1 /* ******************************************************************
4 * Copyright (c) Yann Collet, Facebook, Inc.
6 * You can contact the author at :
7 * - Source repository : https://github.com/Cyan4973/FiniteStateEntropy
9 * This source code is licensed under both the BSD-style license (found in the
10 * LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree) and the GPLv2 (found
11 * in the COPYING file in the root directory of this source tree).
12 * You may select, at your option, one of the above-listed licenses.
13 ****************************************************************** */
14 #ifndef BITSTREAM_H_MODULE
15 #define BITSTREAM_H_MODULE
18 * This API consists of small unitary functions, which must be inlined for best performance.
19 * Since link-time-optimization is not available for all compilers,
20 * these functions are defined into a .h to be included.
23 /*-****************************************
25 ******************************************/
26 #include "mem.h" /* unaligned access routines */
27 #include "compiler.h" /* UNLIKELY() */
28 #include "debug.h" /* assert(), DEBUGLOG(), RAWLOG() */
29 #include "error_private.h" /* error codes and messages */
32 /*=========================================
34 =========================================*/
36 #define STREAM_ACCUMULATOR_MIN_32 25
37 #define STREAM_ACCUMULATOR_MIN_64 57
38 #define STREAM_ACCUMULATOR_MIN ((U32)(MEM_32bits() ? STREAM_ACCUMULATOR_MIN_32 : STREAM_ACCUMULATOR_MIN_64))
41 /*-******************************************
42 * bitStream encoding API (write forward)
43 ********************************************/
44 /* bitStream can mix input from multiple sources.
45 * A critical property of these streams is that they encode and decode in **reverse** direction.
46 * So the first bit sequence you add will be the last to be read, like a LIFO stack.
56 MEM_STATIC size_t BIT_initCStream(BIT_CStream_t* bitC, void* dstBuffer, size_t dstCapacity);
57 MEM_STATIC void BIT_addBits(BIT_CStream_t* bitC, size_t value, unsigned nbBits);
58 MEM_STATIC void BIT_flushBits(BIT_CStream_t* bitC);
59 MEM_STATIC size_t BIT_closeCStream(BIT_CStream_t* bitC);
61 /* Start with initCStream, providing the size of buffer to write into.
62 * bitStream will never write outside of this buffer.
63 * `dstCapacity` must be >= sizeof(bitD->bitContainer), otherwise @return will be an error code.
65 * bits are first added to a local register.
66 * Local register is size_t, hence 64-bits on 64-bits systems, or 32-bits on 32-bits systems.
67 * Writing data into memory is an explicit operation, performed by the flushBits function.
68 * Hence keep track how many bits are potentially stored into local register to avoid register overflow.
69 * After a flushBits, a maximum of 7 bits might still be stored into local register.
71 * Avoid storing elements of more than 24 bits if you want compatibility with 32-bits bitstream readers.
73 * Last operation is to close the bitStream.
74 * The function returns the final size of CStream in bytes.
75 * If data couldn't fit into `dstBuffer`, it will return a 0 ( == not storable)
79 /*-********************************************
80 * bitStream decoding API (read backward)
81 **********************************************/
84 unsigned bitsConsumed;
90 typedef enum { BIT_DStream_unfinished = 0,
91 BIT_DStream_endOfBuffer = 1,
92 BIT_DStream_completed = 2,
93 BIT_DStream_overflow = 3 } BIT_DStream_status; /* result of BIT_reloadDStream() */
94 /* 1,2,4,8 would be better for bitmap combinations, but slows down performance a bit ... :( */
96 MEM_STATIC size_t BIT_initDStream(BIT_DStream_t* bitD, const void* srcBuffer, size_t srcSize);
97 MEM_STATIC size_t BIT_readBits(BIT_DStream_t* bitD, unsigned nbBits);
98 MEM_STATIC BIT_DStream_status BIT_reloadDStream(BIT_DStream_t* bitD);
99 MEM_STATIC unsigned BIT_endOfDStream(const BIT_DStream_t* bitD);
102 /* Start by invoking BIT_initDStream().
