPF_PROG_TYPE_SOCKET_FILTER,
        BPF_PROG_TYPE_KPROBE,
        BPF_PROG_TYPE_SCHED_CLS,
        BPF_PROG_TYPE_SCHED_ACT,
        BPF_PROG_TYPE_TRACEPOINT,
        BPF_PROG_TYPE_XDP,
        BPF_PROG_TYPE_PERF_EVENT,
        BPF_PROG_TYPE_CGROUP_SKB,
        BPF_PROG_TYPE_CGROUP_SOCK,
        BPF_PROG_TYPE_LWT_IN,
        BPF_PROG_TYPE_LWT_OUT,
        BPF_PROG_TYPE_LWT_XMIT,
        BPF_PROG_TYPE_SOCK_OPS,
        BPF_PROG_TYPE_SK_SKB,
        BPF_PROG_TYPE_CGROUP_DEVICE,
        BPF_PROG_TYPE_SK_MSG,
        BPF_PROG_TYPE_RAW_TRACEPOINT,
        BPF_PROG_TYPE_CGROUP_SOCK_ADDR,
        BPF_PROG_TYPE_LWT_SEG6LOCAL,
        BPF_PROG_TYPE_LIRC_MODE2,
        BPF_PROG_TYPE_SK_REUSEPORT,
        BPF_PROG_TYPE_FLOW_DISSECTOR,
        BPF_PROG_TYPE_CGROUP_SYSCTL,
        BPF_PROG_TYPE_RAW_TRACEPOINT_WRITABLE,
        BPF_PROG_TYPE_CGROUP_SOCKOPT,
        BPF_PROG_TYPE_TRACING,
        BPF_PROG_TYPE_STRUCT_OPS,
        BPF_PROG_TYPE_EXT,
        BPF_PROG_TYPE_LSM,
        BPF_PROG_TYPE_SK_LOOKUP,
        BPF_PROG_TYPE_SYSCALL, /* a program that can execute syscalls */
};

enum bpf_attach_type {
        BPF_CGROUP_INET_INGRESS,
        BPF_CGROUP_INET_EGRESS,
        BPF_CGROUP_INET_SOCK_CREATE,
        BPF_CGROUP_SOCK_OPS,
        BPF_SK_SKB_STREAM_PARSER,
        BPF_SK_SKB_STREAM_VERDICT,
        BPF_CGROUP_DEVICE,
        BPF_SK_MSG_VERDICT,
        BPF_CGROUP_INET4_BIND,
        BPF_CGROUP_INET6_BIND,
        BPF_CGROUP_INET4_CONNECT,
        BPF_CGROUP_INET6_CONNECT,
        BPF_CGROUP_INET4_POST_BIND,
        BPF_CGROUP_INET6_POST_BIND,
        BPF_CGROUP_UDP4_SENDMSG,
        BPF_CGROUP_UDP6_SENDMSG,
        BPF_LIRC_MODE2,
        BPF_FLOW_DISSECTOR,
        BPF_CGROUP_SYSCTL,
        BPF_CGROUP_UDP4_RECVMSG,
        BPF_CGROUP_UDP6_RECVMSG,
        BPF_CGROUP_GETSOCKOPT,
        BPF_CGROUP_SETSOCKOPT,
        BPF_TRACE_RAW_TP,
        BPF_TRACE_FENTRY,
        BPF_TRACE_FEXIT,
        BPF_MODIFY_RETURN,
        BPF_LSM_MAC,
        BPF_TRACE_ITER,
        BPF_CGROUP_INET4_GETPEERNAME,
        BPF_CGROUP_INET6_GETPEERNAME,
        BPF_CGROUP_INET4_GETSOCKNAME,
        BPF_CGROUP_INET6_GETSOCKNAME,
        BPF_XDP_DEVMAP,
        BPF_CGROUP_INET_SOCK_RELEASE,
        BPF_XDP_CPUMAP,
        BPF_SK_LOOKUP,
        BPF_XDP,
        BPF_SK_SKB_VERDICT,
        BPF_SK_REUSEPORT_SELECT,
        BPF_SK_REUSEPORT_SELECT_OR_MIGRATE,
        BPF_PERF_EVENT,
        BPF_TRACE_KPROBE_MULTI,
        BPF_LSM_CGROUP,
        __MAX_BPF_ATTACH_TYPE
};

#define MAX_BPF_ATTACH_TYPE __MAX_BPF_ATTACH_TYPE

enum bpf_link_type {
        BPF_LINK_TYPE_UNSPEC = 0,
        BPF_LINK_TYPE_RAW_TRACEPOINT = 1,
        BPF_LINK_TYPE_TRACING = 2,
        BPF_LINK_TYPE_CGROUP = 3,
        BPF_LINK_TYPE_ITER = 4,
        BPF_LINK_TYPE_NETNS = 5,
        BPF_LINK_TYPE_XDP = 6,
        BPF_LINK_TYPE_PERF_EVENT = 7,
        BPF_LINK_TYPE_KPROBE_MULTI = 8,
        BPF_LINK_TYPE_STRUCT_OPS = 9,

        MAX_BPF_LINK_TYPE,
};

/* cgroup-bpf attach flags used in BPF_PROG_ATTACH command
 *
 * NONE(default): No further bpf programs allowed in the subtree.
 *
 * BPF_F_ALLOW_OVERRIDE: If a sub-cgroup installs some bpf program,
 * the program in this cgroup yields to sub-cgroup program.
 *
 * BPF_F_ALLOW_MULTI: If a sub-cgroup installs some bpf program,
 * that cgroup program gets run in addition to the program in this cgroup.
 *
 * Only one program is allowed to be attached to a cgroup with
 * NONE or BPF_F_ALLOW_OVERRIDE flag.
 * Attaching another program on top of NONE or BPF_F_ALLOW_OVERRIDE will
 * release old program and attach the new one. Attach flags has to match.
 *
 * Multiple programs are allowed to be attached to a cgroup with
 * BPF_F_ALLOW_MULTI flag. They are executed in FIFO order
 * (those that were attached first, run first)
 * The programs of sub-cgroup are executed first, then programs of
 * this cgroup and then programs of parent cgroup.
 * When children program makes decision (like picking TCP CA or sock bind)
 * parent program has a chance to override it.
 *
 * With BPF_F_ALLOW_MULTI a new program is added to the end of the list of
 * programs for a cgroup. Though it's possible to replace an old program at
 * any position by also specifying BPF_F_REPLACE flag and position itself in
 * replace_bpf_fd attribute. Old program at this position will be released.
 *
 * A cgroup with MULTI or OVERRIDE flag allows any attach flags in sub-cgroups.
 * A cgroup with NONE doesn't allow any programs in sub-cgroups.
 * Ex1:
 * cgrp1 (MULTI progs A, B) ->
 *    cgrp2 (OVERRIDE prog C) ->
 *      cgrp3 (MULTI prog D) ->
 *        cgrp4 (OVERRIDE prog E) ->
 *          cgrp5 (NONE prog F)
 * the event in cgrp5 triggers execution of F,D,A,B in that order.
 * if prog F is detached, the execution is E,D,A,B
 * if prog F and D are detached, the execution is E,A,B
 * if prog F, E and D are detached, the execution is C,A,B
 *
 * All eligible programs are executed regardless of return code from
 * earlier programs.
 */
#define BPF_F_ALLOW_OVERRIDE    (1U << 0)
#define BPF_F_ALLOW_MULTI       (1U << 1)
#define BPF_F_REPLACE           (1U << 2)

/* If BPF_F_STRICT_ALIGNMENT is used in BPF_PROG_LOAD command, the
 * verifier will perform strict alignment checking as if the kernel
 * has been built with CONFIG_EFFICIENT_UNALIGNED_ACCESS not set,
 * and NET_IP_ALIGN defined to 2.
 */
#define BPF_F_STRICT_ALIGNMENT  (1U << 0)

/* If BPF_F_ANY_ALIGNMENT is used in BPF_PROF_LOAD command, the
 * verifier will allow any alignment whatsoever.  On platforms
 * with strict alignment requirements for loads ands stores (such
 * as sparc and mips) the verifier validates that all loads and
 * stores provably follow this requirement.  This flag turns that
 * checking and enforcement off.
 *
 * It is mostly used for testing when we want to validate the
 * context and memory access aspects of the verifier, but because
 * of an unaligned access the alignment check would trigger before
 * the one we are interested in.
 */
#define BPF_F_ANY_ALIGNMENT     (1U << 1)

/* BPF_F_TEST_RND_HI32 is used in BPF_PROG_LOAD command for testing purpose.
 * Verifier does sub-register def/use analysis and identifies instructions whose
 * def only matters for low 32-bit, high 32-bit is never referenced later
 * through implicit zero extension. Therefore verifier notifies JIT back-ends
 * that it is safe to ignore clearing high 32-bit for these instructions. This
 * saves some back-ends a lot of code-gen. However such optimization is not
 * necessary on some arches, for example x86_64, arm64 etc, whose JIT back-ends
 * hence hasn't used verifier's analysis result. But, we really want to have a
 * way to be able to verify the correctness of the described optimization on
 * x86_64 on which testsuites are frequently exercised.
 *
 * So, this flag is introduced. Once it is set, verifier will randomize high
 * 32-bit for those instructions who has been identified as safe to ignore them.
 * Then, if verifier is not doing correct analysis, such randomization will
 * regress tests to expose bugs.
 */
#define BPF_F_TEST_RND_HI32     (1U << 2)

/* The verifier internal test flag. Behavior is undefined */
#define BPF_F_TEST_STATE_FREQ   (1U << 3)

/* If BPF_F_SLEEPABLE is used in BPF_PROG_LOAD command, the verifier will
 * restrict map and helper usage for such programs. Sleepable BPF programs can
 * only be attached to hooks where kernel execution context allows sleeping.
 * Such programs are allowed to use helpers that may sleep like
 * bpf_copy_from_user().
 */
#define BPF_F_SLEEPABLE         (1U << 4)

/* If BPF_F_XDP_HAS_FRAGS is used in BPF_PROG_LOAD command, the loaded program
 * fully support xdp frags.
 */
#define BPF_F_XDP_HAS_FRAGS     (1U << 5)

/* link_create.kprobe_multi.flags used in LINK_CREATE command for
 * BPF_TRACE_KPROBE_MULTI attach type to create return probe.
 */
#define BPF_F_KPROBE_MULTI_RETURN       (1U << 0)

/* When BPF ldimm64's insn[0].src_reg != 0 then this can have
 * the following extensions:
 *
 * insn[0].src_reg:  BPF_PSEUDO_MAP_[FD|IDX]
 * insn[0].imm:      map fd or fd_idx
 * insn[1].imm:      0
 * insn[0].off:      0
 * insn[1].off:      0
 * ldimm64 rewrite:  address of map
 * verifier type:    CONST_PTR_TO_MAP
 */
#define BPF_PSEUDO_MAP_FD       1
#define BPF_PSEUDO_MAP_IDX      5

/* insn[0].src_reg:  BPF_PSEUDO_MAP_[IDX_]VALUE
 * insn[0].imm:      map fd or fd_idx
 * insn[1].imm:      offset into value
 * insn[0].off:      0
 * insn[1].off:      0
 * ldimm64 rewrite:  address of map[0]+offset
 * verifier type:    PTR_TO_MAP_VALUE
 */
#define BPF_PSEUDO_MAP_VALUE            2
#define BPF_PSEUDO_MAP_IDX_VALUE        6

/* insn[0].src_reg:  BPF_PSEUDO_BTF_ID
 * insn[0].imm:      kernel btd id of VAR
 * insn[1].imm:      0
 * insn[0].off:      0
 * insn[1].off:      0
 * ldimm64 rewrite:  address of the kernel variable
 * verifier type:    PTR_TO_BTF_ID or PTR_TO_MEM, depending on whether the var
 *                   is struct/union.
 */
#define BPF_PSEUDO_BTF_ID       3
/* insn[0].src_reg:  BPF_PSEUDO_FUNC
 * insn[0].imm:      insn offset to the func
 * insn[1].imm:      0
 * insn[0].off:      0
 * insn[1].off:      0
 * ldimm64 rewrite:  address of the function
 * verifier type:    PTR_TO_FUNC.
 */
#define BPF_PSEUDO_FUNC         4

/* when bpf_call->src_reg == BPF_PSEUDO_CALL, bpf_call->imm == pc-relative
 * offset to another bpf function
 */
#define BPF_PSEUDO_CALL         1
/* when bpf_call->src_reg == BPF_PSEUDO_KFUNC_CALL,
 * bpf_call->imm == btf_id of a BTF_KIND_FUNC in the running kernel
 */
#define BPF_PSEUDO_KFUNC_CALL   2

/* flags for BPF_MAP_UPDATE_ELEM command */
enum {
        BPF_ANY         = 0, /* create new element or update existing */
        BPF_NOEXIST     = 1, /* create new element if it didn't exist */
        BPF_EXIST       = 2, /* update existing element */
        BPF_F_LOCK      = 4, /* spin_lock-ed map_lookup/map_update */
};

/* flags for BPF_MAP_CREATE command */
enum {
        BPF_F_NO_PREALLOC       = (1U << 0),
/* Instead of having one common LRU list in the
 * BPF_MAP_TYPE_LRU_[PERCPU_]HASH map, use a percpu LRU list
 * which can scale and perform better.
 * Note, the LRU nodes (including free nodes) cannot be moved
 * across different LRU lists.
 */
        BPF_F_NO_COMMON_LRU     = (1U << 1),
/* Specify numa node during map creation */
        BPF_F_NUMA_NODE         = (1U << 2),

/* Flags for accessing BPF object from syscall side. */
        BPF_F_RDONLY            = (1U << 3),
        BPF_F_WRONLY            = (1U << 4),

/* Flag for stack_map, store build_id+offset instead of pointer */
        BPF_F_STACK_BUILD_ID    = (1U << 5),

/* Zero-initialize hash function seed. This should only be used for testing. */
        BPF_F_ZERO_SEED         = (1U << 6),

/* Flags for accessing BPF object from program side. */
        BPF_F_RDONLY_PROG       = (1U << 7),
        BPF_F_WRONLY_PROG       = (1U << 8),

/* Clone map from listener for newly accepted socket */
        BPF_F_CLONE             = (1U << 9),

/* Enable memory-mapping BPF map */
        BPF_F_MMAPABLE          = (1U << 10),

/* Share perf_event among processes */
        BPF_F_PRESERVE_ELEMS    = (1U << 11),

/* Create a map that is suitable to be an inner map with dynamic max entries */
        BPF_F_INNER_MAP         = (1U << 12),
};

/* Flags for BPF_PROG_QUERY. */

/* Query effective (directly attached + inherited from ancestor cgroups)
 * programs that will be executed for events within a cgroup.
 * attach_flags with this flag are always returned 0.
 */
#define BPF_F_QUERY_EFFECTIVE   (1U << 0)

/* Flags for BPF_PROG_TEST_RUN */

/* If set, run the test on the cpu specified by bpf_attr.test.cpu */
#define BPF_F_TEST_RUN_ON_CPU   (1U << 0)
/* If set, XDP frames will be transmitted after processing */
#define BPF_F_TEST_XDP_LIVE_FRAMES      (1U << 1)

/* type for BPF_ENABLE_STATS */
enum bpf_stats_type {
        /* enabled run_time_ns and run_cnt */
        BPF_STATS_RUN_TIME = 0,
};

enum bpf_stack_build_id_status {
        /* user space need an empty entry to identify end of a trace */
        BPF_STACK_BUILD_ID_EMPTY = 0,
        /* with valid build_id and offset */
        BPF_STACK_BUILD_ID_VALID = 1,
        /* couldn't get build_id, fallback to ip */
        BPF_STACK_BUILD_ID_IP = 2,
};

#define BPF_BUILD_ID_SIZE 20
struct bpf_stack_build_id {
        __s32           status;
        unsigned char   build_id[BPF_BUILD_ID_SIZE];
        union {
                __u64   offset;
                __u64   ip;
        };
};

#define BPF_OBJ_NAME_LEN 16U

union bpf_attr {
        struct { /* anonymous struct used by BPF_MAP_CREATE command */
                __u32   map_type;       /* one of enum bpf_map_type */
                __u32   key_size;       /* size of key in bytes */
                __u32   value_size;     /* size of value in bytes */
                __u32   max_entries;    /* max number of entries in a map */
                __u32   map_flags;      /* BPF_MAP_CREATE related
                                         * flags defined above.
                                         */
                __u32   inner_map_fd;   /* fd pointing to the inner map */
                __u32   numa_node;      /* numa node (effective only if
                                         * BPF_F_NUMA_NODE is set).
                                         */
                char    map_name[BPF_OBJ_NAME_LEN];
                __u32   map_ifindex;    /* ifindex of netdev to create on */
                __u32   btf_fd;         /* fd pointing to a BTF type data */
                __u32   btf_key_type_id;        /* BTF type_id of the key */
                __u32   btf_value_type_id;      /* BTF type_id of the value */
                __u32   btf_vmlinux_value_type_id;/* BTF type_id of a kernel-
                                                   * struct stored as the
                                                   * map value
                                                   */
                /* Any per-map-type extra fields
                 *
                 * BPF_MAP_TYPE_BLOOM_FILTER - the lowest 4 bits indicate the
                 * number of hash functions (if 0, the bloom filter will default
                 * to using 5 hash functions).
                 */
                __u64   map_extra;
        };

        struct { /* anonymous struct used by BPF_MAP_*_ELEM commands */
                __u32           map_fd;
                __aligned_u64   key;
                union {
                        __aligned_u64 value;
                        __aligned_u64 next_key;
                };
                __u64           flags;
        };

        struct { /* struct used by BPF_MAP_*_BATCH commands */
                __aligned_u64   in_batch;       /* start batch,
                                                 * NULL to start from beginning
                                                 */
                __aligned_u64   out_batch;      /* output: next start batch */
                __aligned_u64   keys;
                __aligned_u64   values;
                __u32           count;          /* input/output:
                                                 * input: # of key/value
                                                 * elements
                                                 * output: # of filled elements
                                                 */
                __u32           map_fd;
                __u64           elem_flags;
                __u64           flags;
        } batch;

        struct { /* anonymous struct used by BPF_PROG_LOAD command */
                __u32           prog_type;      /* one of enum bpf_prog_type */
                __u32           insn_cnt;
                __aligned_u64   insns;
                __aligned_u64   license;
                __u32           log_level;      /* verbosity level of verifier */
                __u32           log_size;       /* size of user buffer */
                __aligned_u64   log_buf;        /* user supplied buffer */
                __u32           kern_version;   /* not used */
                __u32           prog_flags;
                char            prog_name[BPF_OBJ_NAME_LEN];
                __u32           prog_ifindex;   /* ifindex of netdev to prep for */
                /* For some prog types expected attach type must be known at
                 * load time to verify attach type specific parts of prog
                 * (context accesses, allowed helpers, etc).
                 */
                __u32           expected_attach_type;
                __u32           prog_btf_fd;    /* fd pointing to BTF type data */
                __u32           func_info_rec_size;     /* userspace bpf_func_info size */
                __aligned_u64   func_info;      /* func info */
                __u32           func_info_cnt;  /* number of bpf_func_info records */
                __u32           line_info_rec_size;     /* userspace bpf_line_info size */
                __aligned_u64   line_info;      /* line info */
                __u32           line_info_cnt;  /* number of bpf_line_info records */
                __u32           attach_btf_id;  /* in-kernel BTF type id to attach to */
                union {
                        /* valid prog_fd to attach to bpf prog */
                        __u32           attach_prog_fd;
                        /* or valid module BTF object fd or 0 to attach to vmlinux */
                        __u32           attach_btf_obj_fd;
                };
                __u32           core_relo_cnt;  /* number of bpf_core_relo */
                __aligned_u64   fd_array;       /* array of FDs */
                __aligned_u64   core_relos;
                __u32           core_relo_rec_size; /* sizeof(struct bpf_core_relo) */
        };

        struct { /* anonymous struct used by BPF_OBJ_* commands */
                __aligned_u64   pathname;
                __u32           bpf_fd;
                __u32           file_flags;
        };

        struct { /* anonymous struct used by BPF_PROG_ATTACH/DETACH commands */
                __u32           target_fd;      /* container object to attach to */
                __u32           attach_bpf_fd;  /* eBPF program to attach */
                __u32           attach_type;
                __u32           attach_flags;
                __u32           replace_bpf_fd; /* previously attached eBPF
                                                 * program to replace if
                                                 * BPF_F_REPLACE is used
                                                 */
        };

        struct { /* anonymous struct used by BPF_PROG_TEST_RUN command */
                __u32           prog_fd;
                __u32           retval;
                __u32           data_size_in;   /* input: len of data_in */
                __u32           data_size_out;  /* input/output: len of data_out
                                                 *   returns ENOSPC if data_out
                                                 *   is too small.
                                                 */
                __aligned_u64   data_in;
                __aligned_u64   data_out;
                __u32           repeat;
                __u32           duration;
                __u32           ctx_size_in;    /* input: len of ctx_in */
                __u32           ctx_size_out;   /* input/output: len of ctx_out
                                                 *   returns ENOSPC if ctx_out
                                                 *   is too small.
                                                 */
                __aligned_u64   ctx_in;
                __aligned_u64   ctx_out;
                __u32           flags;
                __u32           cpu;
                __u32           batch_size;
        } test;

        struct { /* anonymous struct used by BPF_*_GET_*_ID */
                union {
                        __u32           start_id;
                        __u32           prog_id;
                        __u32           map_id;
                        __u32           btf_id;
                        __u32           link_id;
                };
                __u32           next_id;
                __u32           open_flags;
        };

        struct { /* anonymous struct used by BPF_OBJ_GET_INFO_BY_FD */
                __u32           bpf_fd;
                __u32           info_len;
                __aligned_u64   info;
        } info;

        struct { /* anonymous struct used by BPF_PROG_QUERY command */
                __u32           target_fd;      /* container object to query */
                __u32           attach_type;
                __u32           query_flags;
                __u32           attach_flags;
                __aligned_u64   prog_ids;
                __u32           prog_cnt;
                /* output: per-program attach_flags.
                 * not allowed to be set during effective query.
                 */
                __aligned_u64   prog_attach_flags;
        } query;

        struct { /* anonymous struct used by BPF_RAW_TRACEPOINT_OPEN command */
                __u64 name;
                __u32 prog_fd;
        } raw_tracepoint;

        struct { /* anonymous struct for BPF_BTF_LOAD */
                __aligned_u64   btf;
                __aligned_u64   btf_log_buf;
                __u32           btf_size;
                __u32           btf_log_size;
                __u32           btf_log_level;
        };

        struct {
                __u32           pid;            /* input: pid */
                __u32           fd;             /* input: fd */
                __u32           flags;          /* input: flags */
                __u32           buf_len;        /* input/output: buf len */
                __aligned_u64   buf;            /* input/output:
                                                 *   tp_name for tracepoint
                                                 *   symbol for kprobe
                                                 *   filename for uprobe
                                                 */
                __u32           prog_id;        /* output: prod_id */
                __u32           fd_type;        /* output: BPF_FD_TYPE_* */
                __u64           probe_offset;   /* output: probe_offset */
                __u64           probe_addr;     /* output: probe_addr */
        } task_fd_query;

        struct { /* struct used by BPF_LINK_CREATE command */
                __u32           prog_fd;        /* eBPF program to attach */
                union {
                        __u32           target_fd;      /* object to attach to */
                        __u32           target_ifindex; /* target ifindex */
                };
                __u32           attach_type;    /* attach type */
                __u32           flags;          /* extra flags */
                union {
                        __u32           target_btf_id;  /* btf_id of target to attach to */
                        struct {
                                __aligned_u64   iter_info;      /* extra bpf_iter_link_info */
                                __u32           iter_info_len;  /* iter_info length */
                        };
                        struct {
                                /* black box user-provided value passed through
                                 * to BPF program at the execution time and
                                 * accessible through bpf_get_attach_cookie() BPF helper
                                 */
                                __u64           bpf_cookie;
                        } perf_event;
                        struct {
                                __u32           flags;
                                __u32           cnt;
                                __aligned_u64   syms;
                                __aligned_u64   addrs;
                                __aligned_u64   cookies;
                        } kprobe_multi;
                        struct {
                                /* this is overlaid with the target_btf_id above. */
                                __u32           target_btf_id;
                                /* black box user-provided value passed through
                                 * to BPF program at the execution time and
                                 * accessible through bpf_get_attach_cookie() BPF helper
                                 */
                                __u64           cookie;
                        } tracing;
                };
        } link_create;

        struct { /* struct used by BPF_LINK_UPDATE command */
                __u32           link_fd;        /* link fd */
                /* new program fd to update link with */
                __u32           new_prog_fd;
                __u32           flags;          /* extra flags */
                /* expected link's program fd; is specified only if
                 * BPF_F_REPLACE flag is set in flags */
                __u32           old_prog_fd;
        } link_update;

        struct {
                __u32           link_fd;
        } link_detach;

        struct { /* struct used by BPF_ENABLE_STATS command */
                __u32           type;
        } enable_stats;

        struct { /* struct used by BPF_ITER_CREATE command */
                __u32           link_fd;
                __u32           flags;
        } iter_create;

        struct { /* struct used by BPF_PROG_BIND_MAP command */
                __u32           prog_fd;
                __u32           map_fd;
                __u32           flags;          /* extra flags */
        } prog_bind_map;

} __attribute__((aligned(8)));

