1 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: (GPL-2.0-only OR BSD-2-Clause)
6 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
7 tool for inspection and simple manipulation of eBPF progs
8 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
12 .. include:: substitutions.rst
17 **bpftool** [*OPTIONS*] **prog** *COMMAND*
19 *OPTIONS* := { |COMMON_OPTIONS| |
20 { **-f** | **--bpffs** } | { **-m** | **--mapcompat** } | { **-n** | **--nomount** } |
21 { **-L** | **--use-loader** } }
24 { **show** | **list** | **dump xlated** | **dump jited** | **pin** | **load** |
25 **loadall** | **help** }
30 | **bpftool** **prog** { **show** | **list** } [*PROG*]
31 | **bpftool** **prog dump xlated** *PROG* [{ **file** *FILE* | [**opcodes**] [**linum**] [**visual**] }]
32 | **bpftool** **prog dump jited** *PROG* [{ **file** *FILE* | [**opcodes**] [**linum**] }]
33 | **bpftool** **prog pin** *PROG* *FILE*
34 | **bpftool** **prog** { **load** | **loadall** } *OBJ* *PATH* [**type** *TYPE*] [**map** { **idx** *IDX* | **name** *NAME* } *MAP*] [{ **offload_dev** | **xdpmeta_dev** } *NAME*] [**pinmaps** *MAP_DIR*] [**autoattach**]
35 | **bpftool** **prog attach** *PROG* *ATTACH_TYPE* [*MAP*]
36 | **bpftool** **prog detach** *PROG* *ATTACH_TYPE* [*MAP*]
37 | **bpftool** **prog tracelog**
38 | **bpftool** **prog run** *PROG* **data_in** *FILE* [**data_out** *FILE* [**data_size_out** *L*]] [**ctx_in** *FILE* [**ctx_out** *FILE* [**ctx_size_out** *M*]]] [**repeat** *N*]
39 | **bpftool** **prog profile** *PROG* [**duration** *DURATION*] *METRICs*
40 | **bpftool** **prog help**
42 | *MAP* := { **id** *MAP_ID* | **pinned** *FILE* }
43 | *PROG* := { **id** *PROG_ID* | **pinned** *FILE* | **tag** *PROG_TAG* | **name** *PROG_NAME* }
45 | **socket** | **kprobe** | **kretprobe** | **classifier** | **action** |
46 | **tracepoint** | **raw_tracepoint** | **xdp** | **perf_event** | **cgroup/skb** |
47 | **cgroup/sock** | **cgroup/dev** | **lwt_in** | **lwt_out** | **lwt_xmit** |
48 | **lwt_seg6local** | **sockops** | **sk_skb** | **sk_msg** | **lirc_mode2** |
49 | **cgroup/bind4** | **cgroup/bind6** | **cgroup/post_bind4** | **cgroup/post_bind6** |
50 | **cgroup/connect4** | **cgroup/connect6** | **cgroup/connect_unix** |
51 | **cgroup/getpeername4** | **cgroup/getpeername6** | **cgroup/getpeername_unix** |
52 | **cgroup/getsockname4** | **cgroup/getsockname6** | **cgroup/getsockname_unix** |
53 | **cgroup/sendmsg4** | **cgroup/sendmsg6** | **cgroup/sendmsg_unix** |
54 | **cgroup/recvmsg4** | **cgroup/recvmsg6** | **cgroup/recvmsg_unix** | **cgroup/sysctl** |
55 | **cgroup/getsockopt** | **cgroup/setsockopt** | **cgroup/sock_release** |
56 | **struct_ops** | **fentry** | **fexit** | **freplace** | **sk_lookup**
59 | **sk_msg_verdict** | **sk_skb_verdict** | **sk_skb_stream_verdict** |
60 | **sk_skb_stream_parser** | **flow_dissector**
63 | **cycles** | **instructions** | **l1d_loads** | **llc_misses** |
64 | **itlb_misses** | **dtlb_misses**
70 **bpftool prog { show | list }** [*PROG*]
71 Show information about loaded programs. If *PROG* is
72 specified show information only about given programs,
73 otherwise list all programs currently loaded on the system.
74 In case of **tag** or **name**, *PROG* may match several
75 programs which will all be shown.
77 Output will start with program ID followed by program type and
78 zero or more named attributes (depending on kernel version).
80 Since Linux 5.1 the kernel can collect statistics on BPF
81 programs (such as the total time spent running the program,
82 and the number of times it was run). If available, bpftool
83 shows such statistics. However, the kernel does not collect
84 them by defaults, as it slightly impacts performance on each
85 program run. Activation or deactivation of the feature is
86 performed via the **kernel.bpf_stats_enabled** sysctl knob.
88 Since Linux 5.8 bpftool is able to discover information about
89 processes that hold open file descriptors (FDs) against BPF
90 programs. On such kernels bpftool will automatically emit this
93 **bpftool prog dump xlated** *PROG* [{ **file** *FILE* | [**opcodes**] [**linum**] [**visual**] }]
94 Dump eBPF instructions of the programs from the kernel. By
95 default, eBPF will be disassembled and printed to standard
96 output in human-readable format. In this case, **opcodes**
97 controls if raw opcodes should be printed as well.
