2 * Copyright (c) International Business Machines Corp., 2006
3 * Copyright (c) Nokia Corporation, 2007
5 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
6 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
7 * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
8 * (at your option) any later version.
10 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
11 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
12 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See
13 * the GNU General Public License for more details.
15 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
16 * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
17 * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
19 * Author: Artem Bityutskiy (Битюцкий Артём),
24 * This file includes UBI initialization and building of UBI devices.
26 * When UBI is initialized, it attaches all the MTD devices specified as the
27 * module load parameters or the kernel boot parameters. If MTD devices were
28 * specified, UBI does not attach any MTD device, but it is possible to do
29 * later using the "UBI control device".
32 #include <linux/err.h>
33 #include <linux/module.h>
34 #include <linux/moduleparam.h>
35 #include <linux/stringify.h>
36 #include <linux/namei.h>
37 #include <linux/stat.h>
38 #include <linux/miscdevice.h>
39 #include <linux/mtd/partitions.h>
40 #include <linux/log2.h>
41 #include <linux/kthread.h>
42 #include <linux/kernel.h>
43 #include <linux/slab.h>
44 #include <linux/major.h>
47 /* Maximum length of the 'mtd=' parameter */
48 #define MTD_PARAM_LEN_MAX 64
50 /* Maximum number of comma-separated items in the 'mtd=' parameter */
51 #define MTD_PARAM_MAX_COUNT 4
53 /* Maximum value for the number of bad PEBs per 1024 PEBs */
54 #define MAX_MTD_UBI_BEB_LIMIT 768
56 #ifdef CONFIG_MTD_UBI_MODULE
57 #define ubi_is_module() 1
59 #define ubi_is_module() 0
63 * struct mtd_dev_param - MTD device parameter description data structure.
64 * @name: MTD character device node path, MTD device name, or MTD device number
66 * @vid_hdr_offs: VID header offset
67 * @max_beb_per1024: maximum expected number of bad PEBs per 1024 PEBs
69 struct mtd_dev_param {
70 char name[MTD_PARAM_LEN_MAX];
76 /* Numbers of elements set in the @mtd_dev_param array */
77 static int __initdata mtd_devs;
79 /* MTD devices specification parameters */
80 static struct mtd_dev_param __initdata mtd_dev_param[UBI_MAX_DEVICES];
81 #ifdef CONFIG_MTD_UBI_FASTMAP
82 /* UBI module parameter to enable fastmap automatically on non-fastmap images */
83 static bool fm_autoconvert;
87 /* Slab cache for wear-leveling entries */
88 struct kmem_cache *ubi_wl_entry_slab;
90 /* UBI control character device */
91 static struct miscdevice ubi_ctrl_cdev = {
92 .minor = MISC_DYNAMIC_MINOR,
94 .fops = &ubi_ctrl_cdev_operations,
97 /* All UBI devices in system */
98 static struct ubi_device *ubi_devices[UBI_MAX_DEVICES];
100 /* Serializes UBI devices creations and removals */
101 DEFINE_MUTEX(ubi_devices_mutex);
103 /* Protects @ubi_devices and @ubi->ref_count */
104 static DEFINE_SPINLOCK(ubi_devices_lock);
106 /* "Show" method for files in '/<sysfs>/class/ubi/' */
107 static ssize_t ubi_version_show(struct class *class,
108 struct class_attribute *attr, char *buf)
110 return sprintf(buf, "%d\n", UBI_VERSION);
113 /* UBI version attribute ('/<sysfs>/class/ubi/version') */
114 static struct class_attribute ubi_class_attrs[] = {
115 __ATTR(version, S_IRUGO, ubi_version_show, NULL),
119 /* Root UBI "class" object (corresponds to '/<sysfs>/class/ubi/') */
120 struct class ubi_class = {
121 .name = UBI_NAME_STR,
122 .owner = THIS_MODULE,
123 .class_attrs = ubi_class_attrs,
126 static ssize_t dev_attribute_show(struct device *dev,
127 struct device_attribute *attr, char *buf);
129 /* UBI device attributes (correspond to files in '/<sysfs>/class/ubi/ubiX') */
130 static struct device_attribute dev_eraseblock_size =
131 __ATTR(eraseblock_size, S_IRUGO, dev_attribute_show, NULL);
132 static struct device_attribute dev_avail_eraseblocks =
133 __ATTR(avail_eraseblocks, S_IRUGO, dev_attribute_show, NULL);
134 static struct device_attribute dev_total_eraseblocks =
135 __ATTR(total_eraseblocks, S_IRUGO, dev_attribute_show, NULL);
136 static struct device_attribute dev_volumes_count =
137 __ATTR(volumes_count, S_IRUGO, dev_attribute_show, NULL);
138 static struct device_attribute dev_max_ec =
139 __ATTR(max_ec, S_IRUGO, dev_attribute_show, NULL);
140 static struct device_attribute dev_reserved_for_bad =
141 __ATTR(reserved_for_bad, S_IRUGO, dev_attribute_show, NULL);
142 static struct device_attribute dev_bad_peb_count =
143 __ATTR(bad_peb_count, S_IRUGO, dev_attribute_show, NULL);
144 static struct device_attribute dev_max_vol_count =
145 __ATTR(max_vol_count, S_IRUGO, dev_attribute_show, NULL);
146 static struct device_attribute dev_min_io_size =
147 __ATTR(min_io_size, S_IRUGO, dev_attribute_show, NULL);
148 static struct device_attribute dev_bgt_enabled =
149 __ATTR(bgt_enabled, S_IRUGO, dev_attribute_show, NULL);
150 static struct device_attribute dev_mtd_num =
151 __ATTR(mtd_num, S_IRUGO, dev_attribute_show, NULL);
152 static struct device_attribute dev_ro_mode =
153 __ATTR(ro_mode, S_IRUGO, dev_attribute_show, NULL);
156 * ubi_volume_notify - send a volume change notification.