/* The description below is an attempt at providing documentation to eBPF
 * developers about the multiple available eBPF helper functions. It can be
 * parsed and used to produce a manual page. The workflow is the following,
 * and requires the rst2man utility:
 *
 *     $ ./scripts/bpf_doc.py \
 *             --filename include/uapi/linux/bpf.h > /tmp/bpf-helpers.rst
 *     $ rst2man /tmp/bpf-helpers.rst > /tmp/bpf-helpers.7
 *     $ man /tmp/bpf-helpers.7
 *
 * Note that in order to produce this external documentation, some RST
 * formatting is used in the descriptions to get "bold" and "italics" in
 * manual pages. Also note that the few trailing white spaces are
 * intentional, removing them would break paragraphs for rst2man.
 *
 * Start of BPF helper function descriptions:
 *
 * void *bpf_map_lookup_elem(struct bpf_map *map, const void *key)
 *      Description
 *              Perform a lookup in *map* for an entry associated to *key*.
 *      Return
 *              Map value associated to *key*, or **NULL** if no entry was
 *              found.
 *
 * long bpf_map_update_elem(struct bpf_map *map, const void *key, const void *value, u64 flags)
 *      Description
 *              Add or update the value of the entry associated to *key* in
 *              *map* with *value*. *flags* is one of:
 *
 *              **BPF_NOEXIST**
 *                      The entry for *key* must not exist in the map.
 *              **BPF_EXIST**
 *                      The entry for *key* must already exist in the map.
 *              **BPF_ANY**
 *                      No condition on the existence of the entry for *key*.
 *
 *              Flag value **BPF_NOEXIST** cannot be used for maps of types
 *              **BPF_MAP_TYPE_ARRAY** or **BPF_MAP_TYPE_PERCPU_ARRAY**  (all
 *              elements always exist), the helper would return an error.
 *      Return
 *              0 on success, or a negative error in case of failure.
 *
 * long bpf_map_delete_elem(struct bpf_map *map, const void *key)
 *      Description
 *              Delete entry with *key* from *map*.
 *      Return
 *              0 on success, or a negative error in case of failure.
 *
 * long bpf_probe_read(void *dst, u32 size, const void *unsafe_ptr)
 *      Description
 *              For tracing programs, safely attempt to read *size* bytes from
 *              kernel space address *unsafe_ptr* and store the data in *dst*.
 *
 *              Generally, use **bpf_probe_read_user**\ () or
 *              **bpf_probe_read_kernel**\ () instead.
 *      Return
 *              0 on success, or a negative error in case of failure.
 *
 * u64 bpf_ktime_get_ns(void)
 *      Description
 *              Return the time elapsed since system boot, in nanoseconds.
 *              Does not include time the system was suspended.
 *              See: **clock_gettime**\ (**CLOCK_MONOTONIC**)
 *      Return
 *              Current *ktime*.
 *
 * long bpf_trace_printk(const char *fmt, u32 fmt_size, ...)
 *      Description
 *              This helper is a "printk()-like" facility for debugging. It
 *              prints a message defined by format *fmt* (of size *fmt_size*)
 *              to file *\/sys/kernel/debug/tracing/trace* from DebugFS, if
 *              available. It can take up to three additional **u64**
 *              arguments (as an eBPF helpers, the total number of arguments is
 *              limited to five).
 *
 *              Each time the helper is called, it appends a line to the trace.
 *              Lines are discarded while *\/sys/kernel/debug/tracing/trace* is
 *              open, use *\/sys/kernel/debug/tracing/trace_pipe* to avoid this.
 *              The format of the trace is customizable, and the exact output
 *              one will get depends on the options set in
 *              *\/sys/kernel/debug/tracing/trace_options* (see also the
 *              *README* file under the same directory). However, it usually
 *              defaults to something like:
 *
 *              ::
 *
 *                      telnet-470   [001] .N.. 419421.045894: 0x00000001: <formatted msg>
 *
 *              In the above:
 *
 *                      * ``telnet`` is the name of the current task.
 *                      * ``470`` is the PID of the current task.
 *                      * ``001`` is the CPU number on which the task is
 *                        running.
 *                      * In ``.N..``, each character refers to a set of
 *                        options (whether irqs are enabled, scheduling
 *                        options, whether hard/softirqs are running, level of
 *                        preempt_disabled respectively). **N** means that
 *                        **TIF_NEED_RESCHED** and **PREEMPT_NEED_RESCHED**
 *                        are set.
 *                      * ``419421.045894`` is a timestamp.
 *                      * ``0x00000001`` is a fake value used by BPF for the
 *                        instruction pointer register.
 *                      * ``<formatted msg>`` is the message formatted with
 *                        *fmt*.
 *
 *              The conversion specifiers supported by *fmt* are similar, but
 *              more limited than for printk(). They are **%d**, **%i**,
 *              **%u**, **%x**, **%ld**, **%li**, **%lu**, **%lx**, **%lld**,
 *              **%lli**, **%llu**, **%llx**, **%p**, **%s**. No modifier (size
 *              of field, padding with zeroes, etc.) is available, and the
 *              helper will return **-EINVAL** (but print nothing) if it
 *              encounters an unknown specifier.
 *
 *              Also, note that **bpf_trace_printk**\ () is slow, and should
 *              only be used for debugging purposes. For this reason, a notice
 *              block (spanning several lines) is printed to kernel logs and
 *              states that the helper should not be used "for production use"
 *              the first time this helper is used (or more precisely, when
 *              **trace_printk**\ () buffers are allocated). For passing values
 *              to user space, perf events should be preferred.
 *      Return
 *              The number of bytes written to the buffer, or a negative error
 *              in case of failure.
 *
 * u32 bpf_get_prandom_u32(void)
 *      Description
 *              Get a pseudo-random number.
 *
 *              From a security point of view, this helper uses its own
 *              pseudo-random internal state, and cannot be used to infer the
 *              seed of other random functions in the kernel. However, it is
 *              essential to note that the generator used by the helper is not
 *              cryptographically secure.
 *      Return
 *              A random 32-bit unsigned value.
 *
 * u32 bpf_get_smp_processor_id(void)
 *      Description
 *              Get the SMP (symmetric multiprocessing) processor id. Note that
 *              all programs run with migration disabled, which means that the
 *              SMP processor id is stable during all the execution of the
 *              program.
 *      Return
 *              The SMP id of the processor running the program.
 *
 * long bpf_skb_store_bytes(struct sk_buff *skb, u32 offset, const void *from, u32 len, u64 flags)
 *      Description
 *              Store *len* bytes from address *from* into the packet
 *              associated to *skb*, at *offset*. *flags* are a combination of
 *              **BPF_F_RECOMPUTE_CSUM** (automatically recompute the
 *              checksum for the packet after storing the bytes) and
 *              **BPF_F_INVALIDATE_HASH** (set *skb*\ **->hash**, *skb*\
 *              **->swhash** and *skb*\ **->l4hash** to 0).
 *
 *              A call to this helper is susceptible to change the underlying
 *              packet buffer. Therefore, at load time, all checks on pointers
 *              previously done by the verifier are invalidated and must be
 *              performed again, if the helper is used in combination with
 *              direct packet access.
 *      Return
 *              0 on success, or a negative error in case of failure.
 *
 * long bpf_l3_csum_replace(struct sk_buff *skb, u32 offset, u64 from, u64 to, u64 size)
 *      Description
 *              Recompute the layer 3 (e.g. IP) checksum for the packet
 *              associated to *skb*. Computation is incremental, so the helper
 *              must know the former value of the header field that was
 *              modified (*from*), the new value of this field (*to*), and the
 *              number of bytes (2 or 4) for this field, stored in *size*.
 *              Alternatively, it is possible to store the difference between
 *              the previous and the new values of the header field in *to*, by
 *              setting *from* and *size* to 0. For both methods, *offset*
 *              indicates the location of the IP checksum within the packet.
 *
 *              This helper works in combination with **bpf_csum_diff**\ (),
 *              which does not update the checksum in-place, but offers more
 *              flexibility and can handle sizes larger than 2 or 4 for the
 *              checksum to update.
 *
 *              A call to this helper is susceptible to change the underlying
 *              packet buffer. Therefore, at load time, all checks on pointers
 *              previously done by the verifier are invalidated and must be
 *              performed again, if the helper is used in combination with
 *              direct packet access.
 *      Return
 *              0 on success, or a negative error in case of failure.
 *
 * long bpf_l4_csum_replace(struct sk_buff *skb, u32 offset, u64 from, u64 to, u64 flags)
 *      Description
 *              Recompute the layer 4 (e.g. TCP, UDP or ICMP) checksum for the
 *              packet associated to *skb*. Computation is incremental, so the
 *              helper must know the former value of the header field that was
 *              modified (*from*), the new value of this field (*to*), and the
 *              number of bytes (2 or 4) for this field, stored on the lowest
 *              four bits of *flags*. Alternatively, it is possible to store
 *              the difference between the previous and the new values of the
 *              header field in *to*, by setting *from* and the four lowest
 *              bits of *flags* to 0. For both methods, *offset* indicates the
 *              location of the IP checksum within the packet. In addition to
 *              the size of the field, *flags* can be added (bitwise OR) actual
 *              flags. With **BPF_F_MARK_MANGLED_0**, a null checksum is left
 *              untouched (unless **BPF_F_MARK_ENFORCE** is added as well), and
 *              for updates resulting in a null checksum the value is set to
 *              **CSUM_MANGLED_0** instead. Flag **BPF_F_PSEUDO_HDR** indicates
 *              the checksum is to be computed against a pseudo-header.
 *
 *              This helper works in combination with **bpf_csum_diff**\ (),
 *              which does not update the checksum in-place, but offers more
 *              flexibility and can handle sizes larger than 2 or 4 for the
 *              checksum to update.
 *
 *              A call to this helper is susceptible to change the underlying
 *              packet buffer. Therefore, at load time, all checks on pointers
 *              previously done by the verifier are invalidated and must be
 *              performed again, if the helper is used in combination with
 *              direct packet access.
 *      Return
 *              0 on success, or a negative error in case of failure.
 *
 * long bpf_tail_call(void *ctx, struct bpf_map *prog_array_map, u32 index)
 *      Description
 *              This special helper is used to trigger a "tail call", or in
 *              other words, to jump into another eBPF program. The same stack
 *              frame is used (but values on stack and in registers for the
 *              caller are not accessible to the callee). This mechanism allows
 *              for program chaining, either for raising the maximum number of
 *              available eBPF instructions, or to execute given programs in
 *              conditional blocks. For security reasons, there is an upper
 *              limit to the number of successive tail calls that can be
 *              performed.
 *
 *              Upon call of this helper, the program attempts to jump into a
 *              program referenced at index *index* in *prog_array_map*, a
 *              special map of type **BPF_MAP_TYPE_PROG_ARRAY**, and passes
 *              *ctx*, a pointer to the context.
 *
 *              If the call succeeds, the kernel immediately runs the first
 *              instruction of the new program. This is not a function call,
 *              and it never returns to the previous program. If the call
 *              fails, then the helper has no effect, and the caller continues
 *              to run its subsequent instructions. A call can fail if the
 *              destination program for the jump does not exist (i.e. *index*
 *              is superior to the number of entries in *prog_array_map*), or
 *              if the maximum number of tail calls has been reached for this
 *              chain of programs. This limit is defined in the kernel by the
 *              macro **MAX_TAIL_CALL_CNT** (not accessible to user space),
 *              which is currently set to 33.
 *      Return
 *              0 on success, or a negative error in case of failure.
 *
 * long bpf_clone_redirect(struct sk_buff *skb, u32 ifindex, u64 flags)
 *      Description
 *              Clone and redirect the packet associated to *skb* to another
 *              net device of index *ifindex*. Both ingress and egress
 *              interfaces can be used for redirection. The **BPF_F_INGRESS**
 *              value in *flags* is used to make the distinction (ingress path
 *              is selected if the flag is present, egress path otherwise).
 *              This is the only flag supported for now.
 *
 *              In comparison with **bpf_redirect**\ () helper,
 *              **bpf_clone_redirect**\ () has the associated cost of
 *              duplicating the packet buffer, but this can be executed out of
 *              the eBPF program. Conversely, **bpf_redirect**\ () is more
 *              efficient, but it is handled through an action code where the
 *              redirection happens only after the eBPF program has returned.
 *
 *              A call to this helper is susceptible to change the underlying
 *              packet buffer. Therefore, at load time, all checks on pointers
 *              previously done by the verifier are invalidated and must be
 *              performed again, if the helper is used in combination with
 *              direct packet access.
 *      Return
 *              0 on success, or a negative error in case of failure. Positive
 *              error indicates a potential drop or congestion in the target
 *              device. The particular positive error codes are not defined.
 *
 * u64 bpf_get_current_pid_tgid(void)
 *      Description
 *              Get the current pid and tgid.
 *      Return
 *              A 64-bit integer containing the current tgid and pid, and
 *              created as such:
 *              *current_task*\ **->tgid << 32 \|**
 *              *current_task*\ **->pid**.
 *
 * u64 bpf_get_current_uid_gid(void)
 *      Description
 *              Get the current uid and gid.
 *      Return
 *              A 64-bit integer containing the current GID and UID, and
 *              created as such: *current_gid* **<< 32 \|** *current_uid*.
 *
 * long bpf_get_current_comm(void *buf, u32 size_of_buf)
 *      Description
 *              Copy the **comm** attribute of the current task into *buf* of
 *              *size_of_buf*. The **comm** attribute contains the name of
 *              the executable (excluding the path) for the current task. The
 *              *size_of_buf* must be strictly positive. On success, the
 *              helper makes sure that the *buf* is NUL-terminated. On failure,
 *              it is filled with zeroes.
 *      Return
 *              0 on success, or a negative error in case of failure.
 *
 * u32 bpf_get_cgroup_classid(struct sk_buff *skb)
 *      Description
 *              Retrieve the classid for the current task, i.e. for the net_cls
 *              cgroup to which *skb* belongs.
 *
 *              This helper can be used on TC egress path, but not on ingress.
 *
 *              The net_cls cgroup provides an interface to tag network packets
 *              based on a user-provided identifier for all traffic coming from
 *              the tasks belonging to the related cgroup. See also the related
 *              kernel documentation, available from the Linux sources in file
 *              *Documentation/admin-guide/cgroup-v1/net_cls.rst*.
 *
 *              The Linux kernel has two versions for cgroups: there are
 *              cgroups v1 and cgroups v2. Both are available to users, who can
 *              use a mixture of them, but note that the net_cls cgroup is for
 *              cgroup v1 only. This makes it incompatible with BPF programs
 *              run on cgroups, which is a cgroup-v2-only feature (a socket can
 *              only hold data for one version of cgroups at a time).
 *
 *              This helper is only available is the kernel was compiled with
 *              the **CONFIG_CGROUP_NET_CLASSID** configuration option set to
 *              "**y**" or to "**m**".
 *      Return
 *              The classid, or 0 for the default unconfigured classid.
 *
 * long bpf_skb_vlan_push(struct sk_buff *skb, __be16 vlan_proto, u16 vlan_tci)
 *      Description
 *              Push a *vlan_tci* (VLAN tag control information) of protocol
 *              *vlan_proto* to the packet associated to *skb*, then update
 *              the checksum. Note that if *vlan_proto* is different from
 *              **ETH_P_8021Q** and **ETH_P_8021AD**, it is considered to
 *              be **ETH_P_8021Q**.
 *
 *              A call to this helper is susceptible to change the underlying
 *              packet buffer. Therefore, at load time, all checks on pointers
 *              previously done by the verifier are invalidated and must be
 *              performed again, if the helper is used in combination with
 *              direct packet access.
 *      Return
 *              0 on success, or a negative error in case of failure.
 *
 * long bpf_skb_vlan_pop(struct sk_buff *skb)
 *      Description
 *              Pop a VLAN header from the packet associated to *skb*.
 *
 *              A call to this helper is susceptible to change the underlying
 *              packet buffer. Therefore, at load time, all checks on pointers
 *              previously done by the verifier are invalidated and must be
 *              performed again, if the helper is used in combination with
 *              direct packet access.
 *      Return
 *              0 on success, or a negative error in case of failure.
 *
 * long bpf_skb_get_tunnel_key(struct sk_buff *skb, struct bpf_tunnel_key *key, u32 size, u64 flags)
 *      Description
 *              Get tunnel metadata. This helper takes a pointer *key* to an
 *              empty **struct bpf_tunnel_key** of **size**, that will be
 *              filled with tunnel metadata for the packet associated to *skb*.
 *              The *flags* can be set to **BPF_F_TUNINFO_IPV6**, which
 *              indicates that the tunnel is based on IPv6 protocol instead of
 *              IPv4.
 *
 *              The **struct bpf_tunnel_key** is an object that generalizes the
 *              principal parameters used by various tunneling protocols into a
 *              single struct. This way, it can be used to easily make a
 *              decision based on the contents of the encapsulation header,
 *              "summarized" in this struct. In particular, it holds the IP
 *              address of the remote end (IPv4 or IPv6, depending on the case)
 *              in *key*\ **->remote_ipv4** or *key*\ **->remote_ipv6**. Also,
 *              this struct exposes the *key*\ **->tunnel_id**, which is
 *              generally mapped to a VNI (Virtual Network Identifier), making
 *              it programmable together with the **bpf_skb_set_tunnel_key**\
 *              () helper.
 *
 *              Let's imagine that the following code is part of a program
 *              attached to the TC ingress interface, on one end of a GRE
 *              tunnel, and is supposed to filter out all messages coming from
 *              remote ends with IPv4 address other than 10.0.0.1:
 *
 *              ::
 *
 *                      int ret;
 *                      struct bpf_tunnel_key key = {};
 *
 *                      ret = bpf_skb_get_tunnel_key(skb, &key, sizeof(key), 0);
 *                      if (ret < 0)
 *                              return TC_ACT_SHOT;     // drop packet
 *
 *                      if (key.remote_ipv4 != 0x0a000001)
 *                              return TC_ACT_SHOT;     // drop packet
 *
 *                      return TC_ACT_OK;               // accept packet
 *
 *              This interface can also be used with all encapsulation devices
 *              that can operate in "collect metadata" mode: instead of having
 *              one network device per specific configuration, the "collect
 *              metadata" mode only requires a single device where the
 *              configuration can be extracted from this helper.
 *
 *              This can be used together with various tunnels such as VXLan,
 *              Geneve, GRE or IP in IP (IPIP).
 *      Return
 *              0 on success, or a negative error in case of failure.
 *
 * long bpf_skb_set_tunnel_key(struct sk_buff *skb, struct bpf_tunnel_key *key, u32 size, u64 flags)
 *      Description
 *              Populate tunnel metadata for packet associated to *skb.* The
 *              tunnel metadata is set to the contents of *key*, of *size*. The
 *              *flags* can be set to a combination of the following values:
 *
 *              **BPF_F_TUNINFO_IPV6**
 *                      Indicate that the tunnel is based on IPv6 protocol
 *                      instead of IPv4.
 *              **BPF_F_ZERO_CSUM_TX**
 *                      For IPv4 packets, add a flag to tunnel metadata
 *                      indicating that checksum computation should be skipped
 *                      and checksum set to zeroes.
 *              **BPF_F_DONT_FRAGMENT**
 *                      Add a flag to tunnel metadata indicating that the
 *                      packet should not be fragmented.
 *              **BPF_F_SEQ_NUMBER**
 *                      Add a flag to tunnel metadata indicating that a
 *                      sequence number should be added to tunnel header before
 *                      sending the packet. This flag was added for GRE
 *                      encapsulation, but might be used with other protocols
 *                      as well in the future.
 *
 *              Here is a typical usage on the transmit path:
 *
 *              ::
 *
 *                      struct bpf_tunnel_key key;
 *                           populate key ...
 *                      bpf_skb_set_tunnel_key(skb, &key, sizeof(key), 0);
 *                      bpf_clone_redirect(skb, vxlan_dev_ifindex, 0);
 *
 *              See also the description of the **bpf_skb_get_tunnel_key**\ ()
 *              helper for additional information.
 *      Return
 *              0 on success, or a negative error in case of failure.
 *
 * u64 bpf_perf_event_read(struct bpf_map *map, u64 flags)
 *      Description
 *              Read the value of a perf event counter. This helper relies on a
 *              *map* of type **BPF_MAP_TYPE_PERF_EVENT_ARRAY**. The nature of
 *              the perf event counter is selected when *map* is updated with
 *              perf event file descriptors. The *map* is an array whose size
 *              is the number of available CPUs, and each cell contains a value
 *              relative to one CPU. The value to retrieve is indicated by
 *              *flags*, that contains the index of the CPU to look up, masked
 *              with **BPF_F_INDEX_MASK**. Alternatively, *flags* can be set to
 *              **BPF_F_CURRENT_CPU** to indicate that the value for the
 *              current CPU should be retrieved.
 *
 *              Note that before Linux 4.13, only hardware perf event can be
 *              retrieved.
 *
 *              Also, be aware that the newer helper
 *              **bpf_perf_event_read_value**\ () is recommended over
 *              **bpf_perf_event_read**\ () in general. The latter has some ABI
 *              quirks where error and counter value are used as a return code
 *              (which is wrong to do since ranges may overlap). This issue is
 *              fixed with **bpf_perf_event_read_value**\ (), which at the same
 *              time provides more features over the **bpf_perf_event_read**\
 *              () interface. Please refer to the description of
 *              **bpf_perf_event_read_value**\ () for details.
 *      Return
 *              The value of the perf event counter read from the map, or a
 *              negative error code in case of failure.
 *
 * long bpf_redirect(u32 ifindex, u64 flags)
 *      Description
 *              Redirect the packet to another net device of index *ifindex*.
 *              This helper is somewhat similar to **bpf_clone_redirect**\
 *              (), except that the packet is not cloned, which provides
 *              increased performance.
 *
 *              Except for XDP, both ingress and egress interfaces can be used
 *              for redirection. The **BPF_F_INGRESS** value in *flags* is used
 *              to make the distinction (ingress path is selected if the flag
 *              is present, egress path otherwise). Currently, XDP only
 *              supports redirection to the egress interface, and accepts no
 *              flag at all.
 *
 *              The same effect can also be attained with the more generic
 *              **bpf_redirect_map**\ (), which uses a BPF map to store the
 *              redirect target instead of providing it directly to the helper.
 *      Return
 *              For XDP, the helper returns **XDP_REDIRECT** on success or
 *              **XDP_ABORTED** on error. For other program types, the values
 *              are **TC_ACT_REDIRECT** on success or **TC_ACT_SHOT** on
 *              error.
 *
 * u32 bpf_get_route_realm(struct sk_buff *skb)
 *      Description
 *              Retrieve the realm or the route, that is to say the
 *              **tclassid** field of the destination for the *skb*. The
 *              identifier retrieved is a user-provided tag, similar to the
 *              one used with the net_cls cgroup (see description for
 *              **bpf_get_cgroup_classid**\ () helper), but here this tag is
 *              held by a route (a destination entry), not by a task.
 *
 *              Retrieving this identifier works with the clsact TC egress hook
 *              (see also **tc-bpf(8)**), or alternatively on conventional
 *              classful egress qdiscs, but not on TC ingress path. In case of
 *              clsact TC egress hook, this has the advantage that, internally,
 *              the destination entry has not been dropped yet in the transmit
 *              path. Therefore, the destination entry does not need to be
 *              artificially held via **netif_keep_dst**\ () for a classful
 *              qdisc until the *skb* is freed.
 *
 *              This helper is available only if the kernel was compiled with
 *              **CONFIG_IP_ROUTE_CLASSID** configuration option.
 *      Return
 *              The realm of the route for the packet associated to *skb*, or 0
 *              if none was found.
 *
 * long bpf_perf_event_output(void *ctx, struct bpf_map *map, u64 flags, void *data, u64 size)
 *      Description
 *              Write raw *data* blob into a special BPF perf event held by
 *              *map* of type **BPF_MAP_TYPE_PERF_EVENT_ARRAY**. This perf
 *              event must have the following attributes: **PERF_SAMPLE_RAW**
 *              as **sample_type**, **PERF_TYPE_SOFTWARE** as **type**, and
 *              **PERF_COUNT_SW_BPF_OUTPUT** as **config**.
 *
 *              The *flags* are used to indicate the index in *map* for which
 *              the value must be put, masked with **BPF_F_INDEX_MASK**.
 *              Alternatively, *flags* can be set to **BPF_F_CURRENT_CPU**
 *              to indicate that the index of the current CPU core should be
 *              used.
 *
 *              The value to write, of *size*, is passed through eBPF stack and
 *              pointed by *data*.
 *
 *              The context of the program *ctx* needs also be passed to the
 *              helper.
 *
 *              On user space, a program willing to read the values needs to
 *              call **perf_event_open**\ () on the perf event (either for
 *              one or for all CPUs) and to store the file descriptor into the
 *              *map*. This must be done before the eBPF program can send data
 *              into it. An example is available in file
 *              *samples/bpf/trace_output_user.c* in the Linux kernel source
 *              tree (the eBPF program counterpart is in
 *              *samples/bpf/trace_output_kern.c*).
 *
 *              **bpf_perf_event_output**\ () achieves better performance
 *              than **bpf_trace_printk**\ () for sharing data with user
 *              space, and is much better suitable for streaming data from eBPF
 *              programs.
 *
 *              Note that this helper is not restricted to tracing use cases
 *              and can be used with programs attached to TC or XDP as well,
 *              where it allows for passing data to user space listeners. Data
 *              can be:
 *
 *              * Only custom structs,
 *              * Only the packet payload, or
 *              * A combination of both.
 *      Return
 *              0 on success, or a negative error in case of failure.
 *
 * long bpf_skb_load_bytes(const void *skb, u32 offset, void *to, u32 len)
 *      Description
 *              This helper was provided as an easy way to load data from a
 *              packet. It can be used to load *len* bytes from *offset* from
 *              the packet associated to *skb*, into the buffer pointed by
 *              *to*.
 *
 *              Since Linux 4.7, usage of this helper has mostly been replaced
 *              by "direct packet access", enabling packet data to be
 *              manipulated with *skb*\ **->data** and *skb*\ **->data_end**
 *              pointing respectively to the first byte of packet data and to
 *              the byte after the last byte of packet data. However, it
 *              remains useful if one wishes to read large quantities of data
 *              at once from a packet into the eBPF stack.
 *      Return
 *              0 on success, or a negative error in case of failure.
 *
 * long bpf_get_stackid(void *ctx, struct bpf_map *map, u64 flags)
 *      Description
 *              Walk a user or a kernel stack and return its id. To achieve
 *              this, the helper needs *ctx*, which is a pointer to the context
 *              on which the tracing program is executed, and a pointer to a
 *              *map* of type **BPF_MAP_TYPE_STACK_TRACE**.
 *
 *              The last argument, *flags*, holds the number of stack frames to
 *              skip (from 0 to 255), masked with
 *              **BPF_F_SKIP_FIELD_MASK**. The next bits can be used to set
 *              a combination of the following flags:
 *
 *              **BPF_F_USER_STACK**
 *                      Collect a user space stack instead of a kernel stack.
 *              **BPF_F_FAST_STACK_CMP**
 *                      Compare stacks by hash only.
 *              **BPF_F_REUSE_STACKID**
 *                      If two different stacks hash into the same *stackid*,
 *                      discard the old one.
 *
 *              The stack id retrieved is a 32 bit long integer handle which
 *              can be further combined with other data (including other stack
 *              ids) and used as a key into maps. This can be useful for
 *              generating a variety of graphs (such as flame graphs or off-cpu
 *              graphs).
 *
 *              For walking a stack, this helper is an improvement over
 *              **bpf_probe_read**\ (), which can be used with unrolled loops
 *              but is not efficient and consumes a lot of eBPF instructions.
 *              Instead, **bpf_get_stackid**\ () can collect up to
 *              **PERF_MAX_STACK_DEPTH** both kernel and user frames. Note that
 *              this limit can be controlled with the **sysctl** program, and
 *              that it should be manually increased in order to profile long
 *              user stacks (such as stacks for Java programs). To do so, use:
 *
 *              ::
 *
 *                      # sysctl kernel.perf_event_max_stack=<new value>
 *      Return
 *              The positive or null stack id on success, or a negative error
 *              in case of failure.
 *
 * s64 bpf_csum_diff(__be32 *from, u32 from_size, __be32 *to, u32 to_size, __wsum seed)
 *      Description
 *              Compute a checksum difference, from the raw buffer pointed by
 *              *from*, of length *from_size* (that must be a multiple of 4),
 *              towards the raw buffer pointed by *to*, of size *to_size*
 *              (same remark). An optional *seed* can be added to the value
 *              (this can be cascaded, the seed may come from a previous call
 *              to the helper).
 *
 *              This is flexible enough to be used in several ways:
 *
 *              * With *from_size* == 0, *to_size* > 0 and *seed* set to
 *                checksum, it can be used when pushing new data.
 *              * With *from_size* > 0, *to_size* == 0 and *seed* set to
 *                checksum, it can be used when removing data from a packet.
 *              * With *from_size* > 0, *to_size* > 0 and *seed* set to 0, it
 *                can be used to compute a diff. Note that *from_size* and
 *                *to_size* do not need to be equal.
 *
 *              This helper can be used in combination with
 *              **bpf_l3_csum_replace**\ () and **bpf_l4_csum_replace**\ (), to
 *              which one can feed in the difference computed with
 *              **bpf_csum_diff**\ ().
 *      Return
 *              The checksum result, or a negative error code in case of
 *              failure.
 *
 * long bpf_skb_get_tunnel_opt(struct sk_buff *skb, void *opt, u32 size)
 *      Description
 *              Retrieve tunnel options metadata for the packet associated to
 *              *skb*, and store the raw tunnel option data to the buffer *opt*
 *              of *size*.
 *
 *              This helper can be used with encapsulation devices that can
 *              operate in "collect metadata" mode (please refer to the related
 *              note in the description of **bpf_skb_get_tunnel_key**\ () for
 *              more details). A particular example where this can be used is
 *              in combination with the Geneve encapsulation protocol, where it
 *              allows for pushing (with **bpf_skb_get_tunnel_opt**\ () helper)
 *              and retrieving arbitrary TLVs (Type-Length-Value headers) from
 *              the eBPF program. This allows for full customization of these
 *              headers.
 *      Return
 *              The size of the option data retrieved.
 *
 * long bpf_skb_set_tunnel_opt(struct sk_buff *skb, void *opt, u32 size)
 *      Description
 *              Set tunnel options metadata for the packet associated to *skb*
 *              to the option data contained in the raw buffer *opt* of *size*.
 *
 *              See also the description of the **bpf_skb_get_tunnel_opt**\ ()
 *              helper for additional information.
 *      Return
 *              0 on success, or a negative error in case of failure.
 *
 * long bpf_skb_change_proto(struct sk_buff *skb, __be16 proto, u64 flags)
 *      Description
 *              Change the protocol of the *skb* to *proto*. Currently
 *              supported are transition from IPv4 to IPv6, and from IPv6 to
 *              IPv4. The helper takes care of the groundwork for the
 *              transition, including resizing the socket buffer. The eBPF
 *              program is expected to fill the new headers, if any, via
 *              **skb_store_bytes**\ () and to recompute the checksums with
 *              **bpf_l3_csum_replace**\ () and **bpf_l4_csum_replace**\
 *              (). The main case for this helper is to perform NAT64
 *              operations out of an eBPF program.
 *
 *              Internally, the GSO type is marked as dodgy so that headers are
 *              checked and segments are recalculated by the GSO/GRO engine.
 *              The size for GSO target is adapted as well.
 *
 *              All values for *flags* are reserved for future usage, and must
 *              be left at zero.
 *
 *              A call to this helper is susceptible to change the underlying
 *              packet buffer. Therefore, at load time, all checks on pointers
 *              previously done by the verifier are invalidated and must be
 *              performed again, if the helper is used in combination with
 *              direct packet access.
 *      Return
 *              0 on success, or a negative error in case of failure.
 *
 * long bpf_skb_change_type(struct sk_buff *skb, u32 type)
 *      Description
 *              Change the packet type for the packet associated to *skb*. This
 *              comes down to setting *skb*\ **->pkt_type** to *type*, except
 *              the eBPF program does not have a write access to *skb*\
 *              **->pkt_type** beside this helper. Using a helper here allows
 *              for graceful handling of errors.
 *
 *              The major use case is to change incoming *skb*s to
 *              **PACKET_HOST** in a programmatic way instead of having to
 *              recirculate via **redirect**\ (..., **BPF_F_INGRESS**), for
 *              example.
 *
 *              Note that *type* only allows certain values. At this time, they
 *              are:
 *
 *              **PACKET_HOST**
 *                      Packet is for us.
 *              **PACKET_BROADCAST**
 *                      Send packet to all.
 *              **PACKET_MULTICAST**
 *                      Send packet to group.
 *              **PACKET_OTHERHOST**
 *                      Send packet to someone else.
 *      Return
 *              0 on success, or a negative error in case of failure.
 *
 * long bpf_skb_under_cgroup(struct sk_buff *skb, struct bpf_map *map, u32 index)
 *      Description
 *              Check whether *skb* is a descendant of the cgroup2 held by
 *              *map* of type **BPF_MAP_TYPE_CGROUP_ARRAY**, at *index*.
 *      Return
 *              The return value depends on the result of the test, and can be:
 *
 *              * 0, if the *skb* failed the cgroup2 descendant test.
 *              * 1, if the *skb* succeeded the cgroup2 descendant test.
 *              * A negative error code, if an error occurred.
 *
 * u32 bpf_get_hash_recalc(struct sk_buff *skb)
 *      Description
 *              Retrieve the hash of the packet, *skb*\ **->hash**. If it is
 *              not set, in particular if the hash was cleared due to mangling,
 *              recompute this hash. Later accesses to the hash can be done
 *              directly with *skb*\ **->hash**.
 *
 *              Calling **bpf_set_hash_invalid**\ (), changing a packet
 *              prototype with **bpf_skb_change_proto**\ (), or calling
 *              **bpf_skb_store_bytes**\ () with the
 *              **BPF_F_INVALIDATE_HASH** are actions susceptible to clear
 *              the hash and to trigger a new computation for the next call to
 *              **bpf_get_hash_recalc**\ ().
 *      Return
 *              The 32-bit hash.
 *
 * u64 bpf_get_current_task(void)
 *      Description
 *              Get the current task.
 *      Return
 *              A pointer to the current task struct.
 *
 * long bpf_probe_write_user(void *dst, const void *src, u32 len)
 *      Description
 *              Attempt in a safe way to write *len* bytes from the buffer
 *              *src* to *dst* in memory. It only works for threads that are in
 *              user context, and *dst* must be a valid user space address.
 *
 *              This helper should not be used to implement any kind of
 *              security mechanism because of TOC-TOU attacks, but rather to