103 * A chunk of the bitStream is then stored into a local register.
104 * Local register size is 64-bits on 64-bits systems, 32-bits on 32-bits systems (size_t).
105 * You can then retrieve bitFields stored into the local register, **in reverse order**.
106 * Local register is explicitly reloaded from memory by the BIT_reloadDStream() method.
107 * A reload guarantee a minimum of ((8*sizeof(bitD->bitContainer))-7) bits when its result is BIT_DStream_unfinished.
108 * Otherwise, it can be less than that, so proceed accordingly.
109 * Checking if DStream has reached its end can be performed with BIT_endOfDStream().
113 /*-****************************************
115 ******************************************/
116 MEM_STATIC void BIT_addBitsFast(BIT_CStream_t* bitC, size_t value, unsigned nbBits);
117 /* faster, but works only if value is "clean", meaning all high bits above nbBits are 0 */
119 MEM_STATIC void BIT_flushBitsFast(BIT_CStream_t* bitC);
120 /* unsafe version; does not check buffer overflow */
122 MEM_STATIC size_t BIT_readBitsFast(BIT_DStream_t* bitD, unsigned nbBits);
123 /* faster, but works only if nbBits >= 1 */
127 /*-**************************************************************
129 ****************************************************************/
130 MEM_STATIC unsigned BIT_highbit32 (U32 val)
134 # if (__GNUC__ >= 3) /* Use GCC Intrinsic */
135 return __builtin_clz (val) ^ 31;
136 # else /* Software version */
137 static const unsigned DeBruijnClz[32] = { 0, 9, 1, 10, 13, 21, 2, 29,
138 11, 14, 16, 18, 22, 25, 3, 30,
139 8, 12, 20, 28, 15, 17, 24, 7,
140 19, 27, 23, 6, 26, 5, 4, 31 };
147 return DeBruijnClz[ (U32) (v * 0x07C4ACDDU) >> 27];
152 /*===== Local Constants =====*/
153 static const unsigned BIT_mask[] = {
154 0, 1, 3, 7, 0xF, 0x1F,
155 0x3F, 0x7F, 0xFF, 0x1FF, 0x3FF, 0x7FF,
156 0xFFF, 0x1FFF, 0x3FFF, 0x7FFF, 0xFFFF, 0x1FFFF,
157 0x3FFFF, 0x7FFFF, 0xFFFFF, 0x1FFFFF, 0x3FFFFF, 0x7FFFFF,
158 0xFFFFFF, 0x1FFFFFF, 0x3FFFFFF, 0x7FFFFFF, 0xFFFFFFF, 0x1FFFFFFF,
159 0x3FFFFFFF, 0x7FFFFFFF}; /* up to 31 bits */
160 #define BIT_MASK_SIZE (sizeof(BIT_mask) / sizeof(BIT_mask[0]))
162 /*-**************************************************************
164 ****************************************************************/
165 /*! BIT_initCStream() :
166 * `dstCapacity` must be > sizeof(size_t)
167 * @return : 0 if success,
168 * otherwise an error code (can be tested using ERR_isError()) */
169 MEM_STATIC size_t BIT_initCStream(BIT_CStream_t* bitC,
170 void* startPtr, size_t dstCapacity)
172 bitC->bitContainer = 0;
174 bitC->startPtr = (char*)startPtr;
175 bitC->ptr = bitC->startPtr;
176 bitC->endPtr = bitC->startPtr + dstCapacity - sizeof(bitC->bitContainer);
177 if (dstCapacity <= sizeof(bitC->bitContainer)) return ERROR(dstSize_tooSmall);
182 * can add up to 31 bits into `bitC`.
