1 The language of Mievian
2 =======================
4 Natively known as: miev /maɪ̯v/
9 See https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Constructed_language&oldid=1057339574#Ownership_of_constructed_languages
11 My position is that no one should be able to copyright a language.
12 Since the matter doesn't seem settled, this is under the CC0 1.0
13 Universal (CC0 1.0) Public Domain Dedication to remove any copyright
14 if any ever did exist.
15 https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
20 This file makes use of International Phonetic Alphabet:
21 <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet>
26 Consonant inventory: b d f j k m n p s t v z ɣ ɲ ʃ ʒ
28 | ↓Manner/Place→ | Bilabial | Labiodental | Alveolar | Palato-alveolar | Palatal | Velar |
29 | Nasal | m | | n | | ɲ | |
30 | Stop | p b | | t d | | | k |
31 | Fricative | | f v | s z | ʃ ʒ | | ɣ |
32 | Approximant | | | | | j | |
34 Vowel inventory: a au̯ aɪ̯ aː i iː u uː ɐ ɐi̯ ɐu̯ ɐː ɔ ɔɪ̯ ɔː ɛ ɛʊ̯ ɛː ɪ ɪː ʊ ʊu̯ ʊɪ̯ ʊː
36 Diphthongs: au̯ aɪ̯ ɐi̯ ɐu̯ ɔɪ̯ ɛʊ̯ ʊu̯ ʊɪ̯
38 | | Front | Central | Back |
39 | High | i iː | | u uː |
40 | Near-high | ɪ ɪː | | ʊ ʊː |
41 | Low-mid | ɛ ɛː | | ɔ ɔː |
42 | Near-low | | ɐ ɐː | |
45 Syllable structure: (C)V(C)
46 Stress pattern: Second - stress is on the second syllable
50 | Pronunciation | Spelling |
69 Main word order: Object Verb (Prepositional phrase) Subject.
70 Adjective order: Adjectives are positioned after the noun.
71 Adposition: prepositions
76 Nouns have both a plural affix and 'paucal' affix for referring to a few
79 | Singular | No affix dúu /dʊu̯/ |
82 | Plural | If starts with vowel: Prefix k- Else: Prefix kɔ- kodúu /kɔˈdʊu̯/ |
85 | Paucal | Prefix zɐː- záádúu /zɐːˈdʊu̯/ |
92 | | Definite | Indefinite |
93 | Singular | noík /nɔɪ̯k/ | o /ɔ/ |
96 | Plural | shoon /ʃɔːn/ | aup /au̯p/ |
100 Uses of definite article that differ from English:
102 - Not used for mass (uncountable) nouns: 'Walking in the mud' would
103 always translate to 'Walking in mud'.
105 Uses of indefinite article that differ from English:
107 - Not used for non-specific mass (uncountable) nouns: non-specific
108 means 'Would you like some (any) tea?' whereas specific means 'Some
109 tea (a specific amount) fell off the truck'
114 | 1st singular | kik /kik/ |
117 | 2nd singular | múum /mʊu̯m/ |
120 | 3rd singular masc | kie /kaɪ̯/ |
122 | | he, him, his, it, its |
123 | 3rd singular fem | nak /nak/ |
125 | | she, her, hers, it, its |
126 | 1st plural inclusive | túúzh /tʊːʒ/ |
128 | | we (including you), us (including you), ours (including you) |
129 | 1st plural exclusive | nái /nɐi̯/ |
131 | | we (excluding you), us (excluding you), ours (excluding you) |
132 | 2nd plural | teú /tɛʊ̯/ |
134 | | you all, yours (pl) |
135 | 3rd plural | záim /zɐi̯m/ |
137 | | they, them, theirs |
139 Possessive determiners
140 ----------------------
142 | 1st singular | kik /kik/ |
145 | 2nd singular | múum /mʊu̯m/ |
148 | 3rd singular masc | kie /kaɪ̯/ |
151 | 3rd singular fem | nak /nak/ |
154 | 1st plural inclusive | túúzh /tʊːʒ/ |
156 | | our (including you) |
157 | 1st plural exclusive | nái /nɐi̯/ |
159 | | our (excluding you) |
160 | 2nd plural | teú /tɛʊ̯/ |
163 | 3rd plural | záim /zɐi̯m/ |
170 | | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person |
171 | Present | If starts with vowel: Prefix f- Else: Prefix fʊu̯- fúubás /fʊu̯ˈbɐs/ | If starts with vowel: Prefix n- Else: Prefix nɐi̯- náibás /nɐi̯ˈbɐs/ | Prefix ʊɪ̯- úíbás /ʊɪ̯ˈbɐs/ |
173 | | (I/we) learn | (you/you all) learn | ( he/she/it/they) learn |
174 | Past | Prefix iː- iibás /iːˈbɐs/ | If starts with vowel: Prefix k- Else: Prefix kɔ- kobás /kɔˈbɐs/ | If starts with vowel: Prefix z- Else: Prefix zʊɪ̯- zúíbás /zʊɪ̯ˈbɐs/ |
176 | | (I/we) learned | (you/you all) learned | ( he/she/it/they) learned |
177 | Remote past | Prefix mɔ- mobás /mɔˈbɐs/ | Prefix ʃɔ- shobás /ʃɔˈbɐs/ | Prefix ʊ- úbás /ʊˈbɐs/ |
179 | | (I/we) learned (long ago) | (you/you all) learned (long ago) | ( he/she/it/they) learned (long ago) |
180 | Future | Prefix ti- tibás /tiˈbɐs/ | If starts with vowel: Prefix m- Else: Prefix mɪ- míbás /mɪˈbɐs/ | If starts with vowel: Prefix b- Else: Prefix bʊ- búbás /bʊˈbɐs/ |
182 | | (I/we) will learn | (you/you all) will learn | ( he/she/it/they) will learn |
186 The 'imperfective' aspect refers to ongoing actions, such as "I am
187 learning" and habitual actions, such as "I learn (something new every
190 Mievian uses a standalone particle word for imperfective:
192 | Imperfective | Particle before the verb: fip - fip bás /fip bɐs/ |
194 | | learns/is learning |
198 The perfect aspect in English is exemplified in "I have read this book",
199 which expresses an event that took place before the time spoken but
200 which has an effect on or is in some way still relevant to the
203 Mievian uses an affix for the perfect aspect:
205 | Perfect | Reduplicate last part of last syllable básás /bɐˈsɐs/ |
212 Mievian has a base-10 number system:
227 Derivational morphology
228 -----------------------
230 Noun to verb = Prefix ɐi̯-
232 Verb to noun (the act of [verb]) =
233 If starts with vowel: Prefix k-
236 Verb to noun that verb produces (e.g. know to knowledge) =
237 If starts with vowel: Prefix m-
240 Noun to adjective (having the quality of [noun]) =
241 If starts with vowel: Prefix b-
244 Noun to adjective relating to noun (e.g. economy to economic) = Prefix ʊɪ̯-
246 Adjective to noun (the quality of being [adj]) =
247 If starts with vowel: Prefix z-
250 Adjective to verb (to make something [adj]) = Prefix pi-
252 One who [verb]s (e.g. paint to painter) = Prefix bu-
254 Adjective to adverb = Prefix vɐ-
256 Verb-to-adjective (result of doing [verb]) = Prefix puː-
259 If starts with vowel: Prefix p-
262 Augmentative = Prefix ʒɪ-
264 Place of (e.g. wine to winery) = Prefix a-
266 Tending to = Prefix su-