 *              debug, divert, and manipulate execution of semi-cooperative
 *              processes.
 *
 *              Keep in mind that this feature is meant for experiments, and it
 *              has a risk of crashing the system and running programs.
 *              Therefore, when an eBPF program using this helper is attached,
 *              a warning including PID and process name is printed to kernel
 *              logs.
 *      Return
 *              0 on success, or a negative error in case of failure.
 *
 * long bpf_current_task_under_cgroup(struct bpf_map *map, u32 index)
 *      Description
 *              Check whether the probe is being run is the context of a given
 *              subset of the cgroup2 hierarchy. The cgroup2 to test is held by
 *              *map* of type **BPF_MAP_TYPE_CGROUP_ARRAY**, at *index*.
 *      Return
 *              The return value depends on the result of the test, and can be:
 *
 *              * 1, if current task belongs to the cgroup2.
 *              * 0, if current task does not belong to the cgroup2.
 *              * A negative error code, if an error occurred.
 *
 * long bpf_skb_change_tail(struct sk_buff *skb, u32 len, u64 flags)
 *      Description
 *              Resize (trim or grow) the packet associated to *skb* to the
 *              new *len*. The *flags* are reserved for future usage, and must
 *              be left at zero.
 *
 *              The basic idea is that the helper performs the needed work to
 *              change the size of the packet, then the eBPF program rewrites
 *              the rest via helpers like **bpf_skb_store_bytes**\ (),
 *              **bpf_l3_csum_replace**\ (), **bpf_l3_csum_replace**\ ()
 *              and others. This helper is a slow path utility intended for
 *              replies with control messages. And because it is targeted for
 *              slow path, the helper itself can afford to be slow: it
 *              implicitly linearizes, unclones and drops offloads from the
 *              *skb*.
 *
 *              A call to this helper is susceptible to change the underlying
 *              packet buffer. Therefore, at load time, all checks on pointers
 *              previously done by the verifier are invalidated and must be
 *              performed again, if the helper is used in combination with
 *              direct packet access.
 *      Return
 *              0 on success, or a negative error in case of failure.
 *
 * long bpf_skb_pull_data(struct sk_buff *skb, u32 len)
 *      Description
 *              Pull in non-linear data in case the *skb* is non-linear and not
 *              all of *len* are part of the linear section. Make *len* bytes
 *              from *skb* readable and writable. If a zero value is passed for
 *              *len*, then all bytes in the linear part of *skb* will be made
 *              readable and writable.
 *
 *              This helper is only needed for reading and writing with direct
 *              packet access.
 *
 *              For direct packet access, testing that offsets to access
 *              are within packet boundaries (test on *skb*\ **->data_end**) is
 *              susceptible to fail if offsets are invalid, or if the requested
 *              data is in non-linear parts of the *skb*. On failure the
 *              program can just bail out, or in the case of a non-linear
 *              buffer, use a helper to make the data available. The
 *              **bpf_skb_load_bytes**\ () helper is a first solution to access
 *              the data. Another one consists in using **bpf_skb_pull_data**
 *              to pull in once the non-linear parts, then retesting and
 *              eventually access the data.
 *
 *              At the same time, this also makes sure the *skb* is uncloned,
 *              which is a necessary condition for direct write. As this needs
 *              to be an invariant for the write part only, the verifier
 *              detects writes and adds a prologue that is calling
 *              **bpf_skb_pull_data()** to effectively unclone the *skb* from
 *              the very beginning in case it is indeed cloned.
 *
 *              A call to this helper is susceptible to change the underlying
 *              packet buffer. Therefore, at load time, all checks on pointers
 *              previously done by the verifier are invalidated and must be
 *              performed again, if the helper is used in combination with
 *              direct packet access.
 *      Return
 *              0 on success, or a negative error in case of failure.
 *
 * s64 bpf_csum_update(struct sk_buff *skb, __wsum csum)
 *      Description
 *              Add the checksum *csum* into *skb*\ **->csum** in case the
 *              driver has supplied a checksum for the entire packet into that
 *              field. Return an error otherwise. This helper is intended to be
 *              used in combination with **bpf_csum_diff**\ (), in particular
 *              when the checksum needs to be updated after data has been
 *              written into the packet through direct packet access.
 *      Return
 *              The checksum on success, or a negative error code in case of
 *              failure.
 *
 * void bpf_set_hash_invalid(struct sk_buff *skb)
 *      Description
 *              Invalidate the current *skb*\ **->hash**. It can be used after
 *              mangling on headers through direct packet access, in order to
 *              indicate that the hash is outdated and to trigger a
 *              recalculation the next time the kernel tries to access this
 *              hash or when the **bpf_get_hash_recalc**\ () helper is called.
 *      Return
 *              void.
 *
 * long bpf_get_numa_node_id(void)
 *      Description
 *              Return the id of the current NUMA node. The primary use case
 *              for this helper is the selection of sockets for the local NUMA
 *              node, when the program is attached to sockets using the
 *              **SO_ATTACH_REUSEPORT_EBPF** option (see also **socket(7)**),
 *              but the helper is also available to other eBPF program types,
 *              similarly to **bpf_get_smp_processor_id**\ ().
 *      Return
 *              The id of current NUMA node.
 *
 * long bpf_skb_change_head(struct sk_buff *skb, u32 len, u64 flags)
 *      Description
 *              Grows headroom of packet associated to *skb* and adjusts the
 *              offset of the MAC header accordingly, adding *len* bytes of
 *              space. It automatically extends and reallocates memory as
 *              required.
 *
 *              This helper can be used on a layer 3 *skb* to push a MAC header
 *              for redirection into a layer 2 device.
 *
 *              All values for *flags* are reserved for future usage, and must
 *              be left at zero.
 *
 *              A call to this helper is susceptible to change the underlying
 *              packet buffer. Therefore, at load time, all checks on pointers
 *              previously done by the verifier are invalidated and must be
 *              performed again, if the helper is used in combination with
 *              direct packet access.
 *      Return
 *              0 on success, or a negative error in case of failure.
 *
 * long bpf_xdp_adjust_head(struct xdp_buff *xdp_md, int delta)
 *      Description
 *              Adjust (move) *xdp_md*\ **->data** by *delta* bytes. Note that
 *              it is possible to use a negative value for *delta*. This helper
 *              can be used to prepare the packet for pushing or popping
 *              headers.
 *
 *              A call to this helper is susceptible to change the underlying
 *              packet buffer. Therefore, at load time, all checks on pointers
 *              previously done by the verifier are invalidated and must be
 *              performed again, if the helper is used in combination with
 *              direct packet access.
 *      Return
 *              0 on success, or a negative error in case of failure.
 *
 * long bpf_probe_read_str(void *dst, u32 size, const void *unsafe_ptr)
 *      Description
 *              Copy a NUL terminated string from an unsafe kernel address
 *              *unsafe_ptr* to *dst*. See **bpf_probe_read_kernel_str**\ () for
 *              more details.
 *
 *              Generally, use **bpf_probe_read_user_str**\ () or
 *              **bpf_probe_read_kernel_str**\ () instead.
 *      Return
 *              On success, the strictly positive length of the string,
 *              including the trailing NUL character. On error, a negative
 *              value.
 *
 * u64 bpf_get_socket_cookie(struct sk_buff *skb)
 *      Description
 *              If the **struct sk_buff** pointed by *skb* has a known socket,
 *              retrieve the cookie (generated by the kernel) of this socket.
 *              If no cookie has been set yet, generate a new cookie. Once
 *              generated, the socket cookie remains stable for the life of the
 *              socket. This helper can be useful for monitoring per socket
 *              networking traffic statistics as it provides a global socket
 *              identifier that can be assumed unique.
 *      Return
 *              A 8-byte long unique number on success, or 0 if the socket
 *              field is missing inside *skb*.
 *
 * u64 bpf_get_socket_cookie(struct bpf_sock_addr *ctx)
 *      Description
 *              Equivalent to bpf_get_socket_cookie() helper that accepts
 *              *skb*, but gets socket from **struct bpf_sock_addr** context.
 *      Return
 *              A 8-byte long unique number.
 *
 * u64 bpf_get_socket_cookie(struct bpf_sock_ops *ctx)
 *      Description
 *              Equivalent to **bpf_get_socket_cookie**\ () helper that accepts
 *              *skb*, but gets socket from **struct bpf_sock_ops** context.
 *      Return
 *              A 8-byte long unique number.
 *
 * u64 bpf_get_socket_cookie(struct sock *sk)
 *      Description
 *              Equivalent to **bpf_get_socket_cookie**\ () helper that accepts
 *              *sk*, but gets socket from a BTF **struct sock**. This helper
 *              also works for sleepable programs.
 *      Return
 *              A 8-byte long unique number or 0 if *sk* is NULL.
 *
 * u32 bpf_get_socket_uid(struct sk_buff *skb)
 *      Description
 *              Get the owner UID of the socked associated to *skb*.
 *      Return
 *              The owner UID of the socket associated to *skb*. If the socket
 *              is **NULL**, or if it is not a full socket (i.e. if it is a
 *              time-wait or a request socket instead), **overflowuid** value
 *              is returned (note that **overflowuid** might also be the actual
 *              UID value for the socket).
 *
 * long bpf_set_hash(struct sk_buff *skb, u32 hash)
 *      Description
 *              Set the full hash for *skb* (set the field *skb*\ **->hash**)
 *              to value *hash*.
 *      Return
 *              0
 *
 * long bpf_setsockopt(void *bpf_socket, int level, int optname, void *optval, int optlen)
 *      Description
 *              Emulate a call to **setsockopt()** on the socket associated to
 *              *bpf_socket*, which must be a full socket. The *level* at
 *              which the option resides and the name *optname* of the option
 *              must be specified, see **setsockopt(2)** for more information.
 *              The option value of length *optlen* is pointed by *optval*.
 *
 *              *bpf_socket* should be one of the following:
 *
 *              * **struct bpf_sock_ops** for **BPF_PROG_TYPE_SOCK_OPS**.
 *              * **struct bpf_sock_addr** for **BPF_CGROUP_INET4_CONNECT**
 *                and **BPF_CGROUP_INET6_CONNECT**.
 *
 *              This helper actually implements a subset of **setsockopt()**.
 *              It supports the following *level*\ s:
 *
 *              * **SOL_SOCKET**, which supports the following *optname*\ s:
 *                **SO_RCVBUF**, **SO_SNDBUF**, **SO_MAX_PACING_RATE**,
 *                **SO_PRIORITY**, **SO_RCVLOWAT**, **SO_MARK**,
 *                **SO_BINDTODEVICE**, **SO_KEEPALIVE**.
 *              * **IPPROTO_TCP**, which supports the following *optname*\ s:
 *                **TCP_CONGESTION**, **TCP_BPF_IW**,
 *                **TCP_BPF_SNDCWND_CLAMP**, **TCP_SAVE_SYN**,
 *                **TCP_KEEPIDLE**, **TCP_KEEPINTVL**, **TCP_KEEPCNT**,
 *                **TCP_SYNCNT**, **TCP_USER_TIMEOUT**, **TCP_NOTSENT_LOWAT**.
 *              * **IPPROTO_IP**, which supports *optname* **IP_TOS**.
 *              * **IPPROTO_IPV6**, which supports *optname* **IPV6_TCLASS**.
 *      Return
 *              0 on success, or a negative error in case of failure.
 *
 * long bpf_skb_adjust_room(struct sk_buff *skb, s32 len_diff, u32 mode, u64 flags)
 *      Description
 *              Grow or shrink the room for data in the packet associated to
 *              *skb* by *len_diff*, and according to the selected *mode*.
 *
 *              By default, the helper will reset any offloaded checksum
 *              indicator of the skb to CHECKSUM_NONE. This can be avoided
 *              by the following flag:
 *
 *              * **BPF_F_ADJ_ROOM_NO_CSUM_RESET**: Do not reset offloaded
 *                checksum data of the skb to CHECKSUM_NONE.
 *
 *              There are two supported modes at this time:
 *
 *              * **BPF_ADJ_ROOM_MAC**: Adjust room at the mac layer
 *                (room space is added or removed between the layer 2 and
 *                layer 3 headers).
 *
 *              * **BPF_ADJ_ROOM_NET**: Adjust room at the network layer
 *                (room space is added or removed between the layer 3 and
 *                layer 4 headers).
 *
 *              The following flags are supported at this time:
 *
 *              * **BPF_F_ADJ_ROOM_FIXED_GSO**: Do not adjust gso_size.
 *                Adjusting mss in this way is not allowed for datagrams.
 *
 *              * **BPF_F_ADJ_ROOM_ENCAP_L3_IPV4**,
 *                **BPF_F_ADJ_ROOM_ENCAP_L3_IPV6**:
 *                Any new space is reserved to hold a tunnel header.
 *                Configure skb offsets and other fields accordingly.
 *
 *              * **BPF_F_ADJ_ROOM_ENCAP_L4_GRE**,
 *                **BPF_F_ADJ_ROOM_ENCAP_L4_UDP**:
 *                Use with ENCAP_L3 flags to further specify the tunnel type.
 *
 *              * **BPF_F_ADJ_ROOM_ENCAP_L2**\ (*len*):
 *                Use with ENCAP_L3/L4 flags to further specify the tunnel
 *                type; *len* is the length of the inner MAC header.
 *
 *              * **BPF_F_ADJ_ROOM_ENCAP_L2_ETH**:
 *                Use with BPF_F_ADJ_ROOM_ENCAP_L2 flag to further specify the
 *                L2 type as Ethernet.
 *
 *              A call to this helper is susceptible to change the underlying
 *              packet buffer. Therefore, at load time, all checks on pointers
 *              previously done by the verifier are invalidated and must be
 *              performed again, if the helper is used in combination with
 *              direct packet access.
 *      Return
 *              0 on success, or a negative error in case of failure.
 *
 * long bpf_redirect_map(struct bpf_map *map, u32 key, u64 flags)
 *      Description
 *              Redirect the packet to the endpoint referenced by *map* at
 *              index *key*. Depending on its type, this *map* can contain
 *              references to net devices (for forwarding packets through other
 *              ports), or to CPUs (for redirecting XDP frames to another CPU;
 *              but this is only implemented for native XDP (with driver
 *              support) as of this writing).
 *
 *              The lower two bits of *flags* are used as the return code if
 *              the map lookup fails. This is so that the return value can be
 *              one of the XDP program return codes up to **XDP_TX**, as chosen
 *              by the caller. The higher bits of *flags* can be set to
 *              BPF_F_BROADCAST or BPF_F_EXCLUDE_INGRESS as defined below.
 *
 *              With BPF_F_BROADCAST the packet will be broadcasted to all the
 *              interfaces in the map, with BPF_F_EXCLUDE_INGRESS the ingress
 *              interface will be excluded when do broadcasting.
 *
 *              See also **bpf_redirect**\ (), which only supports redirecting
 *              to an ifindex, but doesn't require a map to do so.
 *      Return
 *              **XDP_REDIRECT** on success, or the value of the two lower bits
 *              of the *flags* argument on error.
 *
 * long bpf_sk_redirect_map(struct sk_buff *skb, struct bpf_map *map, u32 key, u64 flags)
 *      Description
 *              Redirect the packet to the socket referenced by *map* (of type
 *              **BPF_MAP_TYPE_SOCKMAP**) at index *key*. Both ingress and
 *              egress interfaces can be used for redirection. The
 *              **BPF_F_INGRESS** value in *flags* is used to make the
 *              distinction (ingress path is selected if the flag is present,
 *              egress path otherwise). This is the only flag supported for now.
 *      Return
 *              **SK_PASS** on success, or **SK_DROP** on error.
 *
 * long bpf_sock_map_update(struct bpf_sock_ops *skops, struct bpf_map *map, void *key, u64 flags)
 *      Description
 *              Add an entry to, or update a *map* referencing sockets. The
 *              *skops* is used as a new value for the entry associated to
 *              *key*. *flags* is one of:
 *
 *              **BPF_NOEXIST**
 *                      The entry for *key* must not exist in the map.
 *              **BPF_EXIST**
 *                      The entry for *key* must already exist in the map.
 *              **BPF_ANY**
 *                      No condition on the existence of the entry for *key*.
 *
 *              If the *map* has eBPF programs (parser and verdict), those will
 *              be inherited by the socket being added. If the socket is
 *              already attached to eBPF programs, this results in an error.
 *      Return
 *              0 on success, or a negative error in case of failure.
 *
 * long bpf_xdp_adjust_meta(struct xdp_buff *xdp_md, int delta)
 *      Description
 *              Adjust the address pointed by *xdp_md*\ **->data_meta** by
 *              *delta* (which can be positive or negative). Note that this
 *              operation modifies the address stored in *xdp_md*\ **->data**,
 *              so the latter must be loaded only after the helper has been
 *              called.
 *
 *              The use of *xdp_md*\ **->data_meta** is optional and programs
 *              are not required to use it. The rationale is that when the
 *              packet is processed with XDP (e.g. as DoS filter), it is
 *              possible to push further meta data along with it before passing
 *              to the stack, and to give the guarantee that an ingress eBPF
 *              program attached as a TC classifier on the same device can pick
 *              this up for further post-processing. Since TC works with socket
 *              buffers, it remains possible to set from XDP the **mark** or
 *              **priority** pointers, or other pointers for the socket buffer.
 *              Having this scratch space generic and programmable allows for
 *              more flexibility as the user is free to store whatever meta
 *              data they need.
 *
 *              A call to this helper is susceptible to change the underlying
 *              packet buffer. Therefore, at load time, all checks on pointers
 *              previously done by the verifier are invalidated and must be
 *              performed again, if the helper is used in combination with
 *              direct packet access.
 *      Return
 *              0 on success, or a negative error in case of failure.
 *
 * long bpf_perf_event_read_value(struct bpf_map *map, u64 flags, struct bpf_perf_event_value *buf, u32 buf_size)
 *      Description
 *              Read the value of a perf event counter, and store it into *buf*
 *              of size *buf_size*. This helper relies on a *map* of type
 *              **BPF_MAP_TYPE_PERF_EVENT_ARRAY**. The nature of the perf event
 *              counter is selected when *map* is updated with perf event file
 *              descriptors. The *map* is an array whose size is the number of
 *              available CPUs, and each cell contains a value relative to one
 *              CPU. The value to retrieve is indicated by *flags*, that
 *              contains the index of the CPU to look up, masked with
 *              **BPF_F_INDEX_MASK**. Alternatively, *flags* can be set to
 *              **BPF_F_CURRENT_CPU** to indicate that the value for the
 *              current CPU should be retrieved.
 *
 *              This helper behaves in a way close to
 *              **bpf_perf_event_read**\ () helper, save that instead of
 *              just returning the value observed, it fills the *buf*
 *              structure. This allows for additional data to be retrieved: in
 *              particular, the enabled and running times (in *buf*\
 *              **->enabled** and *buf*\ **->running**, respectively) are
 *              copied. In general, **bpf_perf_event_read_value**\ () is
 *              recommended over **bpf_perf_event_read**\ (), which has some
 *              ABI issues and provides fewer functionalities.
 *
 *              These values are interesting, because hardware PMU (Performance
 *              Monitoring Unit) counters are limited resources. When there are
 *              more PMU based perf events opened than available counters,
 *              kernel will multiplex these events so each event gets certain
 *              percentage (but not all) of the PMU time. In case that
 *              multiplexing happens, the number of samples or counter value
 *              will not reflect the case compared to when no multiplexing
 *              occurs. This makes comparison between different runs difficult.
 *              Typically, the counter value should be normalized before
 *              comparing to other experiments. The usual normalization is done
 *              as follows.
 *
 *              ::
 *
 *                      normalized_counter = counter * t_enabled / t_running
 *
 *              Where t_enabled is the time enabled for event and t_running is
 *              the time running for event since last normalization. The
 *              enabled and running times are accumulated since the perf event
 *              open. To achieve scaling factor between two invocations of an
 *              eBPF program, users can use CPU id as the key (which is
 *              typical for perf array usage model) to remember the previous
 *              value and do the calculation inside the eBPF program.
 *      Return
 *              0 on success, or a negative error in case of failure.
 *
 * long bpf_perf_prog_read_value(struct bpf_perf_event_data *ctx, struct bpf_perf_event_value *buf, u32 buf_size)
 *      Description
 *              For en eBPF program attached to a perf event, retrieve the
 *              value of the event counter associated to *ctx* and store it in
 *              the structure pointed by *buf* and of size *buf_size*. Enabled
 *              and running times are also stored in the structure (see
 *              description of helper **bpf_perf_event_read_value**\ () for
 *              more details).
 *      Return
 *              0 on success, or a negative error in case of failure.
 *
 * long bpf_getsockopt(void *bpf_socket, int level, int optname, void *optval, int optlen)
 *      Description
 *              Emulate a call to **getsockopt()** on the socket associated to
 *              *bpf_socket*, which must be a full socket. The *level* at
 *              which the option resides and the name *optname* of the option
 *              must be specified, see **getsockopt(2)** for more information.
 *              The retrieved value is stored in the structure pointed by
 *              *opval* and of length *optlen*.
 *
 *              *bpf_socket* should be one of the following:
 *
 *              * **struct bpf_sock_ops** for **BPF_PROG_TYPE_SOCK_OPS**.
 *              * **struct bpf_sock_addr** for **BPF_CGROUP_INET4_CONNECT**
 *                and **BPF_CGROUP_INET6_CONNECT**.
 *
 *              This helper actually implements a subset of **getsockopt()**.
 *              It supports the following *level*\ s:
 *
 *              * **IPPROTO_TCP**, which supports *optname*
 *                **TCP_CONGESTION**.
 *              * **IPPROTO_IP**, which supports *optname* **IP_TOS**.
 *              * **IPPROTO_IPV6**, which supports *optname* **IPV6_TCLASS**.
 *      Return
 *              0 on success, or a negative error in case of failure.
 *
 * long bpf_override_return(struct pt_regs *regs, u64 rc)
 *      Description
 *              Used for error injection, this helper uses kprobes to override
 *              the return value of the probed function, and to set it to *rc*.
 *              The first argument is the context *regs* on which the kprobe
 *              works.
 *
 *              This helper works by setting the PC (program counter)
 *              to an override function which is run in place of the original
 *              probed function. This means the probed function is not run at
 *              all. The replacement function just returns with the required
 *              value.
 *
 *              This helper has security implications, and thus is subject to
 *              restrictions. It is only available if the kernel was compiled
 *              with the **CONFIG_BPF_KPROBE_OVERRIDE** configuration
 *              option, and in this case it only works on functions tagged with
 *              **ALLOW_ERROR_INJECTION** in the kernel code.
 *
 *              Also, the helper is only available for the architectures having
 *              the CONFIG_FUNCTION_ERROR_INJECTION option. As of this writing,
 *              x86 architecture is the only one to support this feature.
 *      Return
 *              0
 *
 * long bpf_sock_ops_cb_flags_set(struct bpf_sock_ops *bpf_sock, int argval)
 *      Description
 *              Attempt to set the value of the **bpf_sock_ops_cb_flags** field
 *              for the full TCP socket associated to *bpf_sock_ops* to
 *              *argval*.
 *
 *              The primary use of this field is to determine if there should
 *              be calls to eBPF programs of type
 *              **BPF_PROG_TYPE_SOCK_OPS** at various points in the TCP
 *              code. A program of the same type can change its value, per
 *              connection and as necessary, when the connection is
 *              established. This field is directly accessible for reading, but
 *              this helper must be used for updates in order to return an
 *              error if an eBPF program tries to set a callback that is not
 *              supported in the current kernel.
 *
 *              *argval* is a flag array which can combine these flags:
 *
 *              * **BPF_SOCK_OPS_RTO_CB_FLAG** (retransmission time out)
 *              * **BPF_SOCK_OPS_RETRANS_CB_FLAG** (retransmission)
 *              * **BPF_SOCK_OPS_STATE_CB_FLAG** (TCP state change)
 *              * **BPF_SOCK_OPS_RTT_CB_FLAG** (every RTT)
 *
 *              Therefore, this function can be used to clear a callback flag by
 *              setting the appropriate bit to zero. e.g. to disable the RTO
 *              callback:
 *
 *              **bpf_sock_ops_cb_flags_set(bpf_sock,**
 *                      **bpf_sock->bpf_sock_ops_cb_flags & ~BPF_SOCK_OPS_RTO_CB_FLAG)**
 *
 *              Here are some examples of where one could call such eBPF
 *              program:
 *
 *              * When RTO fires.
 *              * When a packet is retransmitted.
 *              * When the connection terminates.
 *              * When a packet is sent.
 *              * When a packet is received.
 *      Return
 *              Code **-EINVAL** if the socket is not a full TCP socket;
 *              otherwise, a positive number containing the bits that could not
 *              be set is returned (which comes down to 0 if all bits were set
 *              as required).
 *
 * long bpf_msg_redirect_map(struct sk_msg_buff *msg, struct bpf_map *map, u32 key, u64 flags)
 *      Description
 *              This helper is used in programs implementing policies at the
 *              socket level. If the message *msg* is allowed to pass (i.e. if
 *              the verdict eBPF program returns **SK_PASS**), redirect it to
 *              the socket referenced by *map* (of type
 *              **BPF_MAP_TYPE_SOCKMAP**) at index *key*. Both ingress and
 *              egress interfaces can be used for redirection. The
 *              **BPF_F_INGRESS** value in *flags* is used to make the
 *              distinction (ingress path is selected if the flag is present,
 *              egress path otherwise). This is the only flag supported for now.
 *      Return
 *              **SK_PASS** on success, or **SK_DROP** on error.
 *
 * long bpf_msg_apply_bytes(struct sk_msg_buff *msg, u32 bytes)
 *      Description
 *              For socket policies, apply the verdict of the eBPF program to
 *              the next *bytes* (number of bytes) of message *msg*.
 *
 *              For example, this helper can be used in the following cases:
 *
 *              * A single **sendmsg**\ () or **sendfile**\ () system call
 *                contains multiple logical messages that the eBPF program is
 *                supposed to read and for which it should apply a verdict.
 *              * An eBPF program only cares to read the first *bytes* of a
 *                *msg*. If the message has a large payload, then setting up
 *                and calling the eBPF program repeatedly for all bytes, even
 *                though the verdict is already known, would create unnecessary
 *                overhead.
 *
 *              When called from within an eBPF program, the helper sets a
 *              counter internal to the BPF infrastructure, that is used to
 *              apply the last verdict to the next *bytes*. If *bytes* is
 *              smaller than the current data being processed from a
 *              **sendmsg**\ () or **sendfile**\ () system call, the first
 *              *bytes* will be sent and the eBPF program will be re-run with
 *              the pointer for start of data pointing to byte number *bytes*
 *              **+ 1**. If *bytes* is larger than the current data being
 *              processed, then the eBPF verdict will be applied to multiple
 *              **sendmsg**\ () or **sendfile**\ () calls until *bytes* are
 *              consumed.
 *
 *              Note that if a socket closes with the internal counter holding
 *              a non-zero value, this is not a problem because data is not
 *              being buffered for *bytes* and is sent as it is received.
 *      Return
 *              0
 *
 * long bpf_msg_cork_bytes(struct sk_msg_buff *msg, u32 bytes)
 *      Description
 *              For socket policies, prevent the execution of the verdict eBPF
 *              program for message *msg* until *bytes* (byte number) have been
 *              accumulated.
 *
 *              This can be used when one needs a specific number of bytes
 *              before a verdict can be assigned, even if the data spans
 *              multiple **sendmsg**\ () or **sendfile**\ () calls. The extreme
 *              case would be a user calling **sendmsg**\ () repeatedly with
 *              1-byte long message segments. Obviously, this is bad for
 *              performance, but it is still valid. If the eBPF program needs
 *              *bytes* bytes to validate a header, this helper can be used to
 *              prevent the eBPF program to be called again until *bytes* have
 *              been accumulated.
 *      Return
 *              0
 *
 * long bpf_msg_pull_data(struct sk_msg_buff *msg, u32 start, u32 end, u64 flags)
 *      Description
 *              For socket policies, pull in non-linear data from user space
 *              for *msg* and set pointers *msg*\ **->data** and *msg*\
 *              **->data_end** to *start* and *end* bytes offsets into *msg*,
 *              respectively.
 *
 *              If a program of type **BPF_PROG_TYPE_SK_MSG** is run on a
 *              *msg* it can only parse data that the (**data**, **data_end**)
 *              pointers have already consumed. For **sendmsg**\ () hooks this
 *              is likely the first scatterlist element. But for calls relying
 *              on the **sendpage** handler (e.g. **sendfile**\ ()) this will
 *              be the range (**0**, **0**) because the data is shared with
 *              user space and by default the objective is to avoid allowing
 *              user space to modify data while (or after) eBPF verdict is
 *              being decided. This helper can be used to pull in data and to
 *              set the start and end pointer to given values. Data will be
 *              copied if necessary (i.e. if data was not linear and if start
 *              and end pointers do not point to the same chunk).
 *
 *              A call to this helper is susceptible to change the underlying
 *              packet buffer. Therefore, at load time, all checks on pointers
 *              previously done by the verifier are invalidated and must be
 *              performed again, if the helper is used in combination with
 *              direct packet access.
 *
 *              All values for *flags* are reserved for future usage, and must
 *              be left at zero.
 *      Return
 *              0 on success, or a negative error in case of failure.
 *
 * long bpf_bind(struct bpf_sock_addr *ctx, struct sockaddr *addr, int addr_len)
 *      Description
 *              Bind the socket associated to *ctx* to the address pointed by
 *              *addr*, of length *addr_len*. This allows for making outgoing
 *              connection from the desired IP address, which can be useful for
 *              example when all processes inside a cgroup should use one
 *              single IP address on a host that has multiple IP configured.
 *
 *              This helper works for IPv4 and IPv6, TCP and UDP sockets. The
 *              domain (*addr*\ **->sa_family**) must be **AF_INET** (or
 *              **AF_INET6**). It's advised to pass zero port (**sin_port**
 *              or **sin6_port**) which triggers IP_BIND_ADDRESS_NO_PORT-like
 *              behavior and lets the kernel efficiently pick up an unused
 *              port as long as 4-tuple is unique. Passing non-zero port might
 *              lead to degraded performance.
 *      Return
 *              0 on success, or a negative error in case of failure.
 *
 * long bpf_xdp_adjust_tail(struct xdp_buff *xdp_md, int delta)
 *      Description
 *              Adjust (move) *xdp_md*\ **->data_end** by *delta* bytes. It is
 *              possible to both shrink and grow the packet tail.
 *              Shrink done via *delta* being a negative integer.
 *
 *              A call to this helper is susceptible to change the underlying
 *              packet buffer. Therefore, at load time, all checks on pointers
 *              previously done by the verifier are invalidated and must be
 *              performed again, if the helper is used in combination with
 *              direct packet access.
 *      Return
 *              0 on success, or a negative error in case of failure.
 *
 * long bpf_skb_get_xfrm_state(struct sk_buff *skb, u32 index, struct bpf_xfrm_state *xfrm_state, u32 size, u64 flags)
 *      Description
 *              Retrieve the XFRM state (IP transform framework, see also
 *              **ip-xfrm(8)**) at *index* in XFRM "security path" for *skb*.
 *
 *              The retrieved value is stored in the **struct bpf_xfrm_state**
 *              pointed by *xfrm_state* and of length *size*.
 *
 *              All values for *flags* are reserved for future usage, and must
 *              be left at zero.
 *
 *              This helper is available only if the kernel was compiled with
 *              **CONFIG_XFRM** configuration option.
 *      Return
 *              0 on success, or a negative error in case of failure.
 *
 * long bpf_get_stack(void *ctx, void *buf, u32 size, u64 flags)
 *      Description
 *              Return a user or a kernel stack in bpf program provided buffer.
 *              To achieve this, the helper needs *ctx*, which is a pointer
 *              to the context on which the tracing program is executed.
 *              To store the stacktrace, the bpf program provides *buf* with
 *              a nonnegative *size*.
 *
 *              The last argument, *flags*, holds the number of stack frames to
 *              skip (from 0 to 255), masked with
 *              **BPF_F_SKIP_FIELD_MASK**. The next bits can be used to set
 *              the following flags:
 *
 *              **BPF_F_USER_STACK**
 *                      Collect a user space stack instead of a kernel stack.
 *              **BPF_F_USER_BUILD_ID**
 *                      Collect (build_id, file_offset) instead of ips for user
 *                      stack, only valid if **BPF_F_USER_STACK** is also
 *                      specified.
 *
 *                      *file_offset* is an offset relative to the beginning
 *                      of the executable or shared object file backing the vma
 *                      which the *ip* falls in. It is *not* an offset relative
 *                      to that object's base address. Accordingly, it must be
 *                      adjusted by adding (sh_addr - sh_offset), where
 *                      sh_{addr,offset} correspond to the executable section
 *                      containing *file_offset* in the object, for comparisons
 *                      to symbols' st_value to be valid.
 *
 *              **bpf_get_stack**\ () can collect up to
 *              **PERF_MAX_STACK_DEPTH** both kernel and user frames, subject
 *              to sufficient large buffer size. Note that
 *              this limit can be controlled with the **sysctl** program, and
 *              that it should be manually increased in order to profile long
 *              user stacks (such as stacks for Java programs). To do so, use:
 *
 *              ::
 *
 *                      # sysctl kernel.perf_event_max_stack=<new value>
 *      Return
 *              The non-negative copied *buf* length equal to or less than
 *              *size* on success, or a negative error in case of failure.
 *
 * long bpf_skb_load_bytes_relative(const void *skb, u32 offset, void *to, u32 len, u32 start_header)
 *      Description
 *              This helper is similar to **bpf_skb_load_bytes**\ () in that
 *              it provides an easy way to load *len* bytes from *offset*
 *              from the packet associated to *skb*, into the buffer pointed
 *              by *to*. The difference to **bpf_skb_load_bytes**\ () is that
 *              a fifth argument *start_header* exists in order to select a
 *              base offset to start from. *start_header* can be one of:
 *
 *              **BPF_HDR_START_MAC**
 *                      Base offset to load data from is *skb*'s mac header.
 *              **BPF_HDR_START_NET**
 *                      Base offset to load data from is *skb*'s network header.
 *
 *              In general, "direct packet access" is the preferred method to
 *              access packet data, however, this helper is in particular useful
 *              in socket filters where *skb*\ **->data** does not always point
 *              to the start of the mac header and where "direct packet access"
 *              is not available.
 *      Return
 *              0 on success, or a negative error in case of failure.
 *
 * long bpf_fib_lookup(void *ctx, struct bpf_fib_lookup *params, int plen, u32 flags)
 *      Description
 *              Do FIB lookup in kernel tables using parameters in *params*.
 *              If lookup is successful and result shows packet is to be
 *              forwarded, the neighbor tables are searched for the nexthop.
 *              If successful (ie., FIB lookup shows forwarding and nexthop
 *              is resolved), the nexthop address is returned in ipv4_dst
 *              or ipv6_dst based on family, smac is set to mac address of
 *              egress device, dmac is set to nexthop mac address, rt_metric
 *              is set to metric from route (IPv4/IPv6 only), and ifindex
 *              is set to the device index of the nexthop from the FIB lookup.
 *
 *              *plen* argument is the size of the passed in struct.
 *              *flags* argument can be a combination of one or more of the
 *              following values:
 *
 *              **BPF_FIB_LOOKUP_DIRECT**