183 * Note : does not check for register overflow ! */
184 MEM_STATIC void BIT_addBits(BIT_CStream_t* bitC,
185 size_t value, unsigned nbBits)
187 DEBUG_STATIC_ASSERT(BIT_MASK_SIZE == 32);
188 assert(nbBits < BIT_MASK_SIZE);
189 assert(nbBits + bitC->bitPos < sizeof(bitC->bitContainer) * 8);
190 bitC->bitContainer |= (value & BIT_mask[nbBits]) << bitC->bitPos;
191 bitC->bitPos += nbBits;
194 /*! BIT_addBitsFast() :
195 * works only if `value` is _clean_,
196 * meaning all high bits above nbBits are 0 */
197 MEM_STATIC void BIT_addBitsFast(BIT_CStream_t* bitC,
198 size_t value, unsigned nbBits)
200 assert((value>>nbBits) == 0);
201 assert(nbBits + bitC->bitPos < sizeof(bitC->bitContainer) * 8);
202 bitC->bitContainer |= value << bitC->bitPos;
203 bitC->bitPos += nbBits;
206 /*! BIT_flushBitsFast() :
207 * assumption : bitContainer has not overflowed
208 * unsafe version; does not check buffer overflow */
209 MEM_STATIC void BIT_flushBitsFast(BIT_CStream_t* bitC)
211 size_t const nbBytes = bitC->bitPos >> 3;
212 assert(bitC->bitPos < sizeof(bitC->bitContainer) * 8);
213 assert(bitC->ptr <= bitC->endPtr);
214 MEM_writeLEST(bitC->ptr, bitC->bitContainer);
215 bitC->ptr += nbBytes;
217 bitC->bitContainer >>= nbBytes*8;
220 /*! BIT_flushBits() :
221 * assumption : bitContainer has not overflowed
222 * safe version; check for buffer overflow, and prevents it.
223 * note : does not signal buffer overflow.
224 * overflow will be revealed later on using BIT_closeCStream() */
225 MEM_STATIC void BIT_flushBits(BIT_CStream_t* bitC)
227 size_t const nbBytes = bitC->bitPos >> 3;
228 assert(bitC->bitPos < sizeof(bitC->bitContainer) * 8);
229 assert(bitC->ptr <= bitC->endPtr);
230 MEM_writeLEST(bitC->ptr, bitC->bitContainer);
231 bitC->ptr += nbBytes;
232 if (bitC->ptr > bitC->endPtr) bitC->ptr = bitC->endPtr;
234 bitC->bitContainer >>= nbBytes*8;
237 /*! BIT_closeCStream() :
238 * @return : size of CStream, in bytes,
239 * or 0 if it could not fit into dstBuffer */
240 MEM_STATIC size_t BIT_closeCStream(BIT_CStream_t* bitC)
242 BIT_addBitsFast(bitC, 1, 1); /* endMark */
244 if (bitC->ptr >= bitC->endPtr) return 0; /* overflow detected */
245 return (bitC->ptr - bitC->startPtr) + (bitC->bitPos > 0);
249 /*-********************************************************
251 **********************************************************/
252 /*! BIT_initDStream() :
253 * Initialize a BIT_DStream_t.
254 * `bitD` : a pointer to an already allocated BIT_DStream_t structure.
255 * `srcSize` must be the *exact* size of the bitStream, in bytes.