99 In case of **tag** or **name**, *PROG* may match several
100 programs which will all be dumped. However, if **file** or
101 **visual** is specified, *PROG* must match a single program.
103 If **file** is specified, the binary image will instead be
106 If **visual** is specified, control flow graph (CFG) will be
107 built instead, and eBPF instructions will be presented with
108 CFG in DOT format, on standard output.
110 If the programs have line_info available, the source line will
111 be displayed. If **linum** is specified, the filename, line
112 number and line column will also be displayed.
114 **bpftool prog dump jited** *PROG* [{ **file** *FILE* | [**opcodes**] [**linum**] }]
115 Dump jited image (host machine code) of the program.
117 If *FILE* is specified image will be written to a file,
118 otherwise it will be disassembled and printed to stdout.
119 *PROG* must match a single program when **file** is specified.
121 **opcodes** controls if raw opcodes will be printed.
123 If the prog has line_info available, the source line will
124 be displayed. If **linum** is specified, the filename, line
125 number and line column will also be displayed.
127 **bpftool prog pin** *PROG* *FILE*
128 Pin program *PROG* as *FILE*.
130 Note: *FILE* must be located in *bpffs* mount. It must not
131 contain a dot character ('.'), which is reserved for future
132 extensions of *bpffs*.
134 **bpftool prog { load | loadall }** *OBJ* *PATH* [**type** *TYPE*] [**map** { **idx** *IDX* | **name** *NAME* } *MAP*] [{ **offload_dev** | **xdpmeta_dev** } *NAME*] [**pinmaps** *MAP_DIR*] [**autoattach**]
135 Load bpf program(s) from binary *OBJ* and pin as *PATH*.
136 **bpftool prog load** pins only the first program from the
137 *OBJ* as *PATH*. **bpftool prog loadall** pins all programs
138 from the *OBJ* under *PATH* directory.
139 **type** is optional, if not specified program type will be
140 inferred from section names.
141 By default bpftool will create new maps as declared in the ELF
142 object being loaded. **map** parameter allows for the reuse
143 of existing maps. It can be specified multiple times, each
144 time for a different map. *IDX* refers to index of the map
145 to be replaced in the ELF file counting from 0, while *NAME*
146 allows to replace a map by name. *MAP* specifies the map to
147 use, referring to it by **id** or through a **pinned** file.
148 If **offload_dev** *NAME* is specified program will be loaded
149 onto given networking device (offload).
150 If **xdpmeta_dev** *NAME* is specified program will become
151 device-bound without offloading, this facilitates access
153 Optional **pinmaps** argument can be provided to pin all
154 maps under *MAP_DIR* directory.
156 If **autoattach** is specified program will be attached
157 before pin. In that case, only the link (representing the
158 program attached to its hook) is pinned, not the program as
159 such, so the path won't show in **bpftool prog show -f**,
160 only show in **bpftool link show -f**. Also, this only works
161 when bpftool (libbpf) is able to infer all necessary
162 information from the object file, in particular, it's not
163 supported for all program types. If a program does not
164 support autoattach, bpftool falls back to regular pinning
165 for that program instead.
167 Note: *PATH* must be located in *bpffs* mount. It must not
168 contain a dot character ('.'), which is reserved for future
169 extensions of *bpffs*.
171 **bpftool prog attach** *PROG* *ATTACH_TYPE* [*MAP*]
172 Attach bpf program *PROG* (with type specified by
173 *ATTACH_TYPE*). Most *ATTACH_TYPEs* require a *MAP*
174 parameter, with the exception of *flow_dissector* which is
175 attached to current networking name space.
177 **bpftool prog detach** *PROG* *ATTACH_TYPE* [*MAP*]
178 Detach bpf program *PROG* (with type specified by
179 *ATTACH_TYPE*). Most *ATTACH_TYPEs* require a *MAP*
180 parameter, with the exception of *flow_dissector* which is
181 detached from the current networking name space.
183 **bpftool prog tracelog**
184 Dump the trace pipe of the system to the console (stdout).
185 Hit <Ctrl+C> to stop printing. BPF programs can write to this
186 trace pipe at runtime with the **bpf_trace_printk**\ () helper.
187 This should be used only for debugging purposes. For
188 streaming data from BPF programs to user space, one can use
189 perf events (see also **bpftool-map**\ (8)).
191 **bpftool prog run** *PROG* **data_in** *FILE* [**data_out** *FILE* [**data_size_out** *L*]] [**ctx_in** *FILE* [**ctx_out** *FILE* [**ctx_size_out** *M*]]] [**repeat** *N*]
192 Run BPF program *PROG* in the kernel testing infrastructure
193 for BPF, meaning that the program works on the data and
194 context provided by the user, and not on actual packets or
195 monitored functions etc. Return value and duration for the
196 test run are printed out to the console.