 *                      Do a direct table lookup vs full lookup using FIB
 *                      rules.
 *              **BPF_FIB_LOOKUP_TBID**
 *                      Used with BPF_FIB_LOOKUP_DIRECT.
 *                      Use the routing table ID present in *params*->tbid
 *                      for the fib lookup.
 *              **BPF_FIB_LOOKUP_OUTPUT**
 *                      Perform lookup from an egress perspective (default is
 *                      ingress).
 *              **BPF_FIB_LOOKUP_SKIP_NEIGH**
 *                      Skip the neighbour table lookup. *params*->dmac
 *                      and *params*->smac will not be set as output. A common
 *                      use case is to call **bpf_redirect_neigh**\ () after
 *                      doing **bpf_fib_lookup**\ ().
 *              **BPF_FIB_LOOKUP_SRC**
 *                      Derive and set source IP addr in *params*->ipv{4,6}_src
 *                      for the nexthop. If the src addr cannot be derived,
 *                      **BPF_FIB_LKUP_RET_NO_SRC_ADDR** is returned. In this
 *                      case, *params*->dmac and *params*->smac are not set either.
 *
 *              *ctx* is either **struct xdp_md** for XDP programs or
 *              **struct sk_buff** tc cls_act programs.
 *      Return
 *              * < 0 if any input argument is invalid
 *              *   0 on success (packet is forwarded, nexthop neighbor exists)
 *              * > 0 one of **BPF_FIB_LKUP_RET_** codes explaining why the
 *                packet is not forwarded or needs assist from full stack
 *
 *              If lookup fails with BPF_FIB_LKUP_RET_FRAG_NEEDED, then the MTU
 *              was exceeded and output params->mtu_result contains the MTU.
 *
 * long bpf_sock_hash_update(struct bpf_sock_ops *skops, struct bpf_map *map, void *key, u64 flags)
 *      Description
 *              Add an entry to, or update a sockhash *map* referencing sockets.
 *              The *skops* is used as a new value for the entry associated to
 *              *key*. *flags* is one of:
 *
 *              **BPF_NOEXIST**
 *                      The entry for *key* must not exist in the map.
 *              **BPF_EXIST**
 *                      The entry for *key* must already exist in the map.
 *              **BPF_ANY**
 *                      No condition on the existence of the entry for *key*.
 *
 *              If the *map* has eBPF programs (parser and verdict), those will
 *              be inherited by the socket being added. If the socket is
 *              already attached to eBPF programs, this results in an error.
 *      Return
 *              0 on success, or a negative error in case of failure.
 *
 * long bpf_msg_redirect_hash(struct sk_msg_buff *msg, struct bpf_map *map, void *key, u64 flags)
 *      Description
 *              This helper is used in programs implementing policies at the
 *              socket level. If the message *msg* is allowed to pass (i.e. if
 *              the verdict eBPF program returns **SK_PASS**), redirect it to
 *              the socket referenced by *map* (of type
 *              **BPF_MAP_TYPE_SOCKHASH**) using hash *key*. Both ingress and
 *              egress interfaces can be used for redirection. The
 *              **BPF_F_INGRESS** value in *flags* is used to make the
 *              distinction (ingress path is selected if the flag is present,
 *              egress path otherwise). This is the only flag supported for now.
 *      Return
 *              **SK_PASS** on success, or **SK_DROP** on error.
 *
 * long bpf_sk_redirect_hash(struct sk_buff *skb, struct bpf_map *map, void *key, u64 flags)
 *      Description
 *              This helper is used in programs implementing policies at the
 *              skb socket level. If the sk_buff *skb* is allowed to pass (i.e.
 *              if the verdict eBPF program returns **SK_PASS**), redirect it
 *              to the socket referenced by *map* (of type
 *              **BPF_MAP_TYPE_SOCKHASH**) using hash *key*. Both ingress and
 *              egress interfaces can be used for redirection. The
 *              **BPF_F_INGRESS** value in *flags* is used to make the
 *              distinction (ingress path is selected if the flag is present,
 *              egress otherwise). This is the only flag supported for now.
 *      Return
 *              **SK_PASS** on success, or **SK_DROP** on error.
 *
 * long bpf_lwt_push_encap(struct sk_buff *skb, u32 type, void *hdr, u32 len)
 *      Description
 *              Encapsulate the packet associated to *skb* within a Layer 3
 *              protocol header. This header is provided in the buffer at
 *              address *hdr*, with *len* its size in bytes. *type* indicates
 *              the protocol of the header and can be one of:
 *
 *              **BPF_LWT_ENCAP_SEG6**
 *                      IPv6 encapsulation with Segment Routing Header
 *                      (**struct ipv6_sr_hdr**). *hdr* only contains the SRH,
 *                      the IPv6 header is computed by the kernel.
 *              **BPF_LWT_ENCAP_SEG6_INLINE**
 *                      Only works if *skb* contains an IPv6 packet. Insert a
 *                      Segment Routing Header (**struct ipv6_sr_hdr**) inside
 *                      the IPv6 header.
 *              **BPF_LWT_ENCAP_IP**
 *                      IP encapsulation (GRE/GUE/IPIP/etc). The outer header
 *                      must be IPv4 or IPv6, followed by zero or more
 *                      additional headers, up to **LWT_BPF_MAX_HEADROOM**
 *                      total bytes in all prepended headers. Please note that
 *                      if **skb_is_gso**\ (*skb*) is true, no more than two
 *                      headers can be prepended, and the inner header, if
 *                      present, should be either GRE or UDP/GUE.
 *
 *              **BPF_LWT_ENCAP_SEG6**\ \* types can be called by BPF programs
 *              of type **BPF_PROG_TYPE_LWT_IN**; **BPF_LWT_ENCAP_IP** type can
 *              be called by bpf programs of types **BPF_PROG_TYPE_LWT_IN** and
 *              **BPF_PROG_TYPE_LWT_XMIT**.
 *
 *              A call to this helper is susceptible to change the underlying
 *              packet buffer. Therefore, at load time, all checks on pointers
 *              previously done by the verifier are invalidated and must be
 *              performed again, if the helper is used in combination with
 *              direct packet access.
 *      Return
 *              0 on success, or a negative error in case of failure.
 *
 * long bpf_lwt_seg6_store_bytes(struct sk_buff *skb, u32 offset, const void *from, u32 len)
 *      Description
 *              Store *len* bytes from address *from* into the packet
 *              associated to *skb*, at *offset*. Only the flags, tag and TLVs
 *              inside the outermost IPv6 Segment Routing Header can be
 *              modified through this helper.
 *
 *              A call to this helper is susceptible to change the underlying
 *              packet buffer. Therefore, at load time, all checks on pointers
 *              previously done by the verifier are invalidated and must be
 *              performed again, if the helper is used in combination with
 *              direct packet access.
 *      Return
 *              0 on success, or a negative error in case of failure.
 *
 * long bpf_lwt_seg6_adjust_srh(struct sk_buff *skb, u32 offset, s32 delta)
 *      Description
 *              Adjust the size allocated to TLVs in the outermost IPv6
 *              Segment Routing Header contained in the packet associated to
 *              *skb*, at position *offset* by *delta* bytes. Only offsets
 *              after the segments are accepted. *delta* can be as well
 *              positive (growing) as negative (shrinking).
 *
 *              A call to this helper is susceptible to change the underlying
 *              packet buffer. Therefore, at load time, all checks on pointers
 *              previously done by the verifier are invalidated and must be
 *              performed again, if the helper is used in combination with
 *              direct packet access.
 *      Return
 *              0 on success, or a negative error in case of failure.
 *
 * long bpf_lwt_seg6_action(struct sk_buff *skb, u32 action, void *param, u32 param_len)
 *      Description
 *              Apply an IPv6 Segment Routing action of type *action* to the
 *              packet associated to *skb*. Each action takes a parameter
 *              contained at address *param*, and of length *param_len* bytes.
 *              *action* can be one of:
 *
 *              **SEG6_LOCAL_ACTION_END_X**
 *                      End.X action: Endpoint with Layer-3 cross-connect.
 *                      Type of *param*: **struct in6_addr**.
 *              **SEG6_LOCAL_ACTION_END_T**
 *                      End.T action: Endpoint with specific IPv6 table lookup.
 *                      Type of *param*: **int**.
 *              **SEG6_LOCAL_ACTION_END_B6**
 *                      End.B6 action: Endpoint bound to an SRv6 policy.
 *                      Type of *param*: **struct ipv6_sr_hdr**.
 *              **SEG6_LOCAL_ACTION_END_B6_ENCAP**
 *                      End.B6.Encap action: Endpoint bound to an SRv6
 *                      encapsulation policy.
 *                      Type of *param*: **struct ipv6_sr_hdr**.
 *
 *              A call to this helper is susceptible to change the underlying
 *              packet buffer. Therefore, at load time, all checks on pointers
 *              previously done by the verifier are invalidated and must be
 *              performed again, if the helper is used in combination with
 *              direct packet access.
 *      Return
 *              0 on success, or a negative error in case of failure.
 *
 * long bpf_rc_repeat(void *ctx)
 *      Description
 *              This helper is used in programs implementing IR decoding, to
 *              report a successfully decoded repeat key message. This delays
 *              the generation of a key up event for previously generated
 *              key down event.
 *
 *              Some IR protocols like NEC have a special IR message for
 *              repeating last button, for when a button is held down.
 *
 *              The *ctx* should point to the lirc sample as passed into
 *              the program.
 *
 *              This helper is only available is the kernel was compiled with
 *              the **CONFIG_BPF_LIRC_MODE2** configuration option set to
 *              "**y**".
 *      Return
 *              0
 *
 * long bpf_rc_keydown(void *ctx, u32 protocol, u64 scancode, u32 toggle)
 *      Description
 *              This helper is used in programs implementing IR decoding, to
 *              report a successfully decoded key press with *scancode*,
 *              *toggle* value in the given *protocol*. The scancode will be
 *              translated to a keycode using the rc keymap, and reported as
 *              an input key down event. After a period a key up event is
 *              generated. This period can be extended by calling either
 *              **bpf_rc_keydown**\ () again with the same values, or calling
 *              **bpf_rc_repeat**\ ().
 *
 *              Some protocols include a toggle bit, in case the button was
 *              released and pressed again between consecutive scancodes.
 *
 *              The *ctx* should point to the lirc sample as passed into
 *              the program.
 *
 *              The *protocol* is the decoded protocol number (see
 *              **enum rc_proto** for some predefined values).
 *
 *              This helper is only available is the kernel was compiled with
 *              the **CONFIG_BPF_LIRC_MODE2** configuration option set to
 *              "**y**".
 *      Return
 *              0
 *
 * u64 bpf_skb_cgroup_id(struct sk_buff *skb)
 *      Description
 *              Return the cgroup v2 id of the socket associated with the *skb*.
 *              This is roughly similar to the **bpf_get_cgroup_classid**\ ()
 *              helper for cgroup v1 by providing a tag resp. identifier that
 *              can be matched on or used for map lookups e.g. to implement
 *              policy. The cgroup v2 id of a given path in the hierarchy is
 *              exposed in user space through the f_handle API in order to get
 *              to the same 64-bit id.
 *
 *              This helper can be used on TC egress path, but not on ingress,
 *              and is available only if the kernel was compiled with the
 *              **CONFIG_SOCK_CGROUP_DATA** configuration option.
 *      Return
 *              The id is returned or 0 in case the id could not be retrieved.
 *
 * u64 bpf_get_current_cgroup_id(void)
 *      Description
 *              Get the current cgroup id based on the cgroup within which
 *              the current task is running.
 *      Return
 *              A 64-bit integer containing the current cgroup id based
 *              on the cgroup within which the current task is running.
 *
 * void *bpf_get_local_storage(void *map, u64 flags)
 *      Description
 *              Get the pointer to the local storage area.
 *              The type and the size of the local storage is defined
 *              by the *map* argument.
 *              The *flags* meaning is specific for each map type,
 *              and has to be 0 for cgroup local storage.
 *
 *              Depending on the BPF program type, a local storage area
 *              can be shared between multiple instances of the BPF program,
 *              running simultaneously.
 *
 *              A user should care about the synchronization by himself.
 *              For example, by using the **BPF_ATOMIC** instructions to alter
 *              the shared data.
 *      Return
 *              A pointer to the local storage area.
 *
 * long bpf_sk_select_reuseport(struct sk_reuseport_md *reuse, struct bpf_map *map, void *key, u64 flags)
 *      Description
 *              Select a **SO_REUSEPORT** socket from a
 *              **BPF_MAP_TYPE_REUSEPORT_SOCKARRAY** *map*.
 *              It checks the selected socket is matching the incoming
 *              request in the socket buffer.
 *      Return
 *              0 on success, or a negative error in case of failure.
 *
 * u64 bpf_skb_ancestor_cgroup_id(struct sk_buff *skb, int ancestor_level)
 *      Description
 *              Return id of cgroup v2 that is ancestor of cgroup associated
 *              with the *skb* at the *ancestor_level*.  The root cgroup is at
 *              *ancestor_level* zero and each step down the hierarchy
 *              increments the level. If *ancestor_level* == level of cgroup
 *              associated with *skb*, then return value will be same as that
 *              of **bpf_skb_cgroup_id**\ ().
 *
 *              The helper is useful to implement policies based on cgroups
 *              that are upper in hierarchy than immediate cgroup associated
 *              with *skb*.
 *
 *              The format of returned id and helper limitations are same as in
 *              **bpf_skb_cgroup_id**\ ().
 *      Return
 *              The id is returned or 0 in case the id could not be retrieved.
 *
 * struct bpf_sock *bpf_sk_lookup_tcp(void *ctx, struct bpf_sock_tuple *tuple, u32 tuple_size, u64 netns, u64 flags)
 *      Description
 *              Look for TCP socket matching *tuple*, optionally in a child
 *              network namespace *netns*. The return value must be checked,
 *              and if non-**NULL**, released via **bpf_sk_release**\ ().
 *
 *              The *ctx* should point to the context of the program, such as
 *              the skb or socket (depending on the hook in use). This is used
 *              to determine the base network namespace for the lookup.
 *
 *              *tuple_size* must be one of:
 *
 *              **sizeof**\ (*tuple*\ **->ipv4**)
 *                      Look for an IPv4 socket.
 *              **sizeof**\ (*tuple*\ **->ipv6**)
 *                      Look for an IPv6 socket.
 *
 *              If the *netns* is a negative signed 32-bit integer, then the
 *              socket lookup table in the netns associated with the *ctx*
 *              will be used. For the TC hooks, this is the netns of the device
 *              in the skb. For socket hooks, this is the netns of the socket.
 *              If *netns* is any other signed 32-bit value greater than or
 *              equal to zero then it specifies the ID of the netns relative to
 *              the netns associated with the *ctx*. *netns* values beyond the
 *              range of 32-bit integers are reserved for future use.
 *
 *              All values for *flags* are reserved for future usage, and must
 *              be left at zero.
 *
 *              This helper is available only if the kernel was compiled with
 *              **CONFIG_NET** configuration option.
 *      Return
 *              Pointer to **struct bpf_sock**, or **NULL** in case of failure.
 *              For sockets with reuseport option, the **struct bpf_sock**
 *              result is from *reuse*\ **->socks**\ [] using the hash of the
 *              tuple.
 *
 * struct bpf_sock *bpf_sk_lookup_udp(void *ctx, struct bpf_sock_tuple *tuple, u32 tuple_size, u64 netns, u64 flags)
 *      Description
 *              Look for UDP socket matching *tuple*, optionally in a child
 *              network namespace *netns*. The return value must be checked,
 *              and if non-**NULL**, released via **bpf_sk_release**\ ().
 *
 *              The *ctx* should point to the context of the program, such as
 *              the skb or socket (depending on the hook in use). This is used
 *              to determine the base network namespace for the lookup.
 *
 *              *tuple_size* must be one of:
 *
 *              **sizeof**\ (*tuple*\ **->ipv4**)
 *                      Look for an IPv4 socket.
 *              **sizeof**\ (*tuple*\ **->ipv6**)
 *                      Look for an IPv6 socket.
 *
 *              If the *netns* is a negative signed 32-bit integer, then the
 *              socket lookup table in the netns associated with the *ctx*
 *              will be used. For the TC hooks, this is the netns of the device
 *              in the skb. For socket hooks, this is the netns of the socket.
 *              If *netns* is any other signed 32-bit value greater than or
 *              equal to zero then it specifies the ID of the netns relative to
 *              the netns associated with the *ctx*. *netns* values beyond the
 *              range of 32-bit integers are reserved for future use.
 *
 *              All values for *flags* are reserved for future usage, and must
 *              be left at zero.
 *
 *              This helper is available only if the kernel was compiled with
 *              **CONFIG_NET** configuration option.
 *      Return
 *              Pointer to **struct bpf_sock**, or **NULL** in case of failure.
 *              For sockets with reuseport option, the **struct bpf_sock**
 *              result is from *reuse*\ **->socks**\ [] using the hash of the
 *              tuple.
 *
 * long bpf_sk_release(void *sock)
 *      Description
 *              Release the reference held by *sock*. *sock* must be a
 *              non-**NULL** pointer that was returned from
 *              **bpf_sk_lookup_xxx**\ ().
 *      Return
 *              0 on success, or a negative error in case of failure.
 *
 * long bpf_map_push_elem(struct bpf_map *map, const void *value, u64 flags)
 *      Description
 *              Push an element *value* in *map*. *flags* is one of:
 *
 *              **BPF_EXIST**
 *                      If the queue/stack is full, the oldest element is
 *                      removed to make room for this.
 *      Return
 *              0 on success, or a negative error in case of failure.
 *
 * long bpf_map_pop_elem(struct bpf_map *map, void *value)
 *      Description
 *              Pop an element from *map*.
 *      Return
 *              0 on success, or a negative error in case of failure.
 *
 * long bpf_map_peek_elem(struct bpf_map *map, void *value)
 *      Description
 *              Get an element from *map* without removing it.
 *      Return
 *              0 on success, or a negative error in case of failure.
 *
 * long bpf_msg_push_data(struct sk_msg_buff *msg, u32 start, u32 len, u64 flags)
 *      Description
 *              For socket policies, insert *len* bytes into *msg* at offset
 *              *start*.
 *
 *              If a program of type **BPF_PROG_TYPE_SK_MSG** is run on a
 *              *msg* it may want to insert metadata or options into the *msg*.
 *              This can later be read and used by any of the lower layer BPF
 *              hooks.
 *
 *              This helper may fail if under memory pressure (a malloc
 *              fails) in these cases BPF programs will get an appropriate
 *              error and BPF programs will need to handle them.
 *      Return
 *              0 on success, or a negative error in case of failure.
 *
 * long bpf_msg_pop_data(struct sk_msg_buff *msg, u32 start, u32 len, u64 flags)
 *      Description
 *              Will remove *len* bytes from a *msg* starting at byte *start*.
 *              This may result in **ENOMEM** errors under certain situations if
 *              an allocation and copy are required due to a full ring buffer.
 *              However, the helper will try to avoid doing the allocation
 *              if possible. Other errors can occur if input parameters are
 *              invalid either due to *start* byte not being valid part of *msg*
 *              payload and/or *pop* value being to large.
 *      Return
 *              0 on success, or a negative error in case of failure.
 *
 * long bpf_rc_pointer_rel(void *ctx, s32 rel_x, s32 rel_y)
 *      Description
 *              This helper is used in programs implementing IR decoding, to
 *              report a successfully decoded pointer movement.
 *
 *              The *ctx* should point to the lirc sample as passed into
 *              the program.
 *
 *              This helper is only available is the kernel was compiled with
 *              the **CONFIG_BPF_LIRC_MODE2** configuration option set to
 *              "**y**".
 *      Return
 *              0
 *
 * long bpf_spin_lock(struct bpf_spin_lock *lock)
 *      Description
 *              Acquire a spinlock represented by the pointer *lock*, which is
 *              stored as part of a value of a map. Taking the lock allows to
 *              safely update the rest of the fields in that value. The
 *              spinlock can (and must) later be released with a call to
 *              **bpf_spin_unlock**\ (\ *lock*\ ).
 *
 *              Spinlocks in BPF programs come with a number of restrictions
 *              and constraints:
 *
 *              * **bpf_spin_lock** objects are only allowed inside maps of
 *                types **BPF_MAP_TYPE_HASH** and **BPF_MAP_TYPE_ARRAY** (this
 *                list could be extended in the future).
 *              * BTF description of the map is mandatory.
 *              * The BPF program can take ONE lock at a time, since taking two
 *                or more could cause dead locks.
 *              * Only one **struct bpf_spin_lock** is allowed per map element.
 *              * When the lock is taken, calls (either BPF to BPF or helpers)
 *                are not allowed.
 *              * The **BPF_LD_ABS** and **BPF_LD_IND** instructions are not
 *                allowed inside a spinlock-ed region.
 *              * The BPF program MUST call **bpf_spin_unlock**\ () to release
 *                the lock, on all execution paths, before it returns.
 *              * The BPF program can access **struct bpf_spin_lock** only via
 *                the **bpf_spin_lock**\ () and **bpf_spin_unlock**\ ()
 *                helpers. Loading or storing data into the **struct
 *                bpf_spin_lock** *lock*\ **;** field of a map is not allowed.
 *              * To use the **bpf_spin_lock**\ () helper, the BTF description
 *                of the map value must be a struct and have **struct
 *                bpf_spin_lock** *anyname*\ **;** field at the top level.
 *                Nested lock inside another struct is not allowed.
 *              * The **struct bpf_spin_lock** *lock* field in a map value must
 *                be aligned on a multiple of 4 bytes in that value.
 *              * Syscall with command **BPF_MAP_LOOKUP_ELEM** does not copy
 *                the **bpf_spin_lock** field to user space.
 *              * Syscall with command **BPF_MAP_UPDATE_ELEM**, or update from
 *                a BPF program, do not update the **bpf_spin_lock** field.
 *              * **bpf_spin_lock** cannot be on the stack or inside a
 *                networking packet (it can only be inside of a map values).
 *              * **bpf_spin_lock** is available to root only.
 *              * Tracing programs and socket filter programs cannot use
 *                **bpf_spin_lock**\ () due to insufficient preemption checks
 *                (but this may change in the future).
 *              * **bpf_spin_lock** is not allowed in inner maps of map-in-map.
 *      Return
 *              0
 *
 * long bpf_spin_unlock(struct bpf_spin_lock *lock)
 *      Description
 *              Release the *lock* previously locked by a call to
 *              **bpf_spin_lock**\ (\ *lock*\ ).
 *      Return
 *              0
 *
 * struct bpf_sock *bpf_sk_fullsock(struct bpf_sock *sk)
 *      Description
 *              This helper gets a **struct bpf_sock** pointer such
 *              that all the fields in this **bpf_sock** can be accessed.
 *      Return
 *              A **struct bpf_sock** pointer on success, or **NULL** in
 *              case of failure.
 *
 * struct bpf_tcp_sock *bpf_tcp_sock(struct bpf_sock *sk)
 *      Description
 *              This helper gets a **struct bpf_tcp_sock** pointer from a
 *              **struct bpf_sock** pointer.
 *      Return
 *              A **struct bpf_tcp_sock** pointer on success, or **NULL** in
 *              case of failure.
 *
 * long bpf_skb_ecn_set_ce(struct sk_buff *skb)
 *      Description
 *              Set ECN (Explicit Congestion Notification) field of IP header
 *              to **CE** (Congestion Encountered) if current value is **ECT**
 *              (ECN Capable Transport). Otherwise, do nothing. Works with IPv6
 *              and IPv4.
 *      Return
 *              1 if the **CE** flag is set (either by the current helper call
 *              or because it was already present), 0 if it is not set.
 *
 * struct bpf_sock *bpf_get_listener_sock(struct bpf_sock *sk)
 *      Description
 *              Return a **struct bpf_sock** pointer in **TCP_LISTEN** state.
 *              **bpf_sk_release**\ () is unnecessary and not allowed.
 *      Return
 *              A **struct bpf_sock** pointer on success, or **NULL** in
 *              case of failure.
 *
 * struct bpf_sock *bpf_skc_lookup_tcp(void *ctx, struct bpf_sock_tuple *tuple, u32 tuple_size, u64 netns, u64 flags)
 *      Description
 *              Look for TCP socket matching *tuple*, optionally in a child
 *              network namespace *netns*. The return value must be checked,
 *              and if non-**NULL**, released via **bpf_sk_release**\ ().
 *
 *              This function is identical to **bpf_sk_lookup_tcp**\ (), except
 *              that it also returns timewait or request sockets. Use
 *              **bpf_sk_fullsock**\ () or **bpf_tcp_sock**\ () to access the
 *              full structure.
 *
 *              This helper is available only if the kernel was compiled with
 *              **CONFIG_NET** configuration option.
 *      Return
 *              Pointer to **struct bpf_sock**, or **NULL** in case of failure.
 *              For sockets with reuseport option, the **struct bpf_sock**
 *              result is from *reuse*\ **->socks**\ [] using the hash of the
 *              tuple.
 *
 * long bpf_tcp_check_syncookie(void *sk, void *iph, u32 iph_len, struct tcphdr *th, u32 th_len)
 *      Description
 *              Check whether *iph* and *th* contain a valid SYN cookie ACK for
 *              the listening socket in *sk*.
 *
 *              *iph* points to the start of the IPv4 or IPv6 header, while
 *              *iph_len* contains **sizeof**\ (**struct iphdr**) or
 *              **sizeof**\ (**struct ipv6hdr**).
 *
 *              *th* points to the start of the TCP header, while *th_len*
 *              contains the length of the TCP header (at least
 *              **sizeof**\ (**struct tcphdr**)).
 *      Return
 *              0 if *iph* and *th* are a valid SYN cookie ACK, or a negative
 *              error otherwise.
 *
 * long bpf_sysctl_get_name(struct bpf_sysctl *ctx, char *buf, size_t buf_len, u64 flags)
 *      Description
 *              Get name of sysctl in /proc/sys/ and copy it into provided by
 *              program buffer *buf* of size *buf_len*.
 *
 *              The buffer is always NUL terminated, unless it's zero-sized.
 *
 *              If *flags* is zero, full name (e.g. "net/ipv4/tcp_mem") is
 *              copied. Use **BPF_F_SYSCTL_BASE_NAME** flag to copy base name
 *              only (e.g. "tcp_mem").
 *      Return
 *              Number of character copied (not including the trailing NUL).
 *
 *              **-E2BIG** if the buffer wasn't big enough (*buf* will contain
 *              truncated name in this case).
 *
 * long bpf_sysctl_get_current_value(struct bpf_sysctl *ctx, char *buf, size_t buf_len)
 *      Description
 *              Get current value of sysctl as it is presented in /proc/sys
 *              (incl. newline, etc), and copy it as a string into provided
 *              by program buffer *buf* of size *buf_len*.
 *
 *              The whole value is copied, no matter what file position user
 *              space issued e.g. sys_read at.
 *
 *              The buffer is always NUL terminated, unless it's zero-sized.
 *      Return
 *              Number of character copied (not including the trailing NUL).
 *
 *              **-E2BIG** if the buffer wasn't big enough (*buf* will contain
 *              truncated name in this case).
 *
 *              **-EINVAL** if current value was unavailable, e.g. because
 *              sysctl is uninitialized and read returns -EIO for it.
 *
 * long bpf_sysctl_get_new_value(struct bpf_sysctl *ctx, char *buf, size_t buf_len)
 *      Description
 *              Get new value being written by user space to sysctl (before
 *              the actual write happens) and copy it as a string into
 *              provided by program buffer *buf* of size *buf_len*.
 *
 *              User space may write new value at file position > 0.
 *
 *              The buffer is always NUL terminated, unless it's zero-sized.
 *      Return
 *              Number of character copied (not including the trailing NUL).
 *
 *              **-E2BIG** if the buffer wasn't big enough (*buf* will contain
 *              truncated name in this case).
 *
 *              **-EINVAL** if sysctl is being read.
 *
 * long bpf_sysctl_set_new_value(struct bpf_sysctl *ctx, const char *buf, size_t buf_len)
 *      Description
 *              Override new value being written by user space to sysctl with
 *              value provided by program in buffer *buf* of size *buf_len*.
 *
 *              *buf* should contain a string in same form as provided by user
 *              space on sysctl write.
 *
 *              User space may write new value at file position > 0. To override
 *              the whole sysctl value file position should be set to zero.
 *      Return
 *              0 on success.
 *
 *              **-E2BIG** if the *buf_len* is too big.
 *
 *              **-EINVAL** if sysctl is being read.
 *
 * long bpf_strtol(const char *buf, size_t buf_len, u64 flags, long *res)
 *      Description
 *              Convert the initial part of the string from buffer *buf* of
 *              size *buf_len* to a long integer according to the given base
 *              and save the result in *res*.
 *
 *              The string may begin with an arbitrary amount of white space
 *              (as determined by **isspace**\ (3)) followed by a single
 *              optional '**-**' sign.
 *
 *              Five least significant bits of *flags* encode base, other bits
 *              are currently unused.
 *
 *              Base must be either 8, 10, 16 or 0 to detect it automatically
 *              similar to user space **strtol**\ (3).
 *      Return
 *              Number of characters consumed on success. Must be positive but
 *              no more than *buf_len*.
 *
 *              **-EINVAL** if no valid digits were found or unsupported base
 *              was provided.
 *
 *              **-ERANGE** if resulting value was out of range.
 *
 * long bpf_strtoul(const char *buf, size_t buf_len, u64 flags, unsigned long *res)
 *      Description
 *              Convert the initial part of the string from buffer *buf* of
 *              size *buf_len* to an unsigned long integer according to the
 *              given base and save the result in *res*.
 *
 *              The string may begin with an arbitrary amount of white space
 *              (as determined by **isspace**\ (3)).
 *
 *              Five least significant bits of *flags* encode base, other bits
 *              are currently unused.
 *
 *              Base must be either 8, 10, 16 or 0 to detect it automatically
 *              similar to user space **strtoul**\ (3).
 *      Return
 *              Number of characters consumed on success. Must be positive but
 *              no more than *buf_len*.
 *
 *              **-EINVAL** if no valid digits were found or unsupported base
 *              was provided.
 *
 *              **-ERANGE** if resulting value was out of range.
 *
 * void *bpf_sk_storage_get(struct bpf_map *map, void *sk, void *value, u64 flags)
 *      Description
 *              Get a bpf-local-storage from a *sk*.
 *
 *              Logically, it could be thought of getting the value from
 *              a *map* with *sk* as the **key**.  From this
 *              perspective,  the usage is not much different from
 *              **bpf_map_lookup_elem**\ (*map*, **&**\ *sk*) except this
 *              helper enforces the key must be a full socket and the map must
 *              be a **BPF_MAP_TYPE_SK_STORAGE** also.
 *
 *              Underneath, the value is stored locally at *sk* instead of
 *              the *map*.  The *map* is used as the bpf-local-storage
 *              "type". The bpf-local-storage "type" (i.e. the *map*) is
 *              searched against all bpf-local-storages residing at *sk*.
 *
 *              *sk* is a kernel **struct sock** pointer for LSM program.
 *              *sk* is a **struct bpf_sock** pointer for other program types.
 *
 *              An optional *flags* (**BPF_SK_STORAGE_GET_F_CREATE**) can be
 *              used such that a new bpf-local-storage will be
 *              created if one does not exist.  *value* can be used
 *              together with **BPF_SK_STORAGE_GET_F_CREATE** to specify
 *              the initial value of a bpf-local-storage.  If *value* is
 *              **NULL**, the new bpf-local-storage will be zero initialized.
 *      Return
 *              A bpf-local-storage pointer is returned on success.
 *
 *              **NULL** if not found or there was an error in adding
 *              a new bpf-local-storage.
 *
 * long bpf_sk_storage_delete(struct bpf_map *map, void *sk)
 *      Description
 *              Delete a bpf-local-storage from a *sk*.
 *      Return
 *              0 on success.
 *
 *              **-ENOENT** if the bpf-local-storage cannot be found.
 *              **-EINVAL** if sk is not a fullsock (e.g. a request_sock).
 *
 * long bpf_send_signal(u32 sig)
 *      Description
 *              Send signal *sig* to the process of the current task.
 *              The signal may be delivered to any of this process's threads.
 *      Return
 *              0 on success or successfully queued.
 *
 *              **-EBUSY** if work queue under nmi is full.
 *
 *              **-EINVAL** if *sig* is invalid.
 *
 *              **-EPERM** if no permission to send the *sig*.
 *
 *              **-EAGAIN** if bpf program can try again.
 *
 * s64 bpf_tcp_gen_syncookie(void *sk, void *iph, u32 iph_len, struct tcphdr *th, u32 th_len)
 *      Description
 *              Try to issue a SYN cookie for the packet with corresponding
 *              IP/TCP headers, *iph* and *th*, on the listening socket in *sk*.
 *
 *              *iph* points to the start of the IPv4 or IPv6 header, while
 *              *iph_len* contains **sizeof**\ (**struct iphdr**) or
 *              **sizeof**\ (**struct ipv6hdr**).
 *
 *              *th* points to the start of the TCP header, while *th_len*
 *              contains the length of the TCP header with options (at least
 *              **sizeof**\ (**struct tcphdr**)).
 *      Return
 *              On success, lower 32 bits hold the generated SYN cookie in
 *              followed by 16 bits which hold the MSS value for that cookie,
 *              and the top 16 bits are unused.
 *
 *              On failure, the returned value is one of the following:
 *
 *              **-EINVAL** SYN cookie cannot be issued due to error
 *
 *              **-ENOENT** SYN cookie should not be issued (no SYN flood)
 *
 *              **-EOPNOTSUPP** kernel configuration does not enable SYN cookies
 *
 *              **-EPROTONOSUPPORT** IP packet version is not 4 or 6
 *
 * long bpf_skb_output(void *ctx, struct bpf_map *map, u64 flags, void *data, u64 size)
 *      Description
 *              Write raw *data* blob into a special BPF perf event held by
 *              *map* of type **BPF_MAP_TYPE_PERF_EVENT_ARRAY**. This perf
 *              event must have the following attributes: **PERF_SAMPLE_RAW**
 *              as **sample_type**, **PERF_TYPE_SOFTWARE** as **type**, and
 *              **PERF_COUNT_SW_BPF_OUTPUT** as **config**.
 *
 *              The *flags* are used to indicate the index in *map* for which
 *              the value must be put, masked with **BPF_F_INDEX_MASK**.
 *              Alternatively, *flags* can be set to **BPF_F_CURRENT_CPU**
 *              to indicate that the index of the current CPU core should be
 *              used.
 *
 *              The value to write, of *size*, is passed through eBPF stack and
 *              pointed by *data*.
 *
 *              *ctx* is a pointer to in-kernel struct sk_buff.
 *
 *              This helper is similar to **bpf_perf_event_output**\ () but
 *              restricted to raw_tracepoint bpf programs.
 *      Return
 *              0 on success, or a negative error in case of failure.
 *
 * long bpf_probe_read_user(void *dst, u32 size, const void *unsafe_ptr)
 *      Description
 *              Safely attempt to read *size* bytes from user space address
 *              *unsafe_ptr* and store the data in *dst*.
 *      Return
 *              0 on success, or a negative error in case of failure.
 *
 * long bpf_probe_read_kernel(void *dst, u32 size, const void *unsafe_ptr)
 *      Description
 *              Safely attempt to read *size* bytes from kernel space address
 *              *unsafe_ptr* and store the data in *dst*.
 *      Return
 *              0 on success, or a negative error in case of failure.
 *
 * long bpf_probe_read_user_str(void *dst, u32 size, const void *unsafe_ptr)
 *      Description
 *              Copy a NUL terminated string from an unsafe user address
 *              *unsafe_ptr* to *dst*. The *size* should include the
 *              terminating NUL byte. In case the string length is smaller than
 *              *size*, the target is not padded with further NUL bytes. If the
 *              string length is larger than *size*, just *size*-1 bytes are
 *              copied and the last byte is set to NUL.
 *
 *              On success, returns the number of bytes that were written,
 *              including the terminal NUL. This makes this helper useful in
 *              tracing programs for reading strings, and more importantly to
 *              get its length at runtime. See the following snippet:
 *
 *              ::
 *
 *                      SEC("kprobe/sys_open")
 *                      void bpf_sys_open(struct pt_regs *ctx)
 *                      {
 *                              char buf[PATHLEN]; // PATHLEN is defined to 256
 *                              int res = bpf_probe_read_user_str(buf, sizeof(buf),
 *                                                                ctx->di);
 *
 *                              // Consume buf, for example push it to
 *                              // userspace via bpf_perf_event_output(); we
 *                              // can use res (the string length) as event
 *                              // size, after checking its boundaries.