256 * @return : size of stream (== srcSize), or an errorCode if a problem is detected
258 MEM_STATIC size_t BIT_initDStream(BIT_DStream_t* bitD, const void* srcBuffer, size_t srcSize)
260 if (srcSize < 1) { ZSTD_memset(bitD, 0, sizeof(*bitD)); return ERROR(srcSize_wrong); }
262 bitD->start = (const char*)srcBuffer;
263 bitD->limitPtr = bitD->start + sizeof(bitD->bitContainer);
265 if (srcSize >= sizeof(bitD->bitContainer)) { /* normal case */
266 bitD->ptr = (const char*)srcBuffer + srcSize - sizeof(bitD->bitContainer);
267 bitD->bitContainer = MEM_readLEST(bitD->ptr);
268 { BYTE const lastByte = ((const BYTE*)srcBuffer)[srcSize-1];
269 bitD->bitsConsumed = lastByte ? 8 - BIT_highbit32(lastByte) : 0; /* ensures bitsConsumed is always set */
270 if (lastByte == 0) return ERROR(GENERIC); /* endMark not present */ }
272 bitD->ptr = bitD->start;
273 bitD->bitContainer = *(const BYTE*)(bitD->start);
276 case 7: bitD->bitContainer += (size_t)(((const BYTE*)(srcBuffer))[6]) << (sizeof(bitD->bitContainer)*8 - 16);
279 case 6: bitD->bitContainer += (size_t)(((const BYTE*)(srcBuffer))[5]) << (sizeof(bitD->bitContainer)*8 - 24);
282 case 5: bitD->bitContainer += (size_t)(((const BYTE*)(srcBuffer))[4]) << (sizeof(bitD->bitContainer)*8 - 32);
285 case 4: bitD->bitContainer += (size_t)(((const BYTE*)(srcBuffer))[3]) << 24;
288 case 3: bitD->bitContainer += (size_t)(((const BYTE*)(srcBuffer))[2]) << 16;
291 case 2: bitD->bitContainer += (size_t)(((const BYTE*)(srcBuffer))[1]) << 8;
296 { BYTE const lastByte = ((const BYTE*)srcBuffer)[srcSize-1];
297 bitD->bitsConsumed = lastByte ? 8 - BIT_highbit32(lastByte) : 0;
298 if (lastByte == 0) return ERROR(corruption_detected); /* endMark not present */
300 bitD->bitsConsumed += (U32)(sizeof(bitD->bitContainer) - srcSize)*8;
306 MEM_STATIC FORCE_INLINE_ATTR size_t BIT_getUpperBits(size_t bitContainer, U32 const start)
308 return bitContainer >> start;
311 MEM_STATIC FORCE_INLINE_ATTR size_t BIT_getMiddleBits(size_t bitContainer, U32 const start, U32 const nbBits)
313 U32 const regMask = sizeof(bitContainer)*8 - 1;
314 /* if start > regMask, bitstream is corrupted, and result is undefined */
315 assert(nbBits < BIT_MASK_SIZE);
316 /* x86 transform & ((1 << nbBits) - 1) to bzhi instruction, it is better
317 * than accessing memory. When bmi2 instruction is not present, we consider
318 * such cpus old (pre-Haswell, 2013) and their performance is not of that
321 #if defined(__x86_64__) || defined(_M_X86)
322 return (bitContainer >> (start & regMask)) & ((((U64)1) << nbBits) - 1);
324 return (bitContainer >> (start & regMask)) & BIT_mask[nbBits];
328 MEM_STATIC FORCE_INLINE_ATTR size_t BIT_getLowerBits(size_t bitContainer, U32 const nbBits)
330 assert(nbBits < BIT_MASK_SIZE);
331 return bitContainer & BIT_mask[nbBits];
335 * Provides next n bits from local register.
336 * local register is not modified.
337 * On 32-bits, maxNbBits==24.
338 * On 64-bits, maxNbBits==56.
339 * @return : value extracted */
340 MEM_STATIC FORCE_INLINE_ATTR size_t BIT_lookBits(const BIT_DStream_t* bitD, U32 nbBits)
342 /* arbitrate between double-shift and shift+mask */
344 /* if bitD->bitsConsumed + nbBits > sizeof(bitD->bitContainer)*8,
345 * bitstream is likely corrupted, and result is undefined */
346 return BIT_getMiddleBits(bitD->bitContainer, (sizeof(bitD->bitContainer)*8) - bitD->bitsConsumed - nbBits, nbBits);
348 /* this code path is slower on my os-x laptop */
349 U32 const regMask = sizeof(bitD->bitContainer)*8 - 1;
350 return ((bitD->bitContainer << (bitD->bitsConsumed & regMask)) >> 1) >> ((regMask-nbBits) & regMask);
354 /*! BIT_lookBitsFast() :
355 * unsafe version; only works if nbBits >= 1 */
356 MEM_STATIC size_t BIT_lookBitsFast(const BIT_DStream_t* bitD, U32 nbBits)
358 U32 const regMask = sizeof(bitD->bitContainer)*8 - 1;
360 return (bitD->bitContainer << (bitD->bitsConsumed & regMask)) >> (((regMask+1)-nbBits) & regMask);
363 MEM_STATIC FORCE_INLINE_ATTR void BIT_skipBits(BIT_DStream_t* bitD, U32 nbBits)
365 bitD->bitsConsumed += nbBits;
369 * Read (consume) next n bits from local register and update.
