1 The language of Mievian
2 =======================
4 Natively known as: miev /maɪ̯v/
9 See https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Constructed_language&oldid=1057339574#Ownership_of_constructed_languages
11 My position is that no one should be able to copyright a language.
12 Since the matter doesn't seem settled, this is under the CC0 1.0
13 Universal (CC0 1.0) Public Domain Dedication to remove any copyright
14 if any ever did exist.
15 https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
20 This file makes use of International Phonetic Alphabet:
21 <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet>
26 Consonant inventory: b d f j k m n p s t v z ɣ ɲ ʃ ʒ
28 | ↓Manner/Place→ | Bilabial | Labiodental | Alveolar | Palato-alveolar | Palatal | Velar |
29 | Nasal | m | | n | | ɲ | |
30 | Stop | p b | | t d | | | k |
31 | Fricative | | f v | s z | ʃ ʒ | | ɣ |
32 | Approximant | | | | | j | |
34 Vowel inventory: a au̯ aɪ̯ aː i iː u uː ɐ ɐi̯ ɐu̯ ɐː ɔ ɔɪ̯ ɔː ɛ ɛʊ̯ ɛː ɪ ɪː ʊ ʊu̯ ʊɪ̯ ʊː
36 Diphthongs: au̯ aɪ̯ ɐi̯ ɐu̯ ɔɪ̯ ɛʊ̯ ʊu̯ ʊɪ̯
38 | | Front | Central | Back |
39 | High | i iː | | u uː |
40 | Near-high | ɪ ɪː | | ʊ ʊː |
41 | Low-mid | ɛ ɛː | | ɔ ɔː |
42 | Near-low | | ɐ ɐː | |
45 Syllable structure: (C)V(C)
46 Stress pattern: Second - stress is on the second syllable
50 | Pronunciation | Spelling |
69 Main word order: Object Verb (Prepositional phrase) Subject.
70 Adjective order: Adjectives are positioned after the noun.
71 Adposition: prepositions
76 Nouns have both a plural affix and 'paucal' affix for referring to a few
79 | Singular | No affix |
83 | Plural | If starts with vowel: Prefix k- Else: Prefix kɔ- |
84 | | kodúu /kɔˈdʊu̯/ |
87 | Paucal | Prefix zɐː- |
88 | | záádúu /zɐːˈdʊu̯/ |
94 | | Definite | Indefinite |
95 | Singular | noík /nɔɪ̯k/ | o /ɔ/ |
98 | Plural | shoon /ʃɔːn/ | aup /au̯p/ |
101 Uses of definite article that differ from English:
103 - Not used for mass (uncountable) nouns: 'Walking in the mud' would
104 always translate to 'Walking in mud'.
106 Uses of indefinite article that differ from English:
108 - Not used for non-specific mass (uncountable) nouns: non-specific
109 means 'Would you like some (any) tea?' whereas specific means 'Some
110 tea (a specific amount) fell off the truck'
115 | 1st singular | kik /kik/ |
118 | 2nd singular | múum /mʊu̯m/ |
121 | 3rd singular masc | kie /kaɪ̯/ |
122 | | he, him, his, it, its |
124 | 3rd singular fem | nak /nak/ |
125 | | she, her, hers, it, its |
127 | 1st plural inclusive | túúzh /tʊːʒ/ |
128 | | we (including you), us (including you), ours (including you) |
130 | 1st plural exclusive | nái /nɐi̯/ |
131 | | we (excluding you), us (excluding you), ours (excluding you) |
133 | 2nd plural | teú /tɛʊ̯/ |
134 | | you all, yours (pl) |
136 | 3rd plural | záim /zɐi̯m/ |
137 | | they, them, theirs |
139 Possessive determiners
140 ----------------------
142 | 1st singular | kik /kik/ |
145 | 2nd singular | múum /mʊu̯m/ |
148 | 3rd singular masc | kie /kaɪ̯/ |
151 | 3rd singular fem | nak /nak/ |
154 | 1st plural inclusive | túúzh /tʊːʒ/ |
155 | | our (including you) |
157 | 1st plural exclusive | nái /nɐi̯/ |
158 | | our (excluding you) |
160 | 2nd plural | teú /tɛʊ̯/ |
163 | 3rd plural | záim /zɐi̯m/ |
169 | | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person |
171 | Present | If starts with vowel: Prefix f- Else: Prefix fʊu̯- | If starts with vowel: Prefix n- Else: Prefix nɐi̯- | Prefix ʊɪ̯- |
172 | | fúubás /fʊu̯ˈbɐs/ | náibás /nɐi̯ˈbɐs/ | úíbás /ʊɪ̯ˈbɐs/ |
173 | | (I/we) learn | (you/you all) learn | (he/she/it/they) learn |
175 | Past | Prefix iː- | If starts with vowel: Prefix k- Else: Prefix kɔ- | If starts with vowel: Prefix z- Else: Prefix zʊɪ̯- |
176 | | iibás /iːˈbɐs/ | kobás /kɔˈbɐs/ | zúíbás /zʊɪ̯ˈbɐs/ |
177 | | (I/we) learned | (you/you all) learned | (he/she/it/they) learned |
179 | Remove past | Prefix mɔ- | Prefix ʃɔ- | Prefix ʊ- |
180 | | mobás /mɔˈbɐs/ | shobás /ʃɔˈbɐs/ | úbás /ʊˈbɐs/ |
181 | | (I/we) learned (long ago) | (you/you all) learned (long ago) | (he/she/it/they) learned (long ago) |
183 | Future | Prefix ti- | If starts with vowel: Prefix m- Else: Prefix mɪ- | If starts with vowel: Prefix b- Else: Prefix bʊ- |
184 | | tibás /tiˈbɐs/ | míbás /mɪˈbɐs/ | búbás /bʊˈbɐs/ |
185 | | (I/we) will learn | (you/you all) will learn | (he/she/it/they) will learn |
189 The 'imperfective' aspect refers to ongoing actions, such as "I am
190 learning" and habitual actions, such as "I learn (something new every
193 Mievian uses a standalone particle word for imperfective:
195 | Imperfective | Particle before the verb: fip - |
196 | | fip bás /fip bɐs/ |
197 | | learns/is learning |
201 The perfect aspect in English is exemplified in "I have read this book",
202 which expresses an event that took place before the time spoken but
203 which has an effect on or is in some way still relevant to the
206 Mievian uses an affix for the perfect aspect:
208 | Perfect | Reduplicate last part of last syllable |
209 | | básás /bɐˈsɐs/ |
215 Mievian has a base-10 number system:
230 Derivational morphology
231 -----------------------
233 Noun to verb = Prefix ɐi̯-
235 Verb to noun (the act of [verb]) =
236 If starts with vowel: Prefix k-
239 Verb to noun that verb produces (e.g. know to knowledge) =
240 If starts with vowel: Prefix m-
243 Noun to adjective (having the quality of [noun]) =
244 If starts with vowel: Prefix b-
247 Noun to adjective relating to noun (e.g. economy to economic) = Prefix ʊɪ̯-
249 Adjective to noun (the quality of being [adj]) =
250 If starts with vowel: Prefix z-
253 Adjective to verb (to make something [adj]) = Prefix pi-
255 One who [verb]s (e.g. paint to painter) = Prefix bu-
257 Adjective to adverb = Prefix vɐ-
259 Verb-to-adjective (result of doing [verb]) = Prefix puː-
262 If starts with vowel: Prefix p-
265 Augmentative = Prefix ʒɪ-
267 Place of (e.g. wine to winery) = Prefix a-
269 Tending to = Prefix su-