 *                      }
 *
 *              In comparison, using **bpf_probe_read_user**\ () helper here
 *              instead to read the string would require to estimate the length
 *              at compile time, and would often result in copying more memory
 *              than necessary.
 *
 *              Another useful use case is when parsing individual process
 *              arguments or individual environment variables navigating
 *              *current*\ **->mm->arg_start** and *current*\
 *              **->mm->env_start**: using this helper and the return value,
 *              one can quickly iterate at the right offset of the memory area.
 *      Return
 *              On success, the strictly positive length of the output string,
 *              including the trailing NUL character. On error, a negative
 *              value.
 *
 * long bpf_probe_read_kernel_str(void *dst, u32 size, const void *unsafe_ptr)
 *      Description
 *              Copy a NUL terminated string from an unsafe kernel address *unsafe_ptr*
 *              to *dst*. Same semantics as with **bpf_probe_read_user_str**\ () apply.
 *      Return
 *              On success, the strictly positive length of the string, including
 *              the trailing NUL character. On error, a negative value.
 *
 * long bpf_tcp_send_ack(void *tp, u32 rcv_nxt)
 *      Description
 *              Send out a tcp-ack. *tp* is the in-kernel struct **tcp_sock**.
 *              *rcv_nxt* is the ack_seq to be sent out.
 *      Return
 *              0 on success, or a negative error in case of failure.
 *
 * long bpf_send_signal_thread(u32 sig)
 *      Description
 *              Send signal *sig* to the thread corresponding to the current task.
 *      Return
 *              0 on success or successfully queued.
 *
 *              **-EBUSY** if work queue under nmi is full.
 *
 *              **-EINVAL** if *sig* is invalid.
 *
 *              **-EPERM** if no permission to send the *sig*.
 *
 *              **-EAGAIN** if bpf program can try again.
 *
 * u64 bpf_jiffies64(void)
 *      Description
 *              Obtain the 64bit jiffies
 *      Return
 *              The 64 bit jiffies
 *
 * long bpf_read_branch_records(struct bpf_perf_event_data *ctx, void *buf, u32 size, u64 flags)
 *      Description
 *              For an eBPF program attached to a perf event, retrieve the
 *              branch records (**struct perf_branch_entry**) associated to *ctx*
 *              and store it in the buffer pointed by *buf* up to size
 *              *size* bytes.
 *      Return
 *              On success, number of bytes written to *buf*. On error, a
 *              negative value.
 *
 *              The *flags* can be set to **BPF_F_GET_BRANCH_RECORDS_SIZE** to
 *              instead return the number of bytes required to store all the
 *              branch entries. If this flag is set, *buf* may be NULL.
 *
 *              **-EINVAL** if arguments invalid or **size** not a multiple
 *              of **sizeof**\ (**struct perf_branch_entry**\ ).
 *
 *              **-ENOENT** if architecture does not support branch records.
 *
 * long bpf_get_ns_current_pid_tgid(u64 dev, u64 ino, struct bpf_pidns_info *nsdata, u32 size)
 *      Description
 *              Returns 0 on success, values for *pid* and *tgid* as seen from the current
 *              *namespace* will be returned in *nsdata*.
 *      Return
 *              0 on success, or one of the following in case of failure:
 *
 *              **-EINVAL** if dev and inum supplied don't match dev_t and inode number
 *              with nsfs of current task, or if dev conversion to dev_t lost high bits.
 *
 *              **-ENOENT** if pidns does not exists for the current task.
 *
 * long bpf_xdp_output(void *ctx, struct bpf_map *map, u64 flags, void *data, u64 size)
 *      Description
 *              Write raw *data* blob into a special BPF perf event held by
 *              *map* of type **BPF_MAP_TYPE_PERF_EVENT_ARRAY**. This perf
 *              event must have the following attributes: **PERF_SAMPLE_RAW**
 *              as **sample_type**, **PERF_TYPE_SOFTWARE** as **type**, and
 *              **PERF_COUNT_SW_BPF_OUTPUT** as **config**.
 *
 *              The *flags* are used to indicate the index in *map* for which
 *              the value must be put, masked with **BPF_F_INDEX_MASK**.
 *              Alternatively, *flags* can be set to **BPF_F_CURRENT_CPU**
 *              to indicate that the index of the current CPU core should be
 *              used.
 *
 *              The value to write, of *size*, is passed through eBPF stack and
 *              pointed by *data*.
 *
 *              *ctx* is a pointer to in-kernel struct xdp_buff.
 *
 *              This helper is similar to **bpf_perf_eventoutput**\ () but
 *              restricted to raw_tracepoint bpf programs.
 *      Return
 *              0 on success, or a negative error in case of failure.
 *
 * u64 bpf_get_netns_cookie(void *ctx)
 *      Description
 *              Retrieve the cookie (generated by the kernel) of the network
 *              namespace the input *ctx* is associated with. The network
 *              namespace cookie remains stable for its lifetime and provides
 *              a global identifier that can be assumed unique. If *ctx* is
 *              NULL, then the helper returns the cookie for the initial
 *              network namespace. The cookie itself is very similar to that
 *              of **bpf_get_socket_cookie**\ () helper, but for network
 *              namespaces instead of sockets.
 *      Return
 *              A 8-byte long opaque number.
 *
 * u64 bpf_get_current_ancestor_cgroup_id(int ancestor_level)
 *      Description
 *              Return id of cgroup v2 that is ancestor of the cgroup associated
 *              with the current task at the *ancestor_level*. The root cgroup
 *              is at *ancestor_level* zero and each step down the hierarchy
 *              increments the level. If *ancestor_level* == level of cgroup
 *              associated with the current task, then return value will be the
 *              same as that of **bpf_get_current_cgroup_id**\ ().
 *
 *              The helper is useful to implement policies based on cgroups
 *              that are upper in hierarchy than immediate cgroup associated
 *              with the current task.
 *
 *              The format of returned id and helper limitations are same as in
 *              **bpf_get_current_cgroup_id**\ ().
 *      Return
 *              The id is returned or 0 in case the id could not be retrieved.
 *
 * long bpf_sk_assign(struct sk_buff *skb, void *sk, u64 flags)
 *      Description
 *              Helper is overloaded depending on BPF program type. This
 *              description applies to **BPF_PROG_TYPE_SCHED_CLS** and
 *              **BPF_PROG_TYPE_SCHED_ACT** programs.
 *
 *              Assign the *sk* to the *skb*. When combined with appropriate
 *              routing configuration to receive the packet towards the socket,
 *              will cause *skb* to be delivered to the specified socket.
 *              Subsequent redirection of *skb* via  **bpf_redirect**\ (),
 *              **bpf_clone_redirect**\ () or other methods outside of BPF may
 *              interfere with successful delivery to the socket.
 *
 *              This operation is only valid from TC ingress path.
 *
 *              The *flags* argument must be zero.
 *      Return
 *              0 on success, or a negative error in case of failure:
 *
 *              **-EINVAL** if specified *flags* are not supported.
 *
 *              **-ENOENT** if the socket is unavailable for assignment.
 *
 *              **-ENETUNREACH** if the socket is unreachable (wrong netns).
 *
 *              **-EOPNOTSUPP** if the operation is not supported, for example
 *              a call from outside of TC ingress.
 *
 *              **-ESOCKTNOSUPPORT** if the socket type is not supported
 *              (reuseport).
 *
 * long bpf_sk_assign(struct bpf_sk_lookup *ctx, struct bpf_sock *sk, u64 flags)
 *      Description
 *              Helper is overloaded depending on BPF program type. This
 *              description applies to **BPF_PROG_TYPE_SK_LOOKUP** programs.
 *
 *              Select the *sk* as a result of a socket lookup.
 *
 *              For the operation to succeed passed socket must be compatible
 *              with the packet description provided by the *ctx* object.
 *
 *              L4 protocol (**IPPROTO_TCP** or **IPPROTO_UDP**) must
 *              be an exact match. While IP family (**AF_INET** or
 *              **AF_INET6**) must be compatible, that is IPv6 sockets
 *              that are not v6-only can be selected for IPv4 packets.
 *
 *              Only TCP listeners and UDP unconnected sockets can be
 *              selected. *sk* can also be NULL to reset any previous
 *              selection.
 *
 *              *flags* argument can combination of following values:
 *
 *              * **BPF_SK_LOOKUP_F_REPLACE** to override the previous
 *                socket selection, potentially done by a BPF program
 *                that ran before us.
 *
 *              * **BPF_SK_LOOKUP_F_NO_REUSEPORT** to skip
 *                load-balancing within reuseport group for the socket
 *                being selected.
 *
 *              On success *ctx->sk* will point to the selected socket.
 *
 *      Return
 *              0 on success, or a negative errno in case of failure.
 *
 *              * **-EAFNOSUPPORT** if socket family (*sk->family*) is
 *                not compatible with packet family (*ctx->family*).
 *
 *              * **-EEXIST** if socket has been already selected,
 *                potentially by another program, and
 *                **BPF_SK_LOOKUP_F_REPLACE** flag was not specified.
 *
 *              * **-EINVAL** if unsupported flags were specified.
 *
 *              * **-EPROTOTYPE** if socket L4 protocol
 *                (*sk->protocol*) doesn't match packet protocol
 *                (*ctx->protocol*).
 *
 *              * **-ESOCKTNOSUPPORT** if socket is not in allowed
 *                state (TCP listening or UDP unconnected).
 *
 * u64 bpf_ktime_get_boot_ns(void)
 *      Description
 *              Return the time elapsed since system boot, in nanoseconds.
 *              Does include the time the system was suspended.
 *              See: **clock_gettime**\ (**CLOCK_BOOTTIME**)
 *      Return
 *              Current *ktime*.
 *
 * long bpf_seq_printf(struct seq_file *m, const char *fmt, u32 fmt_size, const void *data, u32 data_len)
 *      Description
 *              **bpf_seq_printf**\ () uses seq_file **seq_printf**\ () to print
 *              out the format string.
 *              The *m* represents the seq_file. The *fmt* and *fmt_size* are for
 *              the format string itself. The *data* and *data_len* are format string
 *              arguments. The *data* are a **u64** array and corresponding format string
 *              values are stored in the array. For strings and pointers where pointees
 *              are accessed, only the pointer values are stored in the *data* array.
 *              The *data_len* is the size of *data* in bytes - must be a multiple of 8.
 *
 *              Formats **%s**, **%p{i,I}{4,6}** requires to read kernel memory.
 *              Reading kernel memory may fail due to either invalid address or
 *              valid address but requiring a major memory fault. If reading kernel memory
 *              fails, the string for **%s** will be an empty string, and the ip
 *              address for **%p{i,I}{4,6}** will be 0. Not returning error to
 *              bpf program is consistent with what **bpf_trace_printk**\ () does for now.
 *      Return
 *              0 on success, or a negative error in case of failure:
 *
 *              **-EBUSY** if per-CPU memory copy buffer is busy, can try again
 *              by returning 1 from bpf program.
 *
 *              **-EINVAL** if arguments are invalid, or if *fmt* is invalid/unsupported.
 *
 *              **-E2BIG** if *fmt* contains too many format specifiers.
 *
 *              **-EOVERFLOW** if an overflow happened: The same object will be tried again.
 *
 * long bpf_seq_write(struct seq_file *m, const void *data, u32 len)
 *      Description
 *              **bpf_seq_write**\ () uses seq_file **seq_write**\ () to write the data.
 *              The *m* represents the seq_file. The *data* and *len* represent the
 *              data to write in bytes.
 *      Return
 *              0 on success, or a negative error in case of failure:
 *
 *              **-EOVERFLOW** if an overflow happened: The same object will be tried again.
 *
 * u64 bpf_sk_cgroup_id(void *sk)
 *      Description
 *              Return the cgroup v2 id of the socket *sk*.
 *
 *              *sk* must be a non-**NULL** pointer to a socket, e.g. one
 *              returned from **bpf_sk_lookup_xxx**\ (),
 *              **bpf_sk_fullsock**\ (), etc. The format of returned id is
 *              same as in **bpf_skb_cgroup_id**\ ().
 *
 *              This helper is available only if the kernel was compiled with
 *              the **CONFIG_SOCK_CGROUP_DATA** configuration option.
 *      Return
 *              The id is returned or 0 in case the id could not be retrieved.
 *
 * u64 bpf_sk_ancestor_cgroup_id(void *sk, int ancestor_level)
 *      Description
 *              Return id of cgroup v2 that is ancestor of cgroup associated
 *              with the *sk* at the *ancestor_level*.  The root cgroup is at
 *              *ancestor_level* zero and each step down the hierarchy
 *              increments the level. If *ancestor_level* == level of cgroup
 *              associated with *sk*, then return value will be same as that
 *              of **bpf_sk_cgroup_id**\ ().
 *
 *              The helper is useful to implement policies based on cgroups
 *              that are upper in hierarchy than immediate cgroup associated
 *              with *sk*.
 *
 *              The format of returned id and helper limitations are same as in
 *              **bpf_sk_cgroup_id**\ ().
 *      Return
 *              The id is returned or 0 in case the id could not be retrieved.
 *
 * long bpf_ringbuf_output(void *ringbuf, void *data, u64 size, u64 flags)
 *      Description
 *              Copy *size* bytes from *data* into a ring buffer *ringbuf*.
 *              If **BPF_RB_NO_WAKEUP** is specified in *flags*, no notification
 *              of new data availability is sent.
 *              If **BPF_RB_FORCE_WAKEUP** is specified in *flags*, notification
 *              of new data availability is sent unconditionally.
 *              If **0** is specified in *flags*, an adaptive notification
 *              of new data availability is sent.
 *
 *              An adaptive notification is a notification sent whenever the user-space
 *              process has caught up and consumed all available payloads. In case the user-space
 *              process is still processing a previous payload, then no notification is needed
 *              as it will process the newly added payload automatically.
 *      Return
 *              0 on success, or a negative error in case of failure.
 *
 * void *bpf_ringbuf_reserve(void *ringbuf, u64 size, u64 flags)
 *      Description
 *              Reserve *size* bytes of payload in a ring buffer *ringbuf*.
 *              *flags* must be 0.
 *      Return
 *              Valid pointer with *size* bytes of memory available; NULL,
 *              otherwise.
 *
 * void bpf_ringbuf_submit(void *data, u64 flags)
 *      Description
 *              Submit reserved ring buffer sample, pointed to by *data*.
 *              If **BPF_RB_NO_WAKEUP** is specified in *flags*, no notification
 *              of new data availability is sent.
 *              If **BPF_RB_FORCE_WAKEUP** is specified in *flags*, notification
 *              of new data availability is sent unconditionally.
 *              If **0** is specified in *flags*, an adaptive notification
 *              of new data availability is sent.
 *
 *              See 'bpf_ringbuf_output()' for the definition of adaptive notification.
 *      Return
 *              Nothing. Always succeeds.
 *
 * void bpf_ringbuf_discard(void *data, u64 flags)
 *      Description
 *              Discard reserved ring buffer sample, pointed to by *data*.
 *              If **BPF_RB_NO_WAKEUP** is specified in *flags*, no notification
 *              of new data availability is sent.
 *              If **BPF_RB_FORCE_WAKEUP** is specified in *flags*, notification
 *              of new data availability is sent unconditionally.
 *              If **0** is specified in *flags*, an adaptive notification
 *              of new data availability is sent.
 *
 *              See 'bpf_ringbuf_output()' for the definition of adaptive notification.
 *      Return
 *              Nothing. Always succeeds.
 *
 * u64 bpf_ringbuf_query(void *ringbuf, u64 flags)
 *      Description
 *              Query various characteristics of provided ring buffer. What
 *              exactly is queries is determined by *flags*:
 *
 *              * **BPF_RB_AVAIL_DATA**: Amount of data not yet consumed.
 *              * **BPF_RB_RING_SIZE**: The size of ring buffer.
 *              * **BPF_RB_CONS_POS**: Consumer position (can wrap around).
 *              * **BPF_RB_PROD_POS**: Producer(s) position (can wrap around).
 *
 *              Data returned is just a momentary snapshot of actual values
 *              and could be inaccurate, so this facility should be used to
 *              power heuristics and for reporting, not to make 100% correct
 *              calculation.
 *      Return
 *              Requested value, or 0, if *flags* are not recognized.
 *
 * long bpf_csum_level(struct sk_buff *skb, u64 level)
 *      Description
 *              Change the skbs checksum level by one layer up or down, or
 *              reset it entirely to none in order to have the stack perform
 *              checksum validation. The level is applicable to the following
 *              protocols: TCP, UDP, GRE, SCTP, FCOE. For example, a decap of
 *              | ETH | IP | UDP | GUE | IP | TCP | into | ETH | IP | TCP |
 *              through **bpf_skb_adjust_room**\ () helper with passing in
 *              **BPF_F_ADJ_ROOM_NO_CSUM_RESET** flag would require one call
 *              to **bpf_csum_level**\ () with **BPF_CSUM_LEVEL_DEC** since
 *              the UDP header is removed. Similarly, an encap of the latter
 *              into the former could be accompanied by a helper call to
 *              **bpf_csum_level**\ () with **BPF_CSUM_LEVEL_INC** if the
 *              skb is still intended to be processed in higher layers of the
 *              stack instead of just egressing at tc.
 *
 *              There are three supported level settings at this time:
 *
 *              * **BPF_CSUM_LEVEL_INC**: Increases skb->csum_level for skbs
 *                with CHECKSUM_UNNECESSARY.
 *              * **BPF_CSUM_LEVEL_DEC**: Decreases skb->csum_level for skbs
 *                with CHECKSUM_UNNECESSARY.
 *              * **BPF_CSUM_LEVEL_RESET**: Resets skb->csum_level to 0 and
 *                sets CHECKSUM_NONE to force checksum validation by the stack.
 *              * **BPF_CSUM_LEVEL_QUERY**: No-op, returns the current
 *                skb->csum_level.
 *      Return
 *              0 on success, or a negative error in case of failure. In the
 *              case of **BPF_CSUM_LEVEL_QUERY**, the current skb->csum_level
 *              is returned or the error code -EACCES in case the skb is not
 *              subject to CHECKSUM_UNNECESSARY.
 *
 * struct tcp6_sock *bpf_skc_to_tcp6_sock(void *sk)
 *      Description
 *              Dynamically cast a *sk* pointer to a *tcp6_sock* pointer.
 *      Return
 *              *sk* if casting is valid, or **NULL** otherwise.
 *
 * struct tcp_sock *bpf_skc_to_tcp_sock(void *sk)
 *      Description
 *              Dynamically cast a *sk* pointer to a *tcp_sock* pointer.
 *      Return
 *              *sk* if casting is valid, or **NULL** otherwise.
 *
 * struct tcp_timewait_sock *bpf_skc_to_tcp_timewait_sock(void *sk)
 *      Description
 *              Dynamically cast a *sk* pointer to a *tcp_timewait_sock* pointer.
 *      Return
 *              *sk* if casting is valid, or **NULL** otherwise.
 *
 * struct tcp_request_sock *bpf_skc_to_tcp_request_sock(void *sk)
 *      Description
 *              Dynamically cast a *sk* pointer to a *tcp_request_sock* pointer.
 *      Return
 *              *sk* if casting is valid, or **NULL** otherwise.
 *
 * struct udp6_sock *bpf_skc_to_udp6_sock(void *sk)
 *      Description
 *              Dynamically cast a *sk* pointer to a *udp6_sock* pointer.
 *      Return
 *              *sk* if casting is valid, or **NULL** otherwise.
 *
 * long bpf_get_task_stack(struct task_struct *task, void *buf, u32 size, u64 flags)
 *      Description
 *              Return a user or a kernel stack in bpf program provided buffer.
 *              Note: the user stack will only be populated if the *task* is
 *              the current task; all other tasks will return -EOPNOTSUPP.
 *              To achieve this, the helper needs *task*, which is a valid
 *              pointer to **struct task_struct**. To store the stacktrace, the
 *              bpf program provides *buf* with a nonnegative *size*.
 *
 *              The last argument, *flags*, holds the number of stack frames to
 *              skip (from 0 to 255), masked with
 *              **BPF_F_SKIP_FIELD_MASK**. The next bits can be used to set
 *              the following flags:
 *
 *              **BPF_F_USER_STACK**
 *                      Collect a user space stack instead of a kernel stack.
 *                      The *task* must be the current task.
 *              **BPF_F_USER_BUILD_ID**
 *                      Collect buildid+offset instead of ips for user stack,
 *                      only valid if **BPF_F_USER_STACK** is also specified.
 *
 *              **bpf_get_task_stack**\ () can collect up to
 *              **PERF_MAX_STACK_DEPTH** both kernel and user frames, subject
 *              to sufficient large buffer size. Note that
 *              this limit can be controlled with the **sysctl** program, and
 *              that it should be manually increased in order to profile long
 *              user stacks (such as stacks for Java programs). To do so, use:
 *
 *              ::
 *
 *                      # sysctl kernel.perf_event_max_stack=<new value>
 *      Return
 *              The non-negative copied *buf* length equal to or less than
 *              *size* on success, or a negative error in case of failure.
 *
 * long bpf_load_hdr_opt(struct bpf_sock_ops *skops, void *searchby_res, u32 len, u64 flags)
 *      Description
 *              Load header option.  Support reading a particular TCP header
 *              option for bpf program (**BPF_PROG_TYPE_SOCK_OPS**).
 *
 *              If *flags* is 0, it will search the option from the
 *              *skops*\ **->skb_data**.  The comment in **struct bpf_sock_ops**
 *              has details on what skb_data contains under different
 *              *skops*\ **->op**.
 *
 *              The first byte of the *searchby_res* specifies the
 *              kind that it wants to search.
 *
 *              If the searching kind is an experimental kind
 *              (i.e. 253 or 254 according to RFC6994).  It also
 *              needs to specify the "magic" which is either
 *              2 bytes or 4 bytes.  It then also needs to
 *              specify the size of the magic by using
 *              the 2nd byte which is "kind-length" of a TCP
 *              header option and the "kind-length" also
 *              includes the first 2 bytes "kind" and "kind-length"
 *              itself as a normal TCP header option also does.
 *
 *              For example, to search experimental kind 254 with
 *              2 byte magic 0xeB9F, the searchby_res should be
 *              [ 254, 4, 0xeB, 0x9F, 0, 0, .... 0 ].
 *
 *              To search for the standard window scale option (3),
 *              the *searchby_res* should be [ 3, 0, 0, .... 0 ].
 *              Note, kind-length must be 0 for regular option.
 *
 *              Searching for No-Op (0) and End-of-Option-List (1) are
 *              not supported.
 *
 *              *len* must be at least 2 bytes which is the minimal size
 *              of a header option.
 *
 *              Supported flags:
 *
 *              * **BPF_LOAD_HDR_OPT_TCP_SYN** to search from the
 *                saved_syn packet or the just-received syn packet.
 *
 *      Return
 *              > 0 when found, the header option is copied to *searchby_res*.
 *              The return value is the total length copied. On failure, a
 *              negative error code is returned:
 *
 *              **-EINVAL** if a parameter is invalid.
 *
 *              **-ENOMSG** if the option is not found.
 *
 *              **-ENOENT** if no syn packet is available when
 *              **BPF_LOAD_HDR_OPT_TCP_SYN** is used.
 *
 *              **-ENOSPC** if there is not enough space.  Only *len* number of
 *              bytes are copied.
 *
 *              **-EFAULT** on failure to parse the header options in the
 *              packet.
 *
 *              **-EPERM** if the helper cannot be used under the current
 *              *skops*\ **->op**.
 *
 * long bpf_store_hdr_opt(struct bpf_sock_ops *skops, const void *from, u32 len, u64 flags)
 *      Description
 *              Store header option.  The data will be copied
 *              from buffer *from* with length *len* to the TCP header.
 *
 *              The buffer *from* should have the whole option that
 *              includes the kind, kind-length, and the actual
 *              option data.  The *len* must be at least kind-length
 *              long.  The kind-length does not have to be 4 byte
 *              aligned.  The kernel will take care of the padding
 *              and setting the 4 bytes aligned value to th->doff.
 *
 *              This helper will check for duplicated option
 *              by searching the same option in the outgoing skb.
 *
 *              This helper can only be called during
 *              **BPF_SOCK_OPS_WRITE_HDR_OPT_CB**.
 *
 *      Return
 *              0 on success, or negative error in case of failure:
 *
 *              **-EINVAL** If param is invalid.
 *
 *              **-ENOSPC** if there is not enough space in the header.
 *              Nothing has been written
 *
 *              **-EEXIST** if the option already exists.
 *
 *              **-EFAULT** on failure to parse the existing header options.
 *
 *              **-EPERM** if the helper cannot be used under the current
 *              *skops*\ **->op**.
 *
 * long bpf_reserve_hdr_opt(struct bpf_sock_ops *skops, u32 len, u64 flags)
 *      Description
 *              Reserve *len* bytes for the bpf header option.  The
 *              space will be used by **bpf_store_hdr_opt**\ () later in
 *              **BPF_SOCK_OPS_WRITE_HDR_OPT_CB**.
 *
 *              If **bpf_reserve_hdr_opt**\ () is called multiple times,
 *              the total number of bytes will be reserved.
 *
 *              This helper can only be called during
 *              **BPF_SOCK_OPS_HDR_OPT_LEN_CB**.
 *
 *      Return
 *              0 on success, or negative error in case of failure:
 *
 *              **-EINVAL** if a parameter is invalid.
 *
 *              **-ENOSPC** if there is not enough space in the header.
 *
 *              **-EPERM** if the helper cannot be used under the current
 *              *skops*\ **->op**.
 *
 * void *bpf_inode_storage_get(struct bpf_map *map, void *inode, void *value, u64 flags)
 *      Description
 *              Get a bpf_local_storage from an *inode*.
 *
 *              Logically, it could be thought of as getting the value from
 *              a *map* with *inode* as the **key**.  From this
 *              perspective,  the usage is not much different from
 *              **bpf_map_lookup_elem**\ (*map*, **&**\ *inode*) except this
 *              helper enforces the key must be an inode and the map must also
 *              be a **BPF_MAP_TYPE_INODE_STORAGE**.
 *
 *              Underneath, the value is stored locally at *inode* instead of
 *              the *map*.  The *map* is used as the bpf-local-storage
 *              "type". The bpf-local-storage "type" (i.e. the *map*) is
 *              searched against all bpf_local_storage residing at *inode*.
 *
 *              An optional *flags* (**BPF_LOCAL_STORAGE_GET_F_CREATE**) can be
 *              used such that a new bpf_local_storage will be
 *              created if one does not exist.  *value* can be used
 *              together with **BPF_LOCAL_STORAGE_GET_F_CREATE** to specify
 *              the initial value of a bpf_local_storage.  If *value* is
 *              **NULL**, the new bpf_local_storage will be zero initialized.
 *      Return
 *              A bpf_local_storage pointer is returned on success.
 *
 *              **NULL** if not found or there was an error in adding
 *              a new bpf_local_storage.
 *
 * int bpf_inode_storage_delete(struct bpf_map *map, void *inode)
 *      Description
 *              Delete a bpf_local_storage from an *inode*.
 *      Return
 *              0 on success.
 *
 *              **-ENOENT** if the bpf_local_storage cannot be found.
 *
 * long bpf_d_path(struct path *path, char *buf, u32 sz)
 *      Description
 *              Return full path for given **struct path** object, which
 *              needs to be the kernel BTF *path* object. The path is
 *              returned in the provided buffer *buf* of size *sz* and
 *              is zero terminated.
 *
 *      Return
 *              On success, the strictly positive length of the string,
 *              including the trailing NUL character. On error, a negative
 *              value.
 *
 * long bpf_copy_from_user(void *dst, u32 size, const void *user_ptr)
 *      Description
 *              Read *size* bytes from user space address *user_ptr* and store
 *              the data in *dst*. This is a wrapper of **copy_from_user**\ ().
 *      Return
 *              0 on success, or a negative error in case of failure.
 *
 * long bpf_snprintf_btf(char *str, u32 str_size, struct btf_ptr *ptr, u32 btf_ptr_size, u64 flags)
 *      Description
 *              Use BTF to store a string representation of *ptr*->ptr in *str*,
 *              using *ptr*->type_id.  This value should specify the type
 *              that *ptr*->ptr points to. LLVM __builtin_btf_type_id(type, 1)
 *              can be used to look up vmlinux BTF type ids. Traversing the
 *              data structure using BTF, the type information and values are
 *              stored in the first *str_size* - 1 bytes of *str*.  Safe copy of
 *              the pointer data is carried out to avoid kernel crashes during
 *              operation.  Smaller types can use string space on the stack;
 *              larger programs can use map data to store the string
 *              representation.
 *
 *              The string can be subsequently shared with userspace via
 *              bpf_perf_event_output() or ring buffer interfaces.
 *              bpf_trace_printk() is to be avoided as it places too small
 *              a limit on string size to be useful.
 *
 *              *flags* is a combination of
 *
 *              **BTF_F_COMPACT**
 *                      no formatting around type information
 *              **BTF_F_NONAME**
 *                      no struct/union member names/types
 *              **BTF_F_PTR_RAW**
 *                      show raw (unobfuscated) pointer values;
 *                      equivalent to printk specifier %px.
 *              **BTF_F_ZERO**
 *                      show zero-valued struct/union members; they
 *                      are not displayed by default
 *
 *      Return
 *              The number of bytes that were written (or would have been
 *              written if output had to be truncated due to string size),
 *              or a negative error in cases of failure.
 *
 * long bpf_seq_printf_btf(struct seq_file *m, struct btf_ptr *ptr, u32 ptr_size, u64 flags)
 *      Description
 *              Use BTF to write to seq_write a string representation of
 *              *ptr*->ptr, using *ptr*->type_id as per bpf_snprintf_btf().
 *              *flags* are identical to those used for bpf_snprintf_btf.
 *      Return
 *              0 on success or a negative error in case of failure.
 *
 * u64 bpf_skb_cgroup_classid(struct sk_buff *skb)
 *      Description
 *              See **bpf_get_cgroup_classid**\ () for the main description.
 *              This helper differs from **bpf_get_cgroup_classid**\ () in that
 *              the cgroup v1 net_cls class is retrieved only from the *skb*'s
 *              associated socket instead of the current process.
 *      Return
 *              The id is returned or 0 in case the id could not be retrieved.
 *
 * long bpf_redirect_neigh(u32 ifindex, struct bpf_redir_neigh *params, int plen, u64 flags)
 *      Description
 *              Redirect the packet to another net device of index *ifindex*
 *              and fill in L2 addresses from neighboring subsystem. This helper
 *              is somewhat similar to **bpf_redirect**\ (), except that it
 *              populates L2 addresses as well, meaning, internally, the helper
 *              relies on the neighbor lookup for the L2 address of the nexthop.
 *
 *              The helper will perform a FIB lookup based on the skb's
 *              networking header to get the address of the next hop, unless
 *              this is supplied by the caller in the *params* argument. The
 *              *plen* argument indicates the len of *params* and should be set
 *              to 0 if *params* is NULL.
 *
 *              The *flags* argument is reserved and must be 0. The helper is
 *              currently only supported for tc BPF program types, and enabled
 *              for IPv4 and IPv6 protocols.
 *      Return
 *              The helper returns **TC_ACT_REDIRECT** on success or
 *              **TC_ACT_SHOT** on error.
 *
 * void *bpf_per_cpu_ptr(const void *percpu_ptr, u32 cpu)
 *     Description
 *             Take a pointer to a percpu ksym, *percpu_ptr*, and return a
 *             pointer to the percpu kernel variable on *cpu*. A ksym is an
 *             extern variable decorated with '__ksym'. For ksym, there is a
 *             global var (either static or global) defined of the same name
 *             in the kernel. The ksym is percpu if the global var is percpu.
 *             The returned pointer points to the global percpu var on *cpu*.
 *
 *             bpf_per_cpu_ptr() has the same semantic as per_cpu_ptr() in the
 *             kernel, except that bpf_per_cpu_ptr() may return NULL. This
 *             happens if *cpu* is larger than nr_cpu_ids. The caller of
 *             bpf_per_cpu_ptr() must check the returned value.
 *     Return
 *             A pointer pointing to the kernel percpu variable on *cpu*, or
 *             NULL, if *cpu* is invalid.
 *
 * void *bpf_this_cpu_ptr(const void *percpu_ptr)
 *      Description
 *              Take a pointer to a percpu ksym, *percpu_ptr*, and return a
 *              pointer to the percpu kernel variable on this cpu. See the
 *              description of 'ksym' in **bpf_per_cpu_ptr**\ ().
 *
 *              bpf_this_cpu_ptr() has the same semantic as this_cpu_ptr() in
 *              the kernel. Different from **bpf_per_cpu_ptr**\ (), it would
 *              never return NULL.
 *      Return
 *              A pointer pointing to the kernel percpu variable on this cpu.
 *
 * long bpf_redirect_peer(u32 ifindex, u64 flags)
 *      Description
 *              Redirect the packet to another net device of index *ifindex*.
 *              This helper is somewhat similar to **bpf_redirect**\ (), except
 *              that the redirection happens to the *ifindex*' peer device and
 *              the netns switch takes place from ingress to ingress without
 *              going through the CPU's backlog queue.
 *
 *              The *flags* argument is reserved and must be 0. The helper is
 *              currently only supported for tc BPF program types at the ingress
 *              hook and for veth device types. The peer device must reside in a
 *              different network namespace.
 *      Return
 *              The helper returns **TC_ACT_REDIRECT** on success or
 *              **TC_ACT_SHOT** on error.
 *
 * void *bpf_task_storage_get(struct bpf_map *map, struct task_struct *task, void *value, u64 flags)
 *      Description
 *              Get a bpf_local_storage from the *task*.
 *
 *              Logically, it could be thought of as getting the value from
 *              a *map* with *task* as the **key**.  From this
 *              perspective,  the usage is not much different from
 *              **bpf_map_lookup_elem**\ (*map*, **&**\ *task*) except this
 *              helper enforces the key must be a task_struct and the map must also
 *              be a **BPF_MAP_TYPE_TASK_STORAGE**.
 *
 *              Underneath, the value is stored locally at *task* instead of
 *              the *map*.  The *map* is used as the bpf-local-storage
 *              "type". The bpf-local-storage "type" (i.e. the *map*) is
 *              searched against all bpf_local_storage residing at *task*.
 *
 *              An optional *flags* (**BPF_LOCAL_STORAGE_GET_F_CREATE**) can be
 *              used such that a new bpf_local_storage will be
 *              created if one does not exist.  *value* can be used
 *              together with **BPF_LOCAL_STORAGE_GET_F_CREATE** to specify
 *              the initial value of a bpf_local_storage.  If *value* is
 *              **NULL**, the new bpf_local_storage will be zero initialized.
 *      Return
 *              A bpf_local_storage pointer is returned on success.
 *
 *              **NULL** if not found or there was an error in adding
 *              a new bpf_local_storage.
 *
 * long bpf_task_storage_delete(struct bpf_map *map, struct task_struct *task)
 *      Description
 *              Delete a bpf_local_storage from a *task*.
 *      Return
 *              0 on success.
 *
 *              **-ENOENT** if the bpf_local_storage cannot be found.
 *
 * struct task_struct *bpf_get_current_task_btf(void)
 *      Description
 *              Return a BTF pointer to the "current" task.
 *              This pointer can also be used in helpers that accept an
 *              *ARG_PTR_TO_BTF_ID* of type *task_struct*.
 *      Return
 *              Pointer to the current task.
 *
 * long bpf_bprm_opts_set(struct linux_binprm *bprm, u64 flags)
 *      Description
 *              Set or clear certain options on *bprm*:
 *
 *              **BPF_F_BPRM_SECUREEXEC** Set the secureexec bit
 *              which sets the **AT_SECURE** auxv for glibc. The bit
 *              is cleared if the flag is not specified.
 *      Return
 *              **-EINVAL** if invalid *flags* are passed, zero otherwise.
 *
 * u64 bpf_ktime_get_coarse_ns(void)
 *      Description
 *              Return a coarse-grained version of the time elapsed since
 *              system boot, in nanoseconds. Does not include time the system
 *              was suspended.
 *
 *              See: **clock_gettime**\ (**CLOCK_MONOTONIC_COARSE**)
 *      Return
 *              Current *ktime*.
 *
 * long bpf_ima_inode_hash(struct inode *inode, void *dst, u32 size)
 *      Description
 *              Returns the stored IMA hash of the *inode* (if it's available).
 *              If the hash is larger than *size*, then only *size*
 *              bytes will be copied to *dst*
 *      Return
 *              The **hash_algo** is returned on success,
 *              **-EOPNOTSUP** if IMA is disabled or **-EINVAL** if
 *              invalid arguments are passed.
 *
 * struct socket *bpf_sock_from_file(struct file *file)
 *      Description
 *              If the given file represents a socket, returns the associated
 *              socket.
 *      Return
 *              A pointer to a struct socket on success or NULL if the file is
 *              not a socket.
 *
 * long bpf_check_mtu(void *ctx, u32 ifindex, u32 *mtu_len, s32 len_diff, u64 flags)
 *      Description
 *              Check packet size against exceeding MTU of net device (based
 *              on *ifindex*).  This helper will likely be used in combination
 *              with helpers that adjust/change the packet size.
 *
 *              The argument *len_diff* can be used for querying with a planned
 *              size change. This allows to check MTU prior to changing packet
 *              ctx. Providing a *len_diff* adjustment that is larger than the
 *              actual packet size (resulting in negative packet size) will in
 *              principle not exceed the MTU, which is why it is not considered