370 * Pay attention to not read more than nbBits contained into local register.
371 * @return : extracted value. */
372 MEM_STATIC FORCE_INLINE_ATTR size_t BIT_readBits(BIT_DStream_t* bitD, unsigned nbBits)
374 size_t const value = BIT_lookBits(bitD, nbBits);
375 BIT_skipBits(bitD, nbBits);
379 /*! BIT_readBitsFast() :
380 * unsafe version; only works only if nbBits >= 1 */
381 MEM_STATIC size_t BIT_readBitsFast(BIT_DStream_t* bitD, unsigned nbBits)
383 size_t const value = BIT_lookBitsFast(bitD, nbBits);
385 BIT_skipBits(bitD, nbBits);
389 /*! BIT_reloadDStreamFast() :
390 * Similar to BIT_reloadDStream(), but with two differences:
391 * 1. bitsConsumed <= sizeof(bitD->bitContainer)*8 must hold!
392 * 2. Returns BIT_DStream_overflow when bitD->ptr < bitD->limitPtr, at this
393 * point you must use BIT_reloadDStream() to reload.
395 MEM_STATIC BIT_DStream_status BIT_reloadDStreamFast(BIT_DStream_t* bitD)
397 if (UNLIKELY(bitD->ptr < bitD->limitPtr))
398 return BIT_DStream_overflow;
399 assert(bitD->bitsConsumed <= sizeof(bitD->bitContainer)*8);
400 bitD->ptr -= bitD->bitsConsumed >> 3;
401 bitD->bitsConsumed &= 7;
402 bitD->bitContainer = MEM_readLEST(bitD->ptr);
403 return BIT_DStream_unfinished;
406 /*! BIT_reloadDStream() :
407 * Refill `bitD` from buffer previously set in BIT_initDStream() .
408 * This function is safe, it guarantees it will not read beyond src buffer.
409 * @return : status of `BIT_DStream_t` internal register.
410 * when status == BIT_DStream_unfinished, internal register is filled with at least 25 or 57 bits */
411 MEM_STATIC BIT_DStream_status BIT_reloadDStream(BIT_DStream_t* bitD)
413 if (bitD->bitsConsumed > (sizeof(bitD->bitContainer)*8)) /* overflow detected, like end of stream */
414 return BIT_DStream_overflow;
416 if (bitD->ptr >= bitD->limitPtr) {
417 return BIT_reloadDStreamFast(bitD);
419 if (bitD->ptr == bitD->start) {
420 if (bitD->bitsConsumed < sizeof(bitD->bitContainer)*8) return BIT_DStream_endOfBuffer;
421 return BIT_DStream_completed;
423 /* start < ptr < limitPtr */
424 { U32 nbBytes = bitD->bitsConsumed >> 3;
425 BIT_DStream_status result = BIT_DStream_unfinished;
426 if (bitD->ptr - nbBytes < bitD->start) {
427 nbBytes = (U32)(bitD->ptr - bitD->start); /* ptr > start */
428 result = BIT_DStream_endOfBuffer;
430 bitD->ptr -= nbBytes;
431 bitD->bitsConsumed -= nbBytes*8;
432 bitD->bitContainer = MEM_readLEST(bitD->ptr); /* reminder : srcSize > sizeof(bitD->bitContainer), otherwise bitD->ptr == bitD->start */
437 /*! BIT_endOfDStream() :
438 * @return : 1 if DStream has _exactly_ reached its end (all bits consumed).
440 MEM_STATIC unsigned BIT_endOfDStream(const BIT_DStream_t* DStream)
442 return ((DStream->ptr == DStream->start) && (DStream->bitsConsumed == sizeof(DStream->bitContainer)*8));
446 #endif /* BITSTREAM_H_MODULE */