198 Input data is read from the *FILE* passed with **data_in**.
199 If this *FILE* is "**-**", input data is read from standard
200 input. Input context, if any, is read from *FILE* passed with
201 **ctx_in**. Again, "**-**" can be used to read from standard
202 input, but only if standard input is not already in use for
203 input data. If a *FILE* is passed with **data_out**, output
204 data is written to that file. Similarly, output context is
205 written to the *FILE* passed with **ctx_out**. For both
206 output flows, "**-**" can be used to print to the standard
207 output (as plain text, or JSON if relevant option was
208 passed). If output keywords are omitted, output data and
209 context are discarded. Keywords **data_size_out** and
210 **ctx_size_out** are used to pass the size (in bytes) for the
211 output buffers to the kernel, although the default of 32 kB
212 should be more than enough for most cases.
214 Keyword **repeat** is used to indicate the number of
215 consecutive runs to perform. Note that output data and
216 context printed to files correspond to the last of those
217 runs. The duration printed out at the end of the runs is an
218 average over all runs performed by the command.
220 Not all program types support test run. Among those which do,
221 not all of them can take the **ctx_in**/**ctx_out**
222 arguments. bpftool does not perform checks on program types.
224 **bpftool prog profile** *PROG* [**duration** *DURATION*] *METRICs*
225 Profile *METRICs* for bpf program *PROG* for *DURATION*
226 seconds or until user hits <Ctrl+C>. *DURATION* is optional.
227 If *DURATION* is not specified, the profiling will run up to
228 **UINT_MAX** seconds.
230 **bpftool prog help**
231 Print short help message.
235 .. include:: common_options.rst
238 When showing BPF programs, show file names of pinned
242 Allow loading maps with unknown map definitions.
245 Do not automatically attempt to mount any virtual file system
246 (such as tracefs or BPF virtual file system) when necessary.
249 Load program as a "loader" program. This is useful to debug
250 the generation of such programs. When this option is in
251 use, bpftool attempts to load the programs from the object
252 file into the kernel, but does not pin them (therefore, the
253 *PATH* must not be provided).
255 When combined with the **-d**\ \|\ **--debug** option,
256 additional debug messages are generated, and the execution
257 of the loader program will use the **bpf_trace_printk**\ ()
258 helper to log each step of loading BTF, creating the maps,
259 and loading the programs (see **bpftool prog tracelog** as
260 a way to dump those messages).
264 **# bpftool prog show**
268 10: xdp name some_prog tag 005a3d2123620c8b gpl run_time_ns 81632 run_cnt 10
269 loaded_at 2017-09-29T20:11:00+0000 uid 0
270 xlated 528B jited 370B memlock 4096B map_ids 10
273 **# bpftool --json --pretty prog show**
280 "tag": "005a3d2123620c8b",
281 "gpl_compatible": true,
282 "run_time_ns": 81632,
284 "loaded_at": 1506715860,
289 "bytes_memlock": 4096,
301 | **# bpftool prog dump xlated id 10 file /tmp/t**
306 -rw------- 1 root root 560 Jul 22 01:42 /tmp/t
308 **# bpftool prog dump jited tag 005a3d2123620c8b**
316 4: mov %rbx,0x0(%rbp)
319 | **# mount -t bpf none /sys/fs/bpf/**
320 | **# bpftool prog pin id 10 /sys/fs/bpf/prog**
321 | **# bpftool prog load ./my_prog.o /sys/fs/bpf/prog2**
322 | **# ls -l /sys/fs/bpf/**
326 -rw------- 1 root root 0 Jul 22 01:43 prog
327 -rw------- 1 root root 0 Jul 22 01:44 prog2
329 **# bpftool prog dump jited pinned /sys/fs/bpf/prog opcodes**
341 f: mov %rbx,0x0(%rbp)
345 | **# bpftool prog load xdp1_kern.o /sys/fs/bpf/xdp1 type xdp map name rxcnt id 7**
346 | **# bpftool prog show pinned /sys/fs/bpf/xdp1**
350 9: xdp name xdp_prog1 tag 539ec6ce11b52f98 gpl
351 loaded_at 2018-06-25T16:17:31-0700 uid 0
352 xlated 488B jited 336B memlock 4096B map_ids 7
354 **# rm /sys/fs/bpf/xdp1**
357 | **# bpftool prog profile id 337 duration 10 cycles instructions llc_misses**
362 40176203 cycles (83.05%)
363 42518139 instructions # 1.06 insns per cycle (83.39%)
364 123 llc_misses # 2.89 LLC misses per million insns (83.15%)
367 | Output below is for the trace logs.
368 | Run in separate terminals:
369 | **# bpftool prog tracelog**
370 | **# bpftool prog load -L -d file.o**
374 bpftool-620059 [004] d... 2634685.517903: bpf_trace_printk: btf_load size 665 r=5
375 bpftool-620059 [004] d... 2634685.517912: bpf_trace_printk: map_create sample_map idx 0 type 2 value_size 4 value_btf_id 0 r=6
376 bpftool-620059 [004] d... 2634685.517997: bpf_trace_printk: prog_load sample insn_cnt 13 r=7
377 bpftool-620059 [004] d... 2634685.517999: bpf_trace_printk: close(5) = 0