 *              a failure.  Other BPF helpers are needed for performing the
 *              planned size change; therefore the responsibility for catching
 *              a negative packet size belongs in those helpers.
 *
 *              Specifying *ifindex* zero means the MTU check is performed
 *              against the current net device.  This is practical if this isn't
 *              used prior to redirect.
 *
 *              On input *mtu_len* must be a valid pointer, else verifier will
 *              reject BPF program.  If the value *mtu_len* is initialized to
 *              zero then the ctx packet size is use.  When value *mtu_len* is
 *              provided as input this specify the L3 length that the MTU check
 *              is done against. Remember XDP and TC length operate at L2, but
 *              this value is L3 as this correlate to MTU and IP-header tot_len
 *              values which are L3 (similar behavior as bpf_fib_lookup).
 *
 *              The Linux kernel route table can configure MTUs on a more
 *              specific per route level, which is not provided by this helper.
 *              For route level MTU checks use the **bpf_fib_lookup**\ ()
 *              helper.
 *
 *              *ctx* is either **struct xdp_md** for XDP programs or
 *              **struct sk_buff** for tc cls_act programs.
 *
 *              The *flags* argument can be a combination of one or more of the
 *              following values:
 *
 *              **BPF_MTU_CHK_SEGS**
 *                      This flag will only works for *ctx* **struct sk_buff**.
 *                      If packet context contains extra packet segment buffers
 *                      (often knows as GSO skb), then MTU check is harder to
 *                      check at this point, because in transmit path it is
 *                      possible for the skb packet to get re-segmented
 *                      (depending on net device features).  This could still be
 *                      a MTU violation, so this flag enables performing MTU
 *                      check against segments, with a different violation
 *                      return code to tell it apart. Check cannot use len_diff.
 *
 *              On return *mtu_len* pointer contains the MTU value of the net
 *              device.  Remember the net device configured MTU is the L3 size,
 *              which is returned here and XDP and TC length operate at L2.
 *              Helper take this into account for you, but remember when using
 *              MTU value in your BPF-code.
 *
 *      Return
 *              * 0 on success, and populate MTU value in *mtu_len* pointer.
 *
 *              * < 0 if any input argument is invalid (*mtu_len* not updated)
 *
 *              MTU violations return positive values, but also populate MTU
 *              value in *mtu_len* pointer, as this can be needed for
 *              implementing PMTU handing:
 *
 *              * **BPF_MTU_CHK_RET_FRAG_NEEDED**
 *              * **BPF_MTU_CHK_RET_SEGS_TOOBIG**
 *
 * long bpf_for_each_map_elem(struct bpf_map *map, void *callback_fn, void *callback_ctx, u64 flags)
 *      Description
 *              For each element in **map**, call **callback_fn** function with
 *              **map**, **callback_ctx** and other map-specific parameters.
 *              The **callback_fn** should be a static function and
 *              the **callback_ctx** should be a pointer to the stack.
 *              The **flags** is used to control certain aspects of the helper.
 *              Currently, the **flags** must be 0.
 *
 *              The following are a list of supported map types and their
 *              respective expected callback signatures:
 *
 *              BPF_MAP_TYPE_HASH, BPF_MAP_TYPE_PERCPU_HASH,
 *              BPF_MAP_TYPE_LRU_HASH, BPF_MAP_TYPE_LRU_PERCPU_HASH,
 *              BPF_MAP_TYPE_ARRAY, BPF_MAP_TYPE_PERCPU_ARRAY
 *
 *              long (\*callback_fn)(struct bpf_map \*map, const void \*key, void \*value, void \*ctx);
 *
 *              For per_cpu maps, the map_value is the value on the cpu where the
 *              bpf_prog is running.
 *
 *              If **callback_fn** return 0, the helper will continue to the next
 *              element. If return value is 1, the helper will skip the rest of
 *              elements and return. Other return values are not used now.
 *
 *      Return
 *              The number of traversed map elements for success, **-EINVAL** for
 *              invalid **flags**.
 *
 * long bpf_snprintf(char *str, u32 str_size, const char *fmt, u64 *data, u32 data_len)
 *      Description
 *              Outputs a string into the **str** buffer of size **str_size**
 *              based on a format string stored in a read-only map pointed by
 *              **fmt**.
 *
 *              Each format specifier in **fmt** corresponds to one u64 element
 *              in the **data** array. For strings and pointers where pointees
 *              are accessed, only the pointer values are stored in the *data*
 *              array. The *data_len* is the size of *data* in bytes - must be
 *              a multiple of 8.
 *
 *              Formats **%s** and **%p{i,I}{4,6}** require to read kernel
 *              memory. Reading kernel memory may fail due to either invalid
 *              address or valid address but requiring a major memory fault. If
 *              reading kernel memory fails, the string for **%s** will be an
 *              empty string, and the ip address for **%p{i,I}{4,6}** will be 0.
 *              Not returning error to bpf program is consistent with what
 *              **bpf_trace_printk**\ () does for now.
 *
 *      Return
 *              The strictly positive length of the formatted string, including
 *              the trailing zero character. If the return value is greater than
 *              **str_size**, **str** contains a truncated string, guaranteed to
 *              be zero-terminated except when **str_size** is 0.
 *
 *              Or **-EBUSY** if the per-CPU memory copy buffer is busy.
 *
 * long bpf_sys_bpf(u32 cmd, void *attr, u32 attr_size)
 *      Description
 *              Execute bpf syscall with given arguments.
 *      Return
 *              A syscall result.
 *
 * long bpf_btf_find_by_name_kind(char *name, int name_sz, u32 kind, int flags)
 *      Description
 *              Find BTF type with given name and kind in vmlinux BTF or in module's BTFs.
 *      Return
 *              Returns btf_id and btf_obj_fd in lower and upper 32 bits.
 *
 * long bpf_sys_close(u32 fd)
 *      Description
 *              Execute close syscall for given FD.
 *      Return
 *              A syscall result.
 *
 * long bpf_timer_init(struct bpf_timer *timer, struct bpf_map *map, u64 flags)
 *      Description
 *              Initialize the timer.
 *              First 4 bits of *flags* specify clockid.
 *              Only CLOCK_MONOTONIC, CLOCK_REALTIME, CLOCK_BOOTTIME are allowed.
 *              All other bits of *flags* are reserved.
 *              The verifier will reject the program if *timer* is not from
 *              the same *map*.
 *      Return
 *              0 on success.
 *              **-EBUSY** if *timer* is already initialized.
 *              **-EINVAL** if invalid *flags* are passed.
 *              **-EPERM** if *timer* is in a map that doesn't have any user references.
 *              The user space should either hold a file descriptor to a map with timers
 *              or pin such map in bpffs. When map is unpinned or file descriptor is
 *              closed all timers in the map will be cancelled and freed.
 *
 * long bpf_timer_set_callback(struct bpf_timer *timer, void *callback_fn)
 *      Description
 *              Configure the timer to call *callback_fn* static function.
 *      Return
 *              0 on success.
 *              **-EINVAL** if *timer* was not initialized with bpf_timer_init() earlier.
 *              **-EPERM** if *timer* is in a map that doesn't have any user references.
 *              The user space should either hold a file descriptor to a map with timers
 *              or pin such map in bpffs. When map is unpinned or file descriptor is
 *              closed all timers in the map will be cancelled and freed.
 *
 * long bpf_timer_start(struct bpf_timer *timer, u64 nsecs, u64 flags)
 *      Description
 *              Set timer expiration N nanoseconds from the current time. The
 *              configured callback will be invoked in soft irq context on some cpu
 *              and will not repeat unless another bpf_timer_start() is made.
 *              In such case the next invocation can migrate to a different cpu.
 *              Since struct bpf_timer is a field inside map element the map
 *              owns the timer. The bpf_timer_set_callback() will increment refcnt
 *              of BPF program to make sure that callback_fn code stays valid.
 *              When user space reference to a map reaches zero all timers
 *              in a map are cancelled and corresponding program's refcnts are
 *              decremented. This is done to make sure that Ctrl-C of a user
 *              process doesn't leave any timers running. If map is pinned in
 *              bpffs the callback_fn can re-arm itself indefinitely.
 *              bpf_map_update/delete_elem() helpers and user space sys_bpf commands
 *              cancel and free the timer in the given map element.
 *              The map can contain timers that invoke callback_fn-s from different
 *              programs. The same callback_fn can serve different timers from
 *              different maps if key/value layout matches across maps.
 *              Every bpf_timer_set_callback() can have different callback_fn.
 *
 *      Return
 *              0 on success.
 *              **-EINVAL** if *timer* was not initialized with bpf_timer_init() earlier
 *              or invalid *flags* are passed.
 *
 * long bpf_timer_cancel(struct bpf_timer *timer)
 *      Description
 *              Cancel the timer and wait for callback_fn to finish if it was running.
 *      Return
 *              0 if the timer was not active.
 *              1 if the timer was active.
 *              **-EINVAL** if *timer* was not initialized with bpf_timer_init() earlier.
 *              **-EDEADLK** if callback_fn tried to call bpf_timer_cancel() on its
 *              own timer which would have led to a deadlock otherwise.
 *
 * u64 bpf_get_func_ip(void *ctx)
 *      Description
 *              Get address of the traced function (for tracing and kprobe programs).
 *      Return
 *              Address of the traced function.
 *              0 for kprobes placed within the function (not at the entry).
 *
 * u64 bpf_get_attach_cookie(void *ctx)
 *      Description
 *              Get bpf_cookie value provided (optionally) during the program
 *              attachment. It might be different for each individual
 *              attachment, even if BPF program itself is the same.
 *              Expects BPF program context *ctx* as a first argument.
 *
 *              Supported for the following program types:
 *                      - kprobe/uprobe;
 *                      - tracepoint;
 *                      - perf_event.
 *      Return
 *              Value specified by user at BPF link creation/attachment time
 *              or 0, if it was not specified.
 *
 * long bpf_task_pt_regs(struct task_struct *task)
 *      Description
 *              Get the struct pt_regs associated with **task**.
 *      Return
 *              A pointer to struct pt_regs.
 *
 * long bpf_get_branch_snapshot(void *entries, u32 size, u64 flags)
 *      Description
 *              Get branch trace from hardware engines like Intel LBR. The
 *              hardware engine is stopped shortly after the helper is
 *              called. Therefore, the user need to filter branch entries
 *              based on the actual use case. To capture branch trace
 *              before the trigger point of the BPF program, the helper
 *              should be called at the beginning of the BPF program.
 *
 *              The data is stored as struct perf_branch_entry into output
 *              buffer *entries*. *size* is the size of *entries* in bytes.
 *              *flags* is reserved for now and must be zero.
 *
 *      Return
 *              On success, number of bytes written to *buf*. On error, a
 *              negative value.
 *
 *              **-EINVAL** if *flags* is not zero.
 *
 *              **-ENOENT** if architecture does not support branch records.
 *
 * long bpf_trace_vprintk(const char *fmt, u32 fmt_size, const void *data, u32 data_len)
 *      Description
 *              Behaves like **bpf_trace_printk**\ () helper, but takes an array of u64
 *              to format and can handle more format args as a result.
 *
 *              Arguments are to be used as in **bpf_seq_printf**\ () helper.
 *      Return
 *              The number of bytes written to the buffer, or a negative error
 *              in case of failure.
 *
 * struct unix_sock *bpf_skc_to_unix_sock(void *sk)
 *      Description
 *              Dynamically cast a *sk* pointer to a *unix_sock* pointer.
 *      Return
 *              *sk* if casting is valid, or **NULL** otherwise.
 *
 * long bpf_kallsyms_lookup_name(const char *name, int name_sz, int flags, u64 *res)
 *      Description
 *              Get the address of a kernel symbol, returned in *res*. *res* is
 *              set to 0 if the symbol is not found.
 *      Return
 *              On success, zero. On error, a negative value.
 *
 *              **-EINVAL** if *flags* is not zero.
 *
 *              **-EINVAL** if string *name* is not the same size as *name_sz*.
 *
 *              **-ENOENT** if symbol is not found.
 *
 *              **-EPERM** if caller does not have permission to obtain kernel address.
 *
 * long bpf_find_vma(struct task_struct *task, u64 addr, void *callback_fn, void *callback_ctx, u64 flags)
 *      Description
 *              Find vma of *task* that contains *addr*, call *callback_fn*
 *              function with *task*, *vma*, and *callback_ctx*.
 *              The *callback_fn* should be a static function and
 *              the *callback_ctx* should be a pointer to the stack.
 *              The *flags* is used to control certain aspects of the helper.
 *              Currently, the *flags* must be 0.
 *
 *              The expected callback signature is
 *
 *              long (\*callback_fn)(struct task_struct \*task, struct vm_area_struct \*vma, void \*callback_ctx);
 *
 *      Return
 *              0 on success.
 *              **-ENOENT** if *task->mm* is NULL, or no vma contains *addr*.
 *              **-EBUSY** if failed to try lock mmap_lock.
 *              **-EINVAL** for invalid **flags**.
 *
 * long bpf_loop(u32 nr_loops, void *callback_fn, void *callback_ctx, u64 flags)
 *      Description
 *              For **nr_loops**, call **callback_fn** function
 *              with **callback_ctx** as the context parameter.
 *              The **callback_fn** should be a static function and
 *              the **callback_ctx** should be a pointer to the stack.
 *              The **flags** is used to control certain aspects of the helper.
 *              Currently, the **flags** must be 0. Currently, nr_loops is
 *              limited to 1 << 23 (~8 million) loops.
 *
 *              long (\*callback_fn)(u32 index, void \*ctx);
 *
 *              where **index** is the current index in the loop. The index
 *              is zero-indexed.
 *
 *              If **callback_fn** returns 0, the helper will continue to the next
 *              loop. If return value is 1, the helper will skip the rest of
 *              the loops and return. Other return values are not used now,
 *              and will be rejected by the verifier.
 *
 *      Return
 *              The number of loops performed, **-EINVAL** for invalid **flags**,
 *              **-E2BIG** if **nr_loops** exceeds the maximum number of loops.
 *
 * long bpf_strncmp(const char *s1, u32 s1_sz, const char *s2)
 *      Description
 *              Do strncmp() between **s1** and **s2**. **s1** doesn't need
 *              to be null-terminated and **s1_sz** is the maximum storage
 *              size of **s1**. **s2** must be a read-only string.
 *      Return
 *              An integer less than, equal to, or greater than zero
 *              if the first **s1_sz** bytes of **s1** is found to be
 *              less than, to match, or be greater than **s2**.
 *
 * long bpf_get_func_arg(void *ctx, u32 n, u64 *value)
 *      Description
 *              Get **n**-th argument register (zero based) of the traced function (for tracing programs)
 *              returned in **value**.
 *
 *      Return
 *              0 on success.
 *              **-EINVAL** if n >= argument register count of traced function.
 *
 * long bpf_get_func_ret(void *ctx, u64 *value)
 *      Description
 *              Get return value of the traced function (for tracing programs)
 *              in **value**.
 *
 *      Return
 *              0 on success.
 *              **-EOPNOTSUPP** for tracing programs other than BPF_TRACE_FEXIT or BPF_MODIFY_RETURN.
 *
 * long bpf_get_func_arg_cnt(void *ctx)
 *      Description
 *              Get number of registers of the traced function (for tracing programs) where
 *              function arguments are stored in these registers.
 *
 *      Return
 *              The number of argument registers of the traced function.
 *
 * int bpf_get_retval(void)
 *      Description
 *              Get the BPF program's return value that will be returned to the upper layers.
 *
 *              This helper is currently supported by cgroup programs and only by the hooks
 *              where BPF program's return value is returned to the userspace via errno.
 *      Return
 *              The BPF program's return value.
 *
 * int bpf_set_retval(int retval)
 *      Description
 *              Set the BPF program's return value that will be returned to the upper layers.
 *
 *              This helper is currently supported by cgroup programs and only by the hooks
 *              where BPF program's return value is returned to the userspace via errno.
 *
 *              Note that there is the following corner case where the program exports an error
 *              via bpf_set_retval but signals success via 'return 1':
 *
 *                      bpf_set_retval(-EPERM);
 *                      return 1;
 *
 *              In this case, the BPF program's return value will use helper's -EPERM. This
 *              still holds true for cgroup/bind{4,6} which supports extra 'return 3' success case.
 *
 *      Return
 *              0 on success, or a negative error in case of failure.
 *
 * u64 bpf_xdp_get_buff_len(struct xdp_buff *xdp_md)
 *      Description
 *              Get the total size of a given xdp buff (linear and paged area)
 *      Return
 *              The total size of a given xdp buffer.
 *
 * long bpf_xdp_load_bytes(struct xdp_buff *xdp_md, u32 offset, void *buf, u32 len)
 *      Description
 *              This helper is provided as an easy way to load data from a
 *              xdp buffer. It can be used to load *len* bytes from *offset* from
 *              the frame associated to *xdp_md*, into the buffer pointed by
 *              *buf*.
 *      Return
 *              0 on success, or a negative error in case of failure.
 *
 * long bpf_xdp_store_bytes(struct xdp_buff *xdp_md, u32 offset, void *buf, u32 len)
 *      Description
 *              Store *len* bytes from buffer *buf* into the frame
 *              associated to *xdp_md*, at *offset*.
 *      Return
 *              0 on success, or a negative error in case of failure.
 *
 * long bpf_copy_from_user_task(void *dst, u32 size, const void *user_ptr, struct task_struct *tsk, u64 flags)
 *      Description
 *              Read *size* bytes from user space address *user_ptr* in *tsk*'s
 *              address space, and stores the data in *dst*. *flags* is not
 *              used yet and is provided for future extensibility. This helper
 *              can only be used by sleepable programs.
 *      Return
 *              0 on success, or a negative error in case of failure. On error
 *              *dst* buffer is zeroed out.
 *
 * long bpf_skb_set_tstamp(struct sk_buff *skb, u64 tstamp, u32 tstamp_type)
 *      Description
 *              Change the __sk_buff->tstamp_type to *tstamp_type*
 *              and set *tstamp* to the __sk_buff->tstamp together.
 *
 *              If there is no need to change the __sk_buff->tstamp_type,
 *              the tstamp value can be directly written to __sk_buff->tstamp
 *              instead.
 *
 *              BPF_SKB_TSTAMP_DELIVERY_MONO is the only tstamp that
 *              will be kept during bpf_redirect_*().  A non zero
 *              *tstamp* must be used with the BPF_SKB_TSTAMP_DELIVERY_MONO
 *              *tstamp_type*.
 *
 *              A BPF_SKB_TSTAMP_UNSPEC *tstamp_type* can only be used
 *              with a zero *tstamp*.
 *
 *              Only IPv4 and IPv6 skb->protocol are supported.
 *
 *              This function is most useful when it needs to set a
 *              mono delivery time to __sk_buff->tstamp and then
 *              bpf_redirect_*() to the egress of an iface.  For example,
 *              changing the (rcv) timestamp in __sk_buff->tstamp at
 *              ingress to a mono delivery time and then bpf_redirect_*()
 *              to sch_fq@phy-dev.
 *      Return
 *              0 on success.
 *              **-EINVAL** for invalid input
 *              **-EOPNOTSUPP** for unsupported protocol
 *
 * long bpf_ima_file_hash(struct file *file, void *dst, u32 size)
 *      Description
 *              Returns a calculated IMA hash of the *file*.
 *              If the hash is larger than *size*, then only *size*
 *              bytes will be copied to *dst*
 *      Return
 *              The **hash_algo** is returned on success,
 *              **-EOPNOTSUP** if the hash calculation failed or **-EINVAL** if
 *              invalid arguments are passed.
 *
 * void *bpf_kptr_xchg(void *map_value, void *ptr)
 *      Description
 *              Exchange kptr at pointer *map_value* with *ptr*, and return the
 *              old value. *ptr* can be NULL, otherwise it must be a referenced
 *              pointer which will be released when this helper is called.
 *      Return
 *              The old value of kptr (which can be NULL). The returned pointer
 *              if not NULL, is a reference which must be released using its
 *              corresponding release function, or moved into a BPF map before
 *              program exit.
 *
 * void *bpf_map_lookup_percpu_elem(struct bpf_map *map, const void *key, u32 cpu)
 *      Description
 *              Perform a lookup in *percpu map* for an entry associated to
 *              *key* on *cpu*.
 *      Return
 *              Map value associated to *key* on *cpu*, or **NULL** if no entry
 *              was found or *cpu* is invalid.
 *
 * struct mptcp_sock *bpf_skc_to_mptcp_sock(void *sk)
 *      Description
 *              Dynamically cast a *sk* pointer to a *mptcp_sock* pointer.
 *      Return
 *              *sk* if casting is valid, or **NULL** otherwise.
 *
 * long bpf_dynptr_from_mem(void *data, u32 size, u64 flags, struct bpf_dynptr *ptr)
 *      Description
 *              Get a dynptr to local memory *data*.
 *
 *              *data* must be a ptr to a map value.
 *              The maximum *size* supported is DYNPTR_MAX_SIZE.
 *              *flags* is currently unused.
 *      Return
 *              0 on success, -E2BIG if the size exceeds DYNPTR_MAX_SIZE,
 *              -EINVAL if flags is not 0.
 *
 * long bpf_ringbuf_reserve_dynptr(void *ringbuf, u32 size, u64 flags, struct bpf_dynptr *ptr)
 *      Description
 *              Reserve *size* bytes of payload in a ring buffer *ringbuf*
 *              through the dynptr interface. *flags* must be 0.
 *
 *              Please note that a corresponding bpf_ringbuf_submit_dynptr or
 *              bpf_ringbuf_discard_dynptr must be called on *ptr*, even if the
 *              reservation fails. This is enforced by the verifier.
 *      Return
 *              0 on success, or a negative error in case of failure.
 *
 * void bpf_ringbuf_submit_dynptr(struct bpf_dynptr *ptr, u64 flags)
 *      Description
 *              Submit reserved ring buffer sample, pointed to by *data*,
 *              through the dynptr interface. This is a no-op if the dynptr is
 *              invalid/null.
 *
 *              For more information on *flags*, please see
 *              'bpf_ringbuf_submit'.
 *      Return
 *              Nothing. Always succeeds.
 *
 * void bpf_ringbuf_discard_dynptr(struct bpf_dynptr *ptr, u64 flags)
 *      Description
 *              Discard reserved ring buffer sample through the dynptr
 *              interface. This is a no-op if the dynptr is invalid/null.
 *
 *              For more information on *flags*, please see
 *              'bpf_ringbuf_discard'.
 *      Return
 *              Nothing. Always succeeds.
 *
 * long bpf_dynptr_read(void *dst, u32 len, struct bpf_dynptr *src, u32 offset, u64 flags)
 *      Description
 *              Read *len* bytes from *src* into *dst*, starting from *offset*
 *              into *src*.
 *              *flags* is currently unused.
 *      Return
 *              0 on success, -E2BIG if *offset* + *len* exceeds the length
 *              of *src*'s data, -EINVAL if *src* is an invalid dynptr or if
 *              *flags* is not 0.
 *
 * long bpf_dynptr_write(struct bpf_dynptr *dst, u32 offset, void *src, u32 len, u64 flags)
 *      Description
 *              Write *len* bytes from *src* into *dst*, starting from *offset*
 *              into *dst*.
 *              *flags* is currently unused.
 *      Return
 *              0 on success, -E2BIG if *offset* + *len* exceeds the length
 *              of *dst*'s data, -EINVAL if *dst* is an invalid dynptr or if *dst*
 *              is a read-only dynptr or if *flags* is not 0.
 *
 * void *bpf_dynptr_data(struct bpf_dynptr *ptr, u32 offset, u32 len)
 *      Description
 *              Get a pointer to the underlying dynptr data.
 *
 *              *len* must be a statically known value. The returned data slice
 *              is invalidated whenever the dynptr is invalidated.
 *      Return
 *              Pointer to the underlying dynptr data, NULL if the dynptr is
 *              read-only, if the dynptr is invalid, or if the offset and length
 *              is out of bounds.
 *
 * s64 bpf_tcp_raw_gen_syncookie_ipv4(struct iphdr *iph, struct tcphdr *th, u32 th_len)
 *      Description
 *              Try to issue a SYN cookie for the packet with corresponding
 *              IPv4/TCP headers, *iph* and *th*, without depending on a
 *              listening socket.
 *
 *              *iph* points to the IPv4 header.
 *
 *              *th* points to the start of the TCP header, while *th_len*
 *              contains the length of the TCP header (at least
 *              **sizeof**\ (**struct tcphdr**)).
 *      Return
 *              On success, lower 32 bits hold the generated SYN cookie in
 *              followed by 16 bits which hold the MSS value for that cookie,
 *              and the top 16 bits are unused.
 *
 *              On failure, the returned value is one of the following:
 *
 *              **-EINVAL** if *th_len* is invalid.
 *
 * s64 bpf_tcp_raw_gen_syncookie_ipv6(struct ipv6hdr *iph, struct tcphdr *th, u32 th_len)
 *      Description
 *              Try to issue a SYN cookie for the packet with corresponding
 *              IPv6/TCP headers, *iph* and *th*, without depending on a
 *              listening socket.
 *
 *              *iph* points to the IPv6 header.
 *
 *              *th* points to the start of the TCP header, while *th_len*
 *              contains the length of the TCP header (at least
 *              **sizeof**\ (**struct tcphdr**)).
 *      Return
 *              On success, lower 32 bits hold the generated SYN cookie in
 *              followed by 16 bits which hold the MSS value for that cookie,
 *              and the top 16 bits are unused.
 *
 *              On failure, the returned value is one of the following:
 *
 *              **-EINVAL** if *th_len* is invalid.
 *
 *              **-EPROTONOSUPPORT** if CONFIG_IPV6 is not builtin.
 *
 * long bpf_tcp_raw_check_syncookie_ipv4(struct iphdr *iph, struct tcphdr *th)
 *      Description
 *              Check whether *iph* and *th* contain a valid SYN cookie ACK
 *              without depending on a listening socket.
 *
 *              *iph* points to the IPv4 header.
 *
 *              *th* points to the TCP header.
 *      Return
 *              0 if *iph* and *th* are a valid SYN cookie ACK.
 *
 *              On failure, the returned value is one of the following:
 *
 *              **-EACCES** if the SYN cookie is not valid.
 *
 * long bpf_tcp_raw_check_syncookie_ipv6(struct ipv6hdr *iph, struct tcphdr *th)
 *      Description
 *              Check whether *iph* and *th* contain a valid SYN cookie ACK
 *              without depending on a listening socket.
 *
 *              *iph* points to the IPv6 header.
 *
 *              *th* points to the TCP header.
 *      Return
 *              0 if *iph* and *th* are a valid SYN cookie ACK.
 *
 *              On failure, the returned value is one of the following:
 *
 *              **-EACCES** if the SYN cookie is not valid.
 *
 *              **-EPROTONOSUPPORT** if CONFIG_IPV6 is not builtin.
 *
 * u64 bpf_ktime_get_tai_ns(void)
 *      Description
 *              A nonsettable system-wide clock derived from wall-clock time but
 *              ignoring leap seconds.  This clock does not experience
 *              discontinuities and backwards jumps caused by NTP inserting leap
 *              seconds as CLOCK_REALTIME does.
 *
 *              See: **clock_gettime**\ (**CLOCK_TAI**)
 *      Return
 *              Current *ktime*.
 *
 * long bpf_user_ringbuf_drain(struct bpf_map *map, void *callback_fn, void *ctx, u64 flags)
 *      Description
 *              Drain samples from the specified user ring buffer, and invoke
 *              the provided callback for each such sample:
 *
 *              long (\*callback_fn)(struct bpf_dynptr \*dynptr, void \*ctx);
 *
 *              If **callback_fn** returns 0, the helper will continue to try
 *              and drain the next sample, up to a maximum of
 *              BPF_MAX_USER_RINGBUF_SAMPLES samples. If the return value is 1,
 *              the helper will skip the rest of the samples and return. Other
 *              return values are not used now, and will be rejected by the
 *              verifier.
 *      Return
 *              The number of drained samples if no error was encountered while
 *              draining samples, or 0 if no samples were present in the ring
 *              buffer. If a user-space producer was epoll-waiting on this map,
 *              and at least one sample was drained, they will receive an event
 *              notification notifying them of available space in the ring
 *              buffer. If the BPF_RB_NO_WAKEUP flag is passed to this
 *              function, no wakeup notification will be sent. If the
 *              BPF_RB_FORCE_WAKEUP flag is passed, a wakeup notification will
 *              be sent even if no sample was drained.
 *
 *              On failure, the returned value is one of the following:
 *
 *              **-EBUSY** if the ring buffer is contended, and another calling
 *              context was concurrently draining the ring buffer.
 *
 *              **-EINVAL** if user-space is not properly tracking the ring
 *              buffer due to the producer position not being aligned to 8
 *              bytes, a sample not being aligned to 8 bytes, or the producer
 *              position not matching the advertised length of a sample.
 *
 *              **-E2BIG** if user-space has tried to publish a sample which is
 *              larger than the size of the ring buffer, or which cannot fit
 *              within a struct bpf_dynptr.
 */
#define __BPF_FUNC_MAPPER(FN)           \
        FN(unspec),                     \
        FN(map_lookup_elem),            \
        FN(map_update_elem),            \
        FN(map_delete_elem),            \
        FN(probe_read),                 \
        FN(ktime_get_ns),               \
        FN(trace_printk),               \
        FN(get_prandom_u32),            \
        FN(get_smp_processor_id),       \
        FN(skb_store_bytes),            \
        FN(l3_csum_replace),            \
        FN(l4_csum_replace),            \
        FN(tail_call),                  \
        FN(clone_redirect),             \
        FN(get_current_pid_tgid),       \
        FN(get_current_uid_gid),        \
        FN(get_current_comm),           \
        FN(get_cgroup_classid),         \
        FN(skb_vlan_push),              \
        FN(skb_vlan_pop),               \
        FN(skb_get_tunnel_key),         \
        FN(skb_set_tunnel_key),         \
        FN(perf_event_read),            \
        FN(redirect),                   \
        FN(get_route_realm),            \
        FN(perf_event_output),          \
        FN(skb_load_bytes),             \
        FN(get_stackid),                \
        FN(csum_diff),                  \
        FN(skb_get_tunnel_opt),         \
        FN(skb_set_tunnel_opt),         \
        FN(skb_change_proto),           \
        FN(skb_change_type),            \
        FN(skb_under_cgroup),           \
        FN(get_hash_recalc),            \
        FN(get_current_task),           \
        FN(probe_write_user),           \
        FN(current_task_under_cgroup),  \
        FN(skb_change_tail),            \
        FN(skb_pull_data),              \
        FN(csum_update),                \
        FN(set_hash_invalid),           \
        FN(get_numa_node_id),           \
        FN(skb_change_head),            \
        FN(xdp_adjust_head),            \
        FN(probe_read_str),             \
        FN(get_socket_cookie),          \
        FN(get_socket_uid),             \
        FN(set_hash),                   \
        FN(setsockopt),                 \
        FN(skb_adjust_room),            \
        FN(redirect_map),               \
        FN(sk_redirect_map),            \
        FN(sock_map_update),            \
        FN(xdp_adjust_meta),            \
        FN(perf_event_read_value),      \
        FN(perf_prog_read_value),       \
        FN(getsockopt),                 \
        FN(override_return),            \
        FN(sock_ops_cb_flags_set),      \
        FN(msg_redirect_map),           \
        FN(msg_apply_bytes),            \
        FN(msg_cork_bytes),             \
        FN(msg_pull_data),              \
        FN(bind),                       \
        FN(xdp_adjust_tail),            \
        FN(skb_get_xfrm_state),         \
        FN(get_stack),                  \
        FN(skb_load_bytes_relative),    \
        FN(fib_lookup),                 \
        FN(sock_hash_update),           \
        FN(msg_redirect_hash),          \
        FN(sk_redirect_hash),           \
        FN(lwt_push_encap),             \
        FN(lwt_seg6_store_bytes),       \
        FN(lwt_seg6_adjust_srh),        \
        FN(lwt_seg6_action),            \
        FN(rc_repeat),                  \
        FN(rc_keydown),                 \
        FN(skb_cgroup_id),              \
        FN(get_current_cgroup_id),      \
        FN(get_local_storage),          \
        FN(sk_select_reuseport),        \
        FN(skb_ancestor_cgroup_id),     \
        FN(sk_lookup_tcp),              \
        FN(sk_lookup_udp),              \
        FN(sk_release),                 \
        FN(map_push_elem),              \
        FN(map_pop_elem),               \
        FN(map_peek_elem),              \
        FN(msg_push_data),              \
        FN(msg_pop_data),               \
        FN(rc_pointer_rel),             \
        FN(spin_lock),                  \
        FN(spin_unlock),                \
        FN(sk_fullsock),                \
        FN(tcp_sock),                   \
        FN(skb_ecn_set_ce),             \
        FN(get_listener_sock),          \
        FN(skc_lookup_tcp),             \
        FN(tcp_check_syncookie),        \
        FN(sysctl_get_name),            \
        FN(sysctl_get_current_value),   \
        FN(sysctl_get_new_value),       \
        FN(sysctl_set_new_value),       \
        FN(strtol),                     \
        FN(strtoul),                    \
        FN(sk_storage_get),             \
        FN(sk_storage_delete),          \
        FN(send_signal),                \
        FN(tcp_gen_syncookie),          \
        FN(skb_output),                 \
        FN(probe_read_user),            \
        FN(probe_read_kernel),          \
        FN(probe_read_user_str),        \
        FN(probe_read_kernel_str),      \
        FN(tcp_send_ack),               \
        FN(send_signal_thread),         \
        FN(jiffies64),                  \
        FN(read_branch_records),        \
        FN(get_ns_current_pid_tgid),    \
        FN(xdp_output),                 \
        FN(get_netns_cookie),           \
        FN(get_current_ancestor_cgroup_id),     \
        FN(sk_assign),                  \
        FN(ktime_get_boot_ns),          \
        FN(seq_printf),                 \
        FN(seq_write),                  \
        FN(sk_cgroup_id),               \
        FN(sk_ancestor_cgroup_id),      \
        FN(ringbuf_output),             \
        FN(ringbuf_reserve),            \
        FN(ringbuf_submit),             \
        FN(ringbuf_discard),            \
        FN(ringbuf_query),              \
        FN(csum_level),                 \
        FN(skc_to_tcp6_sock),           \
        FN(skc_to_tcp_sock),            \
        FN(skc_to_tcp_timewait_sock),   \
        FN(skc_to_tcp_request_sock),    \
        FN(skc_to_udp6_sock),           \
        FN(get_task_stack),             \
        FN(load_hdr_opt),               \
        FN(store_hdr_opt),              \
        FN(reserve_hdr_opt),            \
        FN(inode_storage_get),          \
        FN(inode_storage_delete),       \
        FN(d_path),                     \
        FN(copy_from_user),             \
        FN(snprintf_btf),               \
        FN(seq_printf_btf),             \
        FN(skb_cgroup_classid),         \
        FN(redirect_neigh),             \
        FN(per_cpu_ptr),                \
        FN(this_cpu_ptr),               \
        FN(redirect_peer),              \
        FN(task_storage_get),           \
        FN(task_storage_delete),        \
        FN(get_current_task_btf),       \
        FN(bprm_opts_set),              \
        FN(ktime_get_coarse_ns),        \
        FN(ima_inode_hash),             \
        FN(sock_from_file),             \
        FN(check_mtu),                  \
        FN(for_each_map_elem),          \
        FN(snprintf),                   \
        FN(sys_bpf),                    \
        FN(btf_find_by_name_kind),      \
        FN(sys_close),                  \
        FN(timer_init),                 \
        FN(timer_set_callback),         \
        FN(timer_start),                \
        FN(timer_cancel),               \
        FN(get_func_ip),                \
        FN(get_attach_cookie),          \
        FN(task_pt_regs),               \
        FN(get_branch_snapshot),        \
        FN(trace_vprintk),              \
        FN(skc_to_unix_sock),           \
        FN(kallsyms_lookup_name),       \
        FN(find_vma),                   \
        FN(loop),                       \
        FN(strncmp),                    \
        FN(get_func_arg),               \
        FN(get_func_ret),               \
        FN(get_func_arg_cnt),           \
        FN(get_retval),                 \
        FN(set_retval),                 \
        FN(xdp_get_buff_len),           \
        FN(xdp_load_bytes),             \
        FN(xdp_store_bytes),            \
        FN(copy_from_user_task),        \
        FN(skb_set_tstamp),             \
        FN(ima_file_hash),              \
        FN(kptr_xchg),                  \
        FN(map_lookup_percpu_elem),     \
        FN(skc_to_mptcp_sock),          \
        FN(dynptr_from_mem),            \
        FN(ringbuf_reserve_dynptr),     \
        FN(ringbuf_submit_dynptr),      \
        FN(ringbuf_discard_dynptr),     \
        FN(dynptr_read),                \
        FN(dynptr_write),               \
        FN(dynptr_data),                \
        FN(tcp_raw_gen_syncookie_ipv4), \
        FN(tcp_raw_gen_syncookie_ipv6), \
        FN(tcp_raw_check_syncookie_ipv4),       \
        FN(tcp_raw_check_syncookie_ipv6),       \
        FN(ktime_get_tai_ns),           \
        FN(user_ringbuf_drain),         \
        /* */

/* integer value in 'imm' field of BPF_CALL instruction selects which helper
 * function eBPF program intends to call
 */
#define __BPF_ENUM_FN(x) BPF_FUNC_ ## x
enum bpf_func_id {
        __BPF_FUNC_MAPPER(__BPF_ENUM_FN)
        __BPF_FUNC_MAX_ID,
};
#undef __BPF_ENUM_FN

/* All flags used by eBPF helper functions, placed here. */

/* BPF_FUNC_skb_store_bytes flags. */
enum {
        BPF_F_RECOMPUTE_CSUM            = (1ULL << 0),
        BPF_F_INVALIDATE_HASH           = (1ULL << 1),
};

/* BPF_FUNC_l3_csum_replace and BPF_FUNC_l4_csum_replace flags.
 * First 4 bits are for passing the header field size.
 */
enum {
        BPF_F_HDR_FIELD_MASK            = 0xfULL,
};

/* BPF_FUNC_l4_csum_replace flags. */
enum {
        BPF_F_PSEUDO_HDR                = (1ULL << 4),
        BPF_F_MARK_MANGLED_0            = (1ULL << 5),
        BPF_F_MARK_ENFORCE              = (1ULL << 6),
};

/* BPF_FUNC_clone_redirect and BPF_FUNC_redirect flags. */
enum {
        BPF_F_INGRESS                   = (1ULL << 0),
};

/* BPF_FUNC_skb_set_tunnel_key and BPF_FUNC_skb_get_tunnel_key flags. */
enum {
        BPF_F_TUNINFO_IPV6              = (1ULL << 0),
};

/* flags for both BPF_FUNC_get_stackid and BPF_FUNC_get_stack. */
enum {
        BPF_F_SKIP_FIELD_MASK           = 0xffULL,
        BPF_F_USER_STACK                = (1ULL << 8),
/* flags used by BPF_FUNC_get_stackid only. */
        BPF_F_FAST_STACK_CMP            = (1ULL << 9),
        BPF_F_REUSE_STACKID             = (1ULL << 10),
/* flags used by BPF_FUNC_get_stack only. */
        BPF_F_USER_BUILD_ID             = (1ULL << 11),
};

/* BPF_FUNC_skb_set_tunnel_key flags. */
enum {
        BPF_F_ZERO_CSUM_TX              = (1ULL << 1),
        BPF_F_DONT_FRAGMENT             = (1ULL << 2),
        BPF_F_SEQ_NUMBER                = (1ULL << 3),
};

/* BPF_FUNC_skb_get_tunnel_key flags. */
enum {
        BPF_F_TUNINFO_FLAGS             = (1ULL << 4),
};

/* BPF_FUNC_perf_event_output, BPF_FUNC_perf_event_read and
 * BPF_FUNC_perf_event_read_value flags.
 */
enum {
        BPF_F_INDEX_MASK                = 0xffffffffULL,
        BPF_F_CURRENT_CPU               = BPF_F_INDEX_MASK,
/* BPF_FUNC_perf_event_output for sk_buff input context. */
        BPF_F_CTXLEN_MASK               = (0xfffffULL << 32),
};

/* Current network namespace */
enum {
        BPF_F_CURRENT_NETNS             = (-1L),
};

/* BPF_FUNC_csum_level level values. */
enum {
        BPF_CSUM_LEVEL_QUERY,
        BPF_CSUM_LEVEL_INC,
        BPF_CSUM_LEVEL_DEC,
        BPF_CSUM_LEVEL_RESET,
};

/* BPF_FUNC_skb_adjust_room flags. */
enum {
        BPF_F_ADJ_ROOM_FIXED_GSO        = (1ULL << 0),
        BPF_F_ADJ_ROOM_ENCAP_L3_IPV4    = (1ULL << 1),
        BPF_F_ADJ_ROOM_ENCAP_L3_IPV6    = (1ULL << 2),
        BPF_F_ADJ_ROOM_ENCAP_L4_GRE     = (1ULL << 3),
        BPF_F_ADJ_ROOM_ENCAP_L4_UDP     = (1ULL << 4),
        BPF_F_ADJ_ROOM_NO_CSUM_RESET    = (1ULL << 5),
        BPF_F_ADJ_ROOM_ENCAP_L2_ETH     = (1ULL << 6),
};

enum {
        BPF_ADJ_ROOM_ENCAP_L2_MASK      = 0xff,
        BPF_ADJ_ROOM_ENCAP_L2_SHIFT     = 56,
};

#define BPF_F_ADJ_ROOM_ENCAP_L2(len)    (((__u64)len & \
                                          BPF_ADJ_ROOM_ENCAP_L2_MASK) \
                                         << BPF_ADJ_ROOM_ENCAP_L2_SHIFT)

/* BPF_FUNC_sysctl_get_name flags. */
enum {
        BPF_F_SYSCTL_BASE_NAME          = (1ULL << 0),
};

/* BPF_FUNC_<kernel_obj>_storage_get flags */
enum {
        BPF_LOCAL_STORAGE_GET_F_CREATE  = (1ULL << 0),
        /* BPF_SK_STORAGE_GET_F_CREATE is only kept for backward compatibility
         * and BPF_LOCAL_STORAGE_GET_F_CREATE must be used instead.
         */
        BPF_SK_STORAGE_GET_F_CREATE  = BPF_LOCAL_STORAGE_GET_F_CREATE,
};

/* BPF_FUNC_read_branch_records flags. */
enum {
        BPF_F_GET_BRANCH_RECORDS_SIZE   = (1ULL << 0),
};

/* BPF_FUNC_bpf_ringbuf_commit, BPF_FUNC_bpf_ringbuf_discard, and
 * BPF_FUNC_bpf_ringbuf_output flags.
 */
enum {
        BPF_RB_NO_WAKEUP                = (1ULL << 0),
        BPF_RB_FORCE_WAKEUP             = (1ULL << 1),
};

/* BPF_FUNC_bpf_ringbuf_query flags */
enum {
        BPF_RB_AVAIL_DATA = 0,
        BPF_RB_RING_SIZE = 1,
        BPF_RB_CONS_POS = 2,
        BPF_RB_PROD_POS = 3,
};

/* BPF ring buffer constants */
enum {
        BPF_RINGBUF_BUSY_BIT            = (1U << 31),
        BPF_RINGBUF_DISCARD_BIT         = (1U << 30),
        BPF_RINGBUF_HDR_SZ              = 8,
};

/* BPF_FUNC_sk_assign flags in bpf_sk_lookup context. */
enum {
        BPF_SK_LOOKUP_F_REPLACE         = (1ULL << 0),
        BPF_SK_LOOKUP_F_NO_REUSEPORT    = (1ULL << 1),
};

/* Mode for BPF_FUNC_skb_adjust_room helper. */
enum bpf_adj_room_mode {
        BPF_ADJ_ROOM_NET,
        BPF_ADJ_ROOM_MAC,
};

/* Mode for BPF_FUNC_skb_load_bytes_relative helper. */
enum bpf_hdr_start_off {
        BPF_HDR_START_MAC,
        BPF_HDR_START_NET,
};

/* Encapsulation type for BPF_FUNC_lwt_push_encap helper. */
enum bpf_lwt_encap_mode {
        BPF_LWT_ENCAP_SEG6,
        BPF_LWT_ENCAP_SEG6_INLINE,
        BPF_LWT_ENCAP_IP,
};

/* Flags for bpf_bprm_opts_set helper */
enum {
        BPF_F_BPRM_SECUREEXEC   = (1ULL << 0),
};

/* Flags for bpf_redirect_map helper */
enum {
        BPF_F_BROADCAST         = (1ULL << 3),
        BPF_F_EXCLUDE_INGRESS   = (1ULL << 4),
};

#define __bpf_md_ptr(type, name)        \
union {                                 \
        type name;                      \
        __u64 :64;                      \
} __attribute__((aligned(8)))

enum {
        BPF_SKB_TSTAMP_UNSPEC,
        BPF_SKB_TSTAMP_DELIVERY_MONO,   /* tstamp has mono delivery time */
        /* For any BPF_SKB_TSTAMP_* that the bpf prog cannot handle,
         * the bpf prog should handle it like BPF_SKB_TSTAMP_UNSPEC
         * and try to deduce it by ingress, egress or skb->sk->sk_clockid.
         */
};

/* user accessible mirror of in-kernel sk_buff.
 * new fields can only be added to the end of this structure
 */
struct __sk_buff {
        __u32 len;
        __u32 pkt_type;
        __u32 mark;
        __u32 queue_mapping;
        __u32 protocol;
        __u32 vlan_present;
        __u32 vlan_tci;
        __u32 vlan_proto;
        __u32 priority;
        __u32 ingress_ifindex;
        __u32 ifindex;
        __u32 tc_index;
        __u32 cb[5];
        __u32 hash;
        __u32 tc_classid;
        __u32 data;
        __u32 data_end;
        __u32 napi_id;

        /* Accessed by BPF_PROG_TYPE_sk_skb types from here to ... */
        __u32 family;
        __u32 remote_ip4;       /* Stored in network byte order */
        __u32 local_ip4;        /* Stored in network byte order */
        __u32 remote_ip6[4];    /* Stored in network byte order */
        __u32 local_ip6[4];     /* Stored in network byte order */
        __u32 remote_port;      /* Stored in network byte order */
        __u32 local_port;       /* stored in host byte order */
        /* ... here. */

        __u32 data_meta;
        __bpf_md_ptr(struct bpf_flow_keys *, flow_keys);
        __u64 tstamp;
        __u32 wire_len;
        __u32 gso_segs;
        __bpf_md_ptr(struct bpf_sock *, sk);
        __u32 gso_size;
        __u8  tstamp_type;
        __u32 :24;              /* Padding, future use. */
        __u64 hwtstamp;
};

struct bpf_tunnel_key {
        __u32 tunnel_id;
        union {
                __u32 remote_ipv4;
                __u32 remote_ipv6[4];
        };
        __u8 tunnel_tos;
        __u8 tunnel_ttl;
        union {
                __u16 tunnel_ext;       /* compat */
                __be16 tunnel_flags;
        };
        __u32 tunnel_label;
        union {
                __u32 local_ipv4;
                __u32 local_ipv6[4];
        };
};

/* user accessible mirror of in-kernel xfrm_state.
 * new fields can only be added to the end of this structure
 */
struct bpf_xfrm_state {
        __u32 reqid;
        __u32 spi;      /* Stored in network byte order */
        __u16 family;
        __u16 ext;      /* Padding, future use. */
        union {
                __u32 remote_ipv4;      /* Stored in network byte order */
                __u32 remote_ipv6[4];   /* Stored in network byte order */
        };
};

/* Generic BPF return codes which all BPF program types may support.
 * The values are binary compatible with their TC_ACT_* counter-part to
 * provide backwards compatibility with existing SCHED_CLS and SCHED_ACT
 * programs.
 *
 * XDP is handled seprately, see XDP_*.
 */
enum bpf_ret_code {
        BPF_OK = 0,
        /* 1 reserved */
        BPF_DROP = 2,
        /* 3-6 reserved */
        BPF_REDIRECT = 7,
        /* >127 are reserved for prog type specific return codes.
         *
         * BPF_LWT_REROUTE: used by BPF_PROG_TYPE_LWT_IN and
         *    BPF_PROG_TYPE_LWT_XMIT to indicate that skb had been
         *    changed and should be routed based on its new L3 header.
         *    (This is an L3 redirect, as opposed to L2 redirect
         *    represented by BPF_REDIRECT above).
         */
        BPF_LWT_REROUTE = 128,
        /* BPF_FLOW_DISSECTOR_CONTINUE: used by BPF_PROG_TYPE_FLOW_DISSECTOR
         *   to indicate that no custom dissection was performed, and
         *   fallback to standard dissector is requested.
         */
        BPF_FLOW_DISSECTOR_CONTINUE = 129,
};

struct bpf_sock {
        __u32 bound_dev_if;
        __u32 family;
        __u32 type;
        __u32 protocol;
        __u32 mark;
        __u32 priority;
        /* IP address also allows 1 and 2 bytes access */
        __u32 src_ip4;
        __u32 src_ip6[4];
        __u32 src_port;         /* host byte order */
        __be16 dst_port;        /* network byte order */
        __u16 :16;              /* zero padding */
        __u32 dst_ip4;
        __u32 dst_ip6[4];
        __u32 state;
        __s32 rx_queue_mapping;
};

struct bpf_tcp_sock {
        __u32 snd_cwnd;         /* Sending congestion window            */
        __u32 srtt_us;          /* smoothed round trip time << 3 in usecs */
        __u32 rtt_min;
        __u32 snd_ssthresh;     /* Slow start size threshold            */
        __u32 rcv_nxt;          /* What we want to receive next         */
        __u32 snd_nxt;          /* Next sequence we send                */
        __u32 snd_una;          /* First byte we want an ack for        */
        __u32 mss_cache;        /* Cached effective mss, not including SACKS */
        __u32 ecn_flags;        /* ECN status bits.                     */
        __u32 rate_delivered;   /* saved rate sample: packets delivered */
        __u32 rate_interval_us; /* saved rate sample: time elapsed */
        __u32 packets_out;      /* Packets which are "in flight"        */
        __u32 retrans_out;      /* Retransmitted packets out            */
        __u32 total_retrans;    /* Total retransmits for entire connection */
        __u32 segs_in;          /* RFC4898 tcpEStatsPerfSegsIn
                                 * total number of segments in.
                                 */
        __u32 data_segs_in;     /* RFC4898 tcpEStatsPerfDataSegsIn
                                 * total number of data segments in.
                                 */
        __u32 segs_out;         /* RFC4898 tcpEStatsPerfSegsOut
                                 * The total number of segments sent.
                                 */
        __u32 data_segs_out;    /* RFC4898 tcpEStatsPerfDataSegsOut
                                 * total number of data segments sent.
                                 */
        __u32 lost_out;         /* Lost packets                 */
        __u32 sacked_out;       /* SACK'd packets                       */
        __u64 bytes_received;   /* RFC4898 tcpEStatsAppHCThruOctetsReceived
                                 * sum(delta(rcv_nxt)), or how many bytes
                                 * were acked.
                                 */
        __u64 bytes_acked;      /* RFC4898 tcpEStatsAppHCThruOctetsAcked
                                 * sum(delta(snd_una)), or how many bytes
                                 * were acked.
                                 */
        __u32 dsack_dups;       /* RFC4898 tcpEStatsStackDSACKDups
                                 * total number of DSACK blocks received
                                 */
        __u32 delivered;        /* Total data packets delivered incl. rexmits */
        __u32 delivered_ce;     /* Like the above but only ECE marked packets */
        __u32 icsk_retransmits; /* Number of unrecovered [RTO] timeouts */
};

struct bpf_sock_tuple {
        union {
                struct {
                        __be32 saddr;
                        __be32 daddr;
                        __be16 sport;
                        __be16 dport;
                } ipv4;
                struct {
                        __be32 saddr[4];
                        __be32 daddr[4];
                        __be16 sport;
                        __be16 dport;
                } ipv6;
        };
};

struct bpf_xdp_sock {
        __u32 queue_id;
};

#define XDP_PACKET_HEADROOM 256

/* User return codes for XDP prog type.
 * A valid XDP program must return one of these defined values. All other
 * return codes are reserved for future use. Unknown return codes will
 * result in packet drops and a warning via bpf_warn_invalid_xdp_action().
 */
enum xdp_action {
        XDP_ABORTED = 0,
        XDP_DROP,
        XDP_PASS,
        XDP_TX,
        XDP_REDIRECT,
};

/* user accessible metadata for XDP packet hook
 * new fields must be added to the end of this structure
 */
struct xdp_md {
        __u32 data;
        __u32 data_end;
        __u32 data_meta;
        /* Below access go through struct xdp_rxq_info */
        __u32 ingress_ifindex; /* rxq->dev->ifindex */
        __u32 rx_queue_index;  /* rxq->queue_index  */

        __u32 egress_ifindex;  /* txq->dev->ifindex */
};

/* DEVMAP map-value layout
 *
 * The struct data-layout of map-value is a configuration interface.
 * New members can only be added to the end of this structure.
 */
struct bpf_devmap_val {
        __u32 ifindex;   /* device index */
        union {
                int   fd;  /* prog fd on map write */
                __u32 id;  /* prog id on map read */
        } bpf_prog;
};

/* CPUMAP map-value layout
 *
 * The struct data-layout of map-value is a configuration interface.
 * New members can only be added to the end of this structure.
 */
struct bpf_cpumap_val {
        __u32 qsize;    /* queue size to remote target CPU */
        union {
                int   fd;       /* prog fd on map write */
                __u32 id;       /* prog id on map read */
        } bpf_prog;
};

enum sk_action {
        SK_DROP = 0,
        SK_PASS,
};

/* user accessible metadata for SK_MSG packet hook, new fields must
 * be added to the end of this structure
 */
struct sk_msg_md {
        __bpf_md_ptr(void *, data);
        __bpf_md_ptr(void *, data_end);

        __u32 family;
        __u32 remote_ip4;       /* Stored in network byte order */
        __u32 local_ip4;        /* Stored in network byte order */
        __u32 remote_ip6[4];    /* Stored in network byte order */
        __u32 local_ip6[4];     /* Stored in network byte order */
        __u32 remote_port;      /* Stored in network byte order */
        __u32 local_port;       /* stored in host byte order */
        __u32 size;             /* Total size of sk_msg */

        __bpf_md_ptr(struct bpf_sock *, sk); /* current socket */
};

struct sk_reuseport_md {
        /*
         * Start of directly accessible data. It begins from
         * the tcp/udp header.
         */
        __bpf_md_ptr(void *, data);
        /* End of directly accessible data */
        __bpf_md_ptr(void *, data_end);
        /*
         * Total length of packet (starting from the tcp/udp header).
         * Note that the directly accessible bytes (data_end - data)
         * could be less than this "len".  Those bytes could be
         * indirectly read by a helper "bpf_skb_load_bytes()".
         */
        __u32 len;
        /*
         * Eth protocol in the mac header (network byte order). e.g.
         * ETH_P_IP(0x0800) and ETH_P_IPV6(0x86DD)
         */
        __u32 eth_protocol;
        __u32 ip_protocol;      /* IP protocol. e.g. IPPROTO_TCP, IPPROTO_UDP */
        __u32 bind_inany;       /* Is sock bound to an INANY address? */
        __u32 hash;             /* A hash of the packet 4 tuples */
        /* When reuse->migrating_sk is NULL, it is selecting a sk for the
         * new incoming connection request (e.g. selecting a listen sk for
         * the received SYN in the TCP case).  reuse->sk is one of the sk
         * in the reuseport group. The bpf prog can use reuse->sk to learn
         * the local listening ip/port without looking into the skb.
         *
         * When reuse->migrating_sk is not NULL, reuse->sk is closed and
         * reuse->migrating_sk is the socket that needs to be migrated
         * to another listening socket.  migrating_sk could be a fullsock
         * sk that is fully established or a reqsk that is in-the-middle
         * of 3-way handshake.
         */
        __bpf_md_ptr(struct bpf_sock *, sk);
        __bpf_md_ptr(struct bpf_sock *, migrating_sk);
};

#define BPF_TAG_SIZE    8

struct bpf_prog_info {
        __u32 type;
        __u32 id;
        __u8  tag[BPF_TAG_SIZE];
        __u32 jited_prog_len;
        __u32 xlated_prog_len;
        __aligned_u64 jited_prog_insns;
        __aligned_u64 xlated_prog_insns;
        __u64 load_time;        /* ns since boottime */
        __u32 created_by_uid;
        __u32 nr_map_ids;
        __aligned_u64 map_ids;
        char name[BPF_OBJ_NAME_LEN];
        __u32 ifindex;
        __u32 gpl_compatible:1;
        __u32 :31; /* alignment pad */
        __u64 netns_dev;
        __u64 netns_ino;
        __u32 nr_jited_ksyms;
        __u32 nr_jited_func_lens;
        __aligned_u64 jited_ksyms;
        __aligned_u64 jited_func_lens;
        __u32 btf_id;
        __u32 func_info_rec_size;
        __aligned_u64 func_info;
        __u32 nr_func_info;
        __u32 nr_line_info;
        __aligned_u64 line_info;
        __aligned_u64 jited_line_info;
        __u32 nr_jited_line_info;
        __u32 line_info_rec_size;
        __u32 jited_line_info_rec_size;
        __u32 nr_prog_tags;
        __aligned_u64 prog_tags;
        __u64 run_time_ns;
        __u64 run_cnt;
        __u64 recursion_misses;
        __u32 verified_insns;
        __u32 attach_btf_obj_id;
        __u32 attach_btf_id;
} __attribute__((aligned(8)));

struct bpf_map_info {
        __u32 type;
        __u32 id;
        __u32 key_size;
        __u32 value_size;
        __u32 max_entries;
        __u32 map_flags;
        char  name[BPF_OBJ_NAME_LEN];
        __u32 ifindex;
        __u32 btf_vmlinux_value_type_id;
        __u64 netns_dev;
        __u64 netns_ino;
        __u32 btf_id;
        __u32 btf_key_type_id;
        __u32 btf_value_type_id;
        __u32 :32;      /* alignment pad */
        __u64 map_extra;
} __attribute__((aligned(8)));

struct bpf_btf_info {
        __aligned_u64 btf;
        __u32 btf_size;
        __u32 id;
        __aligned_u64 name;
        __u32 name_len;
        __u32 kernel_btf;
} __attribute__((aligned(8)));

struct bpf_link_info {
        __u32 type;
        __u32 id;
        __u32 prog_id;
        union {
                struct {
                        __aligned_u64 tp_name; /* in/out: tp_name buffer ptr */
                        __u32 tp_name_len;     /* in/out: tp_name buffer len */
                } raw_tracepoint;
                struct {
                        __u32 attach_type;
                        __u32 target_obj_id; /* prog_id for PROG_EXT, otherwise btf object id */
                        __u32 target_btf_id; /* BTF type id inside the object */
                } tracing;
                struct {
                        __u64 cgroup_id;
                        __u32 attach_type;
                } cgroup;
                struct {
                        __aligned_u64 target_name; /* in/out: target_name buffer ptr */
                        __u32 target_name_len;     /* in/out: target_name buffer len */

                        /* If the iter specific field is 32 bits, it can be put
                         * in the first or second union. Otherwise it should be
                         * put in the second union.
                         */
                        union {
                                struct {
                                        __u32 map_id;
                                } map;
                        };
                        union {
                                struct {
                                        __u64 cgroup_id;
                                        __u32 order;
                                } cgroup;
                                struct {
                                        __u32 tid;
                                        __u32 pid;
                                } task;
                        };
                } iter;
                struct  {
                        __u32 netns_ino;
                        __u32 attach_type;
                } netns;
                struct {
                        __u32 ifindex;
                } xdp;
        };
} __attribute__((aligned(8)));

/* User bpf_sock_addr struct to access socket fields and sockaddr struct passed
 * by user and intended to be used by socket (e.g. to bind to, depends on
 * attach type).
 */
struct bpf_sock_addr {
        __u32 user_family;      /* Allows 4-byte read, but no write. */
        __u32 user_ip4;         /* Allows 1,2,4-byte read and 4-byte write.
                                 * Stored in network byte order.
                                 */
        __u32 user_ip6[4];      /* Allows 1,2,4,8-byte read and 4,8-byte write.
                                 * Stored in network byte order.
                                 */
        __u32 user_port;        /* Allows 1,2,4-byte read and 4-byte write.
                                 * Stored in network byte order
                                 */
        __u32 family;           /* Allows 4-byte read, but no write */
        __u32 type;             /* Allows 4-byte read, but no write */
        __u32 protocol;         /* Allows 4-byte read, but no write */
        __u32 msg_src_ip4;      /* Allows 1,2,4-byte read and 4-byte write.
                                 * Stored in network byte order.
                                 */
        __u32 msg_src_ip6[4];   /* Allows 1,2,4,8-byte read and 4,8-byte write.
                                 * Stored in network byte order.
                                 */
        __bpf_md_ptr(struct bpf_sock *, sk);
};

/* User bpf_sock_ops struct to access socket values and specify request ops
 * and their replies.
 * Some of this fields are in network (bigendian) byte order and may need
 * to be converted before use (bpf_ntohl() defined in samples/bpf/bpf_endian.h).
 * New fields can only be added at the end of this structure
 */
struct bpf_sock_ops {
        __u32 op;
        union {
                __u32 args[4];          /* Optionally passed to bpf program */
                __u32 reply;            /* Returned by bpf program          */
                __u32 replylong[4];     /* Optionally returned by bpf prog  */
        };
        __u32 family;
        __u32 remote_ip4;       /* Stored in network byte order */
        __u32 local_ip4;        /* Stored in network byte order */
        __u32 remote_ip6[4];    /* Stored in network byte order */
        __u32 local_ip6[4];     /* Stored in network byte order */
        __u32 remote_port;      /* Stored in network byte order */
        __u32 local_port;       /* stored in host byte order */
        __u32 is_fullsock;      /* Some TCP fields are only valid if
                                 * there is a full socket. If not, the
                                 * fields read as zero.
                                 */
        __u32 snd_cwnd;
        __u32 srtt_us;          /* Averaged RTT << 3 in usecs */
        __u32 bpf_sock_ops_cb_flags; /* flags defined in uapi/linux/tcp.h */
        __u32 state;
        __u32 rtt_min;
        __u32 snd_ssthresh;
        __u32 rcv_nxt;
        __u32 snd_nxt;
        __u32 snd_una;
        __u32 mss_cache;
        __u32 ecn_flags;
        __u32 rate_delivered;
        __u32 rate_interval_us;
        __u32 packets_out;
        __u32 retrans_out;
        __u32 total_retrans;
        __u32 segs_in;
        __u32 data_segs_in;
        __u32 segs_out;
        __u32 data_segs_out;
        __u32 lost_out;
        __u32 sacked_out;
        __u32 sk_txhash;
        __u64 bytes_received;
        __u64 bytes_acked;
        __bpf_md_ptr(struct bpf_sock *, sk);
        /* [skb_data, skb_data_end) covers the whole TCP header.
         *
         * BPF_SOCK_OPS_PARSE_HDR_OPT_CB: The packet received
         * BPF_SOCK_OPS_HDR_OPT_LEN_CB:   Not useful because the
         *                                header has not been written.
         * BPF_SOCK_OPS_WRITE_HDR_OPT_CB: The header and options have
         *                                been written so far.
         * BPF_SOCK_OPS_ACTIVE_ESTABLISHED_CB:  The SYNACK that concludes
         *                                      the 3WHS.
         * BPF_SOCK_OPS_PASSIVE_ESTABLISHED_CB: The ACK that concludes
         *                                      the 3WHS.
         *
         * bpf_load_hdr_opt() can also be used to read a particular option.
         */
        __bpf_md_ptr(void *, skb_data);
        __bpf_md_ptr(void *, skb_data_end);
        __u32 skb_len;          /* The total length of a packet.
                                 * It includes the header, options,
                                 * and payload.
                                 */
        __u32 skb_tcp_flags;    /* tcp_flags of the header.  It provides
                                 * an easy way to check for tcp_flags
                                 * without parsing skb_data.
                                 *
                                 * In particular, the skb_tcp_flags
                                 * will still be available in
                                 * BPF_SOCK_OPS_HDR_OPT_LEN even though
                                 * the outgoing header has not
                                 * been written yet.
                                 */
};

/* Definitions for bpf_sock_ops_cb_flags */
enum {
        BPF_SOCK_OPS_RTO_CB_FLAG        = (1<<0),
        BPF_SOCK_OPS_RETRANS_CB_FLAG    = (1<<1),
        BPF_SOCK_OPS_STATE_CB_FLAG      = (1<<2),
        BPF_SOCK_OPS_RTT_CB_FLAG        = (1<<3),
        /* Call bpf for all received TCP headers.  The bpf prog will be
         * called under sock_ops->op == BPF_SOCK_OPS_PARSE_HDR_OPT_CB
         *
         * Please refer to the comment in BPF_SOCK_OPS_PARSE_HDR_OPT_CB
         * for the header option related helpers that will be useful
         * to the bpf programs.
         *
         * It could be used at the client/active side (i.e. connect() side)
         * when the server told it that the server was in syncookie
         * mode and required the active side to resend the bpf-written
         * options.  The active side can keep writing the bpf-options until
         * it received a valid packet from the server side to confirm
         * the earlier packet (and options) has been received.  The later
         * example patch is using it like this at the active side when the
         * server is in syncookie mode.
         *
         * The bpf prog will usually turn this off in the common cases.
         */
        BPF_SOCK_OPS_PARSE_ALL_HDR_OPT_CB_FLAG  = (1<<4),
        /* Call bpf when kernel has received a header option that
         * the kernel cannot handle.  The bpf prog will be called under
         * sock_ops->op == BPF_SOCK_OPS_PARSE_HDR_OPT_CB.
         *
         * Please refer to the comment in BPF_SOCK_OPS_PARSE_HDR_OPT_CB
         * for the header option related helpers that will be useful
         * to the bpf programs.
         */
        BPF_SOCK_OPS_PARSE_UNKNOWN_HDR_OPT_CB_FLAG = (1<<5),
        /* Call bpf when the kernel is writing header options for the
         * outgoing packet.  The bpf prog will first be called
         * to reserve space in a skb under
         * sock_ops->op == BPF_SOCK_OPS_HDR_OPT_LEN_CB.  Then
         * the bpf prog will be called to write the header option(s)
         * under sock_ops->op == BPF_SOCK_OPS_WRITE_HDR_OPT_CB.
         *
         * Please refer to the comment in BPF_SOCK_OPS_HDR_OPT_LEN_CB
         * and BPF_SOCK_OPS_WRITE_HDR_OPT_CB for the header option
         * related helpers that will be useful to the bpf programs.
         *
         * The kernel gets its chance to reserve space and write
         * options first before the BPF program does.
         */
        BPF_SOCK_OPS_WRITE_HDR_OPT_CB_FLAG = (1<<6),
/* Mask of all currently supported cb flags */
        BPF_SOCK_OPS_ALL_CB_FLAGS       = 0x7F,
};

/* List of known BPF sock_ops operators.
 * New entries can only be added at the end
 */
enum {
        BPF_SOCK_OPS_VOID,
        BPF_SOCK_OPS_TIMEOUT_INIT,      /* Should return SYN-RTO value to use or
                                         * -1 if default value should be used
                                         */
        BPF_SOCK_OPS_RWND_INIT,         /* Should return initial advertized
                                         * window (in packets) or -1 if default
                                         * value should be used
                                         */
        BPF_SOCK_OPS_TCP_CONNECT_CB,    /* Calls BPF program right before an
                                         * active connection is initialized
                                         */
        BPF_SOCK_OPS_ACTIVE_ESTABLISHED_CB,     /* Calls BPF program when an
                                                 * active connection is
                                                 * established
                                                 */
        BPF_SOCK_OPS_PASSIVE_ESTABLISHED_CB,    /* Calls BPF program when a
                                                 * passive connection is
                                                 * established
                                                 */
        BPF_SOCK_OPS_NEEDS_ECN,         /* If connection's congestion control
                                         * needs ECN
                                         */
        BPF_SOCK_OPS_BASE_RTT,          /* Get base RTT. The correct value is
                                         * based on the path and may be
                                         * dependent on the congestion control
                                         * algorithm. In general it indicates
                                         * a congestion threshold. RTTs above
                                         * this indicate congestion
                                         */
        BPF_SOCK_OPS_RTO_CB,            /* Called when an RTO has triggered.
                                         * Arg1: value of icsk_retransmits
                                         * Arg2: value of icsk_rto
                                         * Arg3: whether RTO has expired
                                         */
        BPF_SOCK_OPS_RETRANS_CB,        /* Called when skb is retransmitted.
                                         * Arg1: sequence number of 1st byte
                                         * Arg2: # segments
                                         * Arg3: return value of
                                         *       tcp_transmit_skb (0 => success)
                                         */
        BPF_SOCK_OPS_STATE_CB,          /* Called when TCP changes state.
                                         * Arg1: old_state
                                         * Arg2: new_state
                                         */
        BPF_SOCK_OPS_TCP_LISTEN_CB,     /* Called on listen(2), right after
                                         * socket transition to LISTEN state.
                                         */
        BPF_SOCK_OPS_RTT_CB,            /* Called on every RTT.
                                         */
        BPF_SOCK_OPS_PARSE_HDR_OPT_CB,  /* Parse the header option.
                                         * It will be called to handle
                                         * the packets received at
                                         * an already established
                                         * connection.
                                         *
                                         * sock_ops->skb_data:
                                         * Referring to the received skb.
                                         * It covers the TCP header only.
                                         *
                                         * bpf_load_hdr_opt() can also
                                         * be used to search for a
                                         * particular option.
                                         */
        BPF_SOCK_OPS_HDR_OPT_LEN_CB,    /* Reserve space for writing the
                                         * header option later in
                                         * BPF_SOCK_OPS_WRITE_HDR_OPT_CB.
                                         * Arg1: bool want_cookie. (in
                                         *       writing SYNACK only)
                                         *
                                         * sock_ops->skb_data:
                                         * Not available because no header has
                                         * been written yet.
                                         *
                                         * sock_ops->skb_tcp_flags:
                                         * The tcp_flags of the
                                         * outgoing skb. (e.g. SYN, ACK, FIN).
                                         *
                                         * bpf_reserve_hdr_opt() should
                                         * be used to reserve space.
                                         */
        BPF_SOCK_OPS_WRITE_HDR_OPT_CB,  /* Write the header options
                                         * Arg1: bool want_cookie. (in
                                         *       writing SYNACK only)
                                         *
                                         * sock_ops->skb_data:
                                         * Referring to the outgoing skb.
                                         * It covers the TCP header
                                         * that has already been written
                                         * by the kernel and the
                                         * earlier bpf-progs.
                                         *
                                         * sock_ops->skb_tcp_flags:
                                         * The tcp_flags of the outgoing
                                         * skb. (e.g. SYN, ACK, FIN).
                                         *
                                         * bpf_store_hdr_opt() should
                                         * be used to write the
                                         * option.
                                         *
                                         * bpf_load_hdr_opt() can also
                                         * be used to search for a
                                         * particular option that
                                         * has already been written
                                         * by the kernel or the
                                         * earlier bpf-progs.
                                         */
};

/* List of TCP states. There is a build check in net/ipv4/tcp.c to detect
 * changes between the TCP and BPF versions. Ideally this should never happen.
 * If it does, we need to add code to convert them before calling
 * the BPF sock_ops function.
 */
enum {
        BPF_TCP_ESTABLISHED = 1,
        BPF_TCP_SYN_SENT,
        BPF_TCP_SYN_RECV,
        BPF_TCP_FIN_WAIT1,
        BPF_TCP_FIN_WAIT2,
        BPF_TCP_TIME_WAIT,
        BPF_TCP_CLOSE,
        BPF_TCP_CLOSE_WAIT,
        BPF_TCP_LAST_ACK,
        BPF_TCP_LISTEN,
        BPF_TCP_CLOSING,        /* Now a valid state */
        BPF_TCP_NEW_SYN_RECV,

        BPF_TCP_MAX_STATES      /* Leave at the end! */
};

enum {
        TCP_BPF_IW              = 1001, /* Set TCP initial congestion window */
        TCP_BPF_SNDCWND_CLAMP   = 1002, /* Set sndcwnd_clamp */
        TCP_BPF_DELACK_MAX      = 1003, /* Max delay ack in usecs */
        TCP_BPF_RTO_MIN         = 1004, /* Min delay ack in usecs */
        /* Copy the SYN pkt to optval
         *
         * BPF_PROG_TYPE_SOCK_OPS only.  It is similar to the
         * bpf_getsockopt(TCP_SAVED_SYN) but it does not limit
         * to only getting from the saved_syn.  It can either get the
         * syn packet from:
         *
         * 1. the just-received SYN packet (only available when writing the
         *    SYNACK).  It will be useful when it is not necessary to
         *    save the SYN packet for latter use.  It is also the only way
         *    to get the SYN during syncookie mode because the syn
         *    packet cannot be saved during syncookie.
         *
         * OR
         *
         * 2. the earlier saved syn which was done by
         *    bpf_setsockopt(TCP_SAVE_SYN).
         *
         * The bpf_getsockopt(TCP_BPF_SYN*) option will hide where the
         * SYN packet is obtained.
         *
         * If the bpf-prog does not need the IP[46] header,  the
         * bpf-prog can avoid parsing the IP header by using
         * TCP_BPF_SYN.  Otherwise, the bpf-prog can get both
         * IP[46] and TCP header by using TCP_BPF_SYN_IP.
         *
         *      >0: Total number of bytes copied
         * -ENOSPC: Not enough space in optval. Only optlen number of
         *          bytes is copied.
         * -ENOENT: The SYN skb is not available now and the earlier SYN pkt
         *          is not saved by setsockopt(TCP_SAVE_SYN).
         */
        TCP_BPF_SYN             = 1005, /* Copy the TCP header */
        TCP_BPF_SYN_IP          = 1006, /* Copy the IP[46] and TCP header */
        TCP_BPF_SYN_MAC         = 1007, /* Copy the MAC, IP[46], and TCP header */
};

enum {
        BPF_LOAD_HDR_OPT_TCP_SYN = (1ULL << 0),
};

/* args[0] value during BPF_SOCK_OPS_HDR_OPT_LEN_CB and
 * BPF_SOCK_OPS_WRITE_HDR_OPT_CB.
 */
enum {
        BPF_WRITE_HDR_TCP_CURRENT_MSS = 1,      /* Kernel is finding the
                                                 * total option spaces
                                                 * required for an established
                                                 * sk in order to calculate the
                                                 * MSS.  No skb is actually
                                                 * sent.
                                                 */
        BPF_WRITE_HDR_TCP_SYNACK_COOKIE = 2,    /* Kernel is in syncookie mode
                                                 * when sending a SYN.
                                                 */
};

struct bpf_perf_event_value {
        __u64 counter;
        __u64 enabled;
        __u64 running;
};

enum {
        BPF_DEVCG_ACC_MKNOD     = (1ULL << 0),
        BPF_DEVCG_ACC_READ      = (1ULL << 1),
        BPF_DEVCG_ACC_WRITE     = (1ULL << 2),
};

enum {
        BPF_DEVCG_DEV_BLOCK     = (1ULL << 0),
        BPF_DEVCG_DEV_CHAR      = (1ULL << 1),
};

struct bpf_cgroup_dev_ctx {
        /* access_type encoded as (BPF_DEVCG_ACC_* << 16) | BPF_DEVCG_DEV_* */
        __u32 access_type;
        __u32 major;
        __u32 minor;
};

struct bpf_raw_tracepoint_args {
        __u64 args[0];
};

/* DIRECT:  Skip the FIB rules and go to FIB table associated with device
 * OUTPUT:  Do lookup from egress perspective; default is ingress
 */
enum {
        BPF_FIB_LOOKUP_DIRECT  = (1U << 0),
        BPF_FIB_LOOKUP_OUTPUT  = (1U << 1),
        BPF_FIB_LOOKUP_SKIP_NEIGH = (1U << 2),
        BPF_FIB_LOOKUP_TBID    = (1U << 3),
        BPF_FIB_LOOKUP_SRC     = (1U << 4),
};

enum {
        BPF_FIB_LKUP_RET_SUCCESS,      /* lookup successful */
        BPF_FIB_LKUP_RET_BLACKHOLE,    /* dest is blackholed; can be dropped */
        BPF_FIB_LKUP_RET_UNREACHABLE,  /* dest is unreachable; can be dropped */
        BPF_FIB_LKUP_RET_PROHIBIT,     /* dest not allowed; can be dropped */
        BPF_FIB_LKUP_RET_NOT_FWDED,    /* packet is not forwarded */
        BPF_FIB_LKUP_RET_FWD_DISABLED, /* fwding is not enabled on ingress */
        BPF_FIB_LKUP_RET_UNSUPP_LWT,   /* fwd requires encapsulation */
        BPF_FIB_LKUP_RET_NO_NEIGH,     /* no neighbor entry for nh */
        BPF_FIB_LKUP_RET_FRAG_NEEDED,  /* fragmentation required to fwd */
        BPF_FIB_LKUP_RET_NO_SRC_ADDR,  /* failed to derive IP src addr */
};

struct bpf_fib_lookup {
        /* input:  network family for lookup (AF_INET, AF_INET6)
         * output: network family of egress nexthop
         */
        __u8    family;

        /* set if lookup is to consider L4 data - e.g., FIB rules */
        __u8    l4_protocol;
        __be16  sport;
        __be16  dport;

        union { /* used for MTU check */
                /* input to lookup */
                __u16   tot_len; /* L3 length from network hdr (iph->tot_len) */

                /* output: MTU value */
                __u16   mtu_result;
        };
        /* input: L3 device index for lookup
         * output: device index from FIB lookup
         */
        __u32   ifindex;

        union {
                /* inputs to lookup */
                __u8    tos;            /* AF_INET  */
                __be32  flowinfo;       /* AF_INET6, flow_label + priority */

                /* output: metric of fib result (IPv4/IPv6 only) */
                __u32   rt_metric;
        };

        /* input: source address to consider for lookup
         * output: source address result from lookup
         */
        union {
                __be32          ipv4_src;
                __u32           ipv6_src[4];  /* in6_addr; network order */
        };

        /* input to bpf_fib_lookup, ipv{4,6}_dst is destination address in
         * network header. output: bpf_fib_lookup sets to gateway address
         * if FIB lookup returns gateway route
         */
        union {
                __be32          ipv4_dst;
                __u32           ipv6_dst[4];  /* in6_addr; network order */
        };

        union {
                struct {
                        /* output */
                        __be16  h_vlan_proto;
                        __be16  h_vlan_TCI;
                };
                /* input: when accompanied with the
                 * 'BPF_FIB_LOOKUP_DIRECT | BPF_FIB_LOOKUP_TBID` flags, a
                 * specific routing table to use for the fib lookup.
                 */
                __u32   tbid;
        };

        __u8    smac[6];     /* ETH_ALEN */
        __u8    dmac[6];     /* ETH_ALEN */
};

struct bpf_redir_neigh {
        /* network family for lookup (AF_INET, AF_INET6) */
        __u32 nh_family;
        /* network address of nexthop; skips fib lookup to find gateway */
        union {
                __be32          ipv4_nh;
                __u32           ipv6_nh[4];  /* in6_addr; network order */
        };
};

/* bpf_check_mtu flags*/
enum  bpf_check_mtu_flags {
        BPF_MTU_CHK_SEGS  = (1U << 0),
};

enum bpf_check_mtu_ret {
        BPF_MTU_CHK_RET_SUCCESS,      /* check and lookup successful */
        BPF_MTU_CHK_RET_FRAG_NEEDED,  /* fragmentation required to fwd */
        BPF_MTU_CHK_RET_SEGS_TOOBIG,  /* GSO re-segmentation needed to fwd */
};

enum bpf_task_fd_type {
        BPF_FD_TYPE_RAW_TRACEPOINT,     /* tp name */
        BPF_FD_TYPE_TRACEPOINT,         /* tp name */
        BPF_FD_TYPE_KPROBE,             /* (symbol + offset) or addr */
        BPF_FD_TYPE_KRETPROBE,          /* (symbol + offset) or addr */
        BPF_FD_TYPE_UPROBE,             /* filename + offset */
        BPF_FD_TYPE_URETPROBE,          /* filename + offset */
};

enum {
        BPF_FLOW_DISSECTOR_F_PARSE_1ST_FRAG             = (1U << 0),
        BPF_FLOW_DISSECTOR_F_STOP_AT_FLOW_LABEL         = (1U << 1),
        BPF_FLOW_DISSECTOR_F_STOP_AT_ENCAP              = (1U << 2),
};

struct bpf_flow_keys {
        __u16   nhoff;
        __u16   thoff;
        __u16   addr_proto;                     /* ETH_P_* of valid addrs */
        __u8    is_frag;
        __u8    is_first_frag;
        __u8    is_encap;
        __u8    ip_proto;
        __be16  n_proto;
        __be16  sport;
        __be16  dport;
        union {
                struct {
                        __be32  ipv4_src;
                        __be32  ipv4_dst;
                };
                struct {
                        __u32   ipv6_src[4];    /* in6_addr; network order */
                        __u32   ipv6_dst[4];    /* in6_addr; network order */
                };
        };
        __u32   flags;
        __be32  flow_label;
};

struct bpf_func_info {
        __u32   insn_off;
        __u32   type_id;
};

#define BPF_LINE_INFO_LINE_NUM(line_col)        ((line_col) >> 10)
#define BPF_LINE_INFO_LINE_COL(line_col)        ((line_col) & 0x3ff)

struct bpf_line_info {
        __u32   insn_off;
        __u32   file_name_off;
        __u32   line_off;
        __u32   line_col;
};

struct bpf_spin_lock {
        __u32   val;
};

struct bpf_timer {
        __u64 :64;
        __u64 :64;
} __attribute__((aligned(8)));

struct bpf_dynptr {
        __u64 :64;
        __u64 :64;
} __attribute__((aligned(8)));

struct bpf_sysctl {
        __u32   write;          /* Sysctl is being read (= 0) or written (= 1).
                                 * Allows 1,2,4-byte read, but no write.
                                 */
        __u32   file_pos;       /* Sysctl file position to read from, write to.
                                 * Allows 1,2,4-byte read an 4-byte write.
                                 */
};

struct bpf_sockopt {
        __bpf_md_ptr(struct bpf_sock *, sk);
        __bpf_md_ptr(void *, optval);
        __bpf_md_ptr(void *, optval_end);

        __s32   level;
        __s32   optname;
        __s32   optlen;
        __s32   retval;
};

struct bpf_pidns_info {
        __u32 pid;
        __u32 tgid;
};

/* User accessible data for SK_LOOKUP programs. Add new fields at the end. */
struct bpf_sk_lookup {
        union {
                __bpf_md_ptr(struct bpf_sock *, sk); /* Selected socket */
                __u64 cookie; /* Non-zero if socket was selected in PROG_TEST_RUN */
        };

        __u32 family;           /* Protocol family (AF_INET, AF_INET6) */
        __u32 protocol;         /* IP protocol (IPPROTO_TCP, IPPROTO_UDP) */
        __u32 remote_ip4;       /* Network byte order */
        __u32 remote_ip6[4];    /* Network byte order */
        __be16 remote_port;     /* Network byte order */
        __u16 :16;              /* Zero padding */
        __u32 local_ip4;        /* Network byte order */
        __u32 local_ip6[4];     /* Network byte order */
        __u32 local_port;       /* Host byte order */
        __u32 ingress_ifindex;          /* The arriving interface. Determined by inet_iif. */
};

/*
 * struct btf_ptr is used for typed pointer representation; the
 * type id is used to render the pointer data as the appropriate type
 * via the bpf_snprintf_btf() helper described above.  A flags field -
 * potentially to specify additional details about the BTF pointer
 * (rather than its mode of display) - is included for future use.
 * Display flags - BTF_F_* - are passed to bpf_snprintf_btf separately.
 */
struct btf_ptr {
        void *ptr;
        __u32 type_id;
        __u32 flags;            /* BTF ptr flags; unused at present. */
};

/*
 * Flags to control bpf_snprintf_btf() behaviour.
 *     - BTF_F_COMPACT: no formatting around type information
 *     - BTF_F_NONAME: no struct/union member names/types
 *     - BTF_F_PTR_RAW: show raw (unobfuscated) pointer values;
 *       equivalent to %px.
 *     - BTF_F_ZERO: show zero-valued struct/union members; they
 *       are not displayed by default
 */
enum {
        BTF_F_COMPACT   =       (1ULL << 0),
        BTF_F_NONAME    =       (1ULL << 1),
        BTF_F_PTR_RAW   =       (1ULL << 2),
        BTF_F_ZERO      =       (1ULL << 3),
};

/* bpf_core_relo_kind encodes which aspect of captured field/type/enum value
 * has to be adjusted by relocations. It is emitted by llvm and passed to
 * libbpf and later to the kernel.
 */
enum bpf_core_relo_kind {
        BPF_CORE_FIELD_BYTE_OFFSET = 0,      /* field byte offset */
        BPF_CORE_FIELD_BYTE_SIZE = 1,        /* field size in bytes */
        BPF_CORE_FIELD_EXISTS = 2,           /* field existence in target kernel */
        BPF_CORE_FIELD_SIGNED = 3,           /* field signedness (0 - unsigned, 1 - signed) */
        BPF_CORE_FIELD_LSHIFT_U64 = 4,       /* bitfield-specific left bitshift */
        BPF_CORE_FIELD_RSHIFT_U64 = 5,       /* bitfield-specific right bitshift */
        BPF_CORE_TYPE_ID_LOCAL = 6,          /* type ID in local BPF object */
        BPF_CORE_TYPE_ID_TARGET = 7,         /* type ID in target kernel */
        BPF_CORE_TYPE_EXISTS = 8,            /* type existence in target kernel */
        BPF_CORE_TYPE_SIZE = 9,              /* type size in bytes */
        BPF_CORE_ENUMVAL_EXISTS = 10,        /* enum value existence in target kernel */
        BPF_CORE_ENUMVAL_VALUE = 11,         /* enum value integer value */
        BPF_CORE_TYPE_MATCHES = 12,          /* type match in target kernel */
};

/*
 * "struct bpf_core_relo" is used to pass relocation data form LLVM to libbpf
 * and from libbpf to the kernel.
 *
 * CO-RE relocation captures the following data:
 * - insn_off - instruction offset (in bytes) within a BPF program that needs
 *   its insn->imm field to be relocated with actual field info;
 * - type_id - BTF type ID of the "root" (containing) entity of a relocatable
 *   type or field;
 * - access_str_off - offset into corresponding .BTF string section. String
 *   interpretation depends on specific relocation kind:
 *     - for field-based relocations, string encodes an accessed field using
 *       a sequence of field and array indices, separated by colon (:). It's
 *       conceptually very close to LLVM's getelementptr ([0]) instruction's
 *       arguments for identifying offset to a field.
 *     - for type-based relocations, strings is expected to be just "0";
 *     - for enum value-based relocations, string contains an index of enum
 *       value within its enum type;
 * - kind - one of enum bpf_core_relo_kind;
 *
 * Example:
 *   struct sample {
 *       int a;
 *       struct {
 *           int b[10];
 *       };
 *   };
 *
 *   struct sample *s = ...;
 *   int *x = &s->a;     // encoded as "0:0" (a is field #0)
 *   int *y = &s->b[5];  // encoded as "0:1:0:5" (anon struct is field #1,
 *                       // b is field #0 inside anon struct, accessing elem #5)
 *   int *z = &s[10]->b; // encoded as "10:1" (ptr is used as an array)
 *
 * type_id for all relocs in this example will capture BTF type id of
 * `struct sample`.
 *
 * Such relocation is emitted when using __builtin_preserve_access_index()
 * Clang built-in, passing expression that captures field address, e.g.:
 *
 * bpf_probe_read(&dst, sizeof(dst),
 *                __builtin_preserve_access_index(&src->a.b.c));
 *
 * In this case Clang will emit field relocation recording necessary data to
 * be able to find offset of embedded `a.b.c` field within `src` struct.
 *
 * [0] https://llvm.org/docs/LangRef.html#getelementptr-instruction
 */
struct bpf_core_relo {
        __u32 insn_off;
        __u32 type_id;
        __u32 access_str_off;
        enum bpf_core_relo_kind kind;
};

#endif /* _UAPI__LINUX_BPF_H__ */