157 * @ubi: UBI device description object
158 * @vol: volume description object of the changed volume
159 * @ntype: notification type to send (%UBI_VOLUME_ADDED, etc)
161 * This is a helper function which notifies all subscribers about a volume
162 * change event (creation, removal, re-sizing, re-naming, updating). Returns
163 * zero in case of success and a negative error code in case of failure.
165 int ubi_volume_notify(struct ubi_device *ubi, struct ubi_volume *vol, int ntype)
168 struct ubi_notification nt;
170 ubi_do_get_device_info(ubi, &nt.di);
171 ubi_do_get_volume_info(ubi, vol, &nt.vi);
174 case UBI_VOLUME_ADDED:
175 case UBI_VOLUME_REMOVED:
176 case UBI_VOLUME_RESIZED:
177 case UBI_VOLUME_RENAMED:
178 ret = ubi_update_fastmap(ubi);
180 ubi_msg(ubi, "Unable to write a new fastmap: %i", ret);
183 return blocking_notifier_call_chain(&ubi_notifiers, ntype, &nt);
187 * ubi_notify_all - send a notification to all volumes.
188 * @ubi: UBI device description object
189 * @ntype: notification type to send (%UBI_VOLUME_ADDED, etc)
190 * @nb: the notifier to call
192 * This function walks all volumes of UBI device @ubi and sends the @ntype
193 * notification for each volume. If @nb is %NULL, then all registered notifiers
194 * are called, otherwise only the @nb notifier is called. Returns the number of
195 * sent notifications.
197 int ubi_notify_all(struct ubi_device *ubi, int ntype, struct notifier_block *nb)
199 struct ubi_notification nt;
202 ubi_do_get_device_info(ubi, &nt.di);
204 mutex_lock(&ubi->device_mutex);
205 for (i = 0; i < ubi->vtbl_slots; i++) {
207 * Since the @ubi->device is locked, and we are not going to
208 * change @ubi->volumes, we do not have to lock
209 * @ubi->volumes_lock.
211 if (!ubi->volumes[i])
214 ubi_do_get_volume_info(ubi, ubi->volumes[i], &nt.vi);
216 nb->notifier_call(nb, ntype, &nt);
218 blocking_notifier_call_chain(&ubi_notifiers, ntype,
222 mutex_unlock(&ubi->device_mutex);
228 * ubi_enumerate_volumes - send "add" notification for all existing volumes.
229 * @nb: the notifier to call
231 * This function walks all UBI devices and volumes and sends the
232 * %UBI_VOLUME_ADDED notification for each volume. If @nb is %NULL, then all
233 * registered notifiers are called, otherwise only the @nb notifier is called.
234 * Returns the number of sent notifications.
236 int ubi_enumerate_volumes(struct notifier_block *nb)
241 * Since the @ubi_devices_mutex is locked, and we are not going to
242 * change @ubi_devices, we do not have to lock @ubi_devices_lock.
244 for (i = 0; i < UBI_MAX_DEVICES; i++) {
245 struct ubi_device *ubi = ubi_devices[i];
249 count += ubi_notify_all(ubi, UBI_VOLUME_ADDED, nb);
256 * ubi_get_device - get UBI device.
257 * @ubi_num: UBI device number
259 * This function returns UBI device description object for UBI device number
260 * @ubi_num, or %NULL if the device does not exist. This function increases the
261 * device reference count to prevent removal of the device. In other words, the
262 * device cannot be removed if its reference count is not zero.
264 struct ubi_device *ubi_get_device(int ubi_num)
266 struct ubi_device *ubi;
268 spin_lock(&ubi_devices_lock);
269 ubi = ubi_devices[ubi_num];
271 ubi_assert(ubi->ref_count >= 0);
273 get_device(&ubi->dev);
275 spin_unlock(&ubi_devices_lock);
281 * ubi_put_device - drop an UBI device reference.
282 * @ubi: UBI device description object
284 void ubi_put_device(struct ubi_device *ubi)
286 spin_lock(&ubi_devices_lock);
288 put_device(&ubi->dev);
289 spin_unlock(&ubi_devices_lock);
293 * ubi_get_by_major - get UBI device by character device major number.
294 * @major: major number
296 * This function is similar to 'ubi_get_device()', but it searches the device
297 * by its major number.
299 struct ubi_device *ubi_get_by_major(int major)
302 struct ubi_device *ubi;
304 spin_lock(&ubi_devices_lock);
305 for (i = 0; i < UBI_MAX_DEVICES; i++) {
306 ubi = ubi_devices[i];
307 if (ubi && MAJOR(ubi->cdev.dev) == major) {
308 ubi_assert(ubi->ref_count >= 0);
310 get_device(&ubi->dev);
311 spin_unlock(&ubi_devices_lock);
315 spin_unlock(&ubi_devices_lock);
321 * ubi_major2num - get UBI device number by character device major number.
322 * @major: major number
324 * This function searches UBI device number object by its major number. If UBI
325 * device was not found, this function returns -ENODEV, otherwise the UBI device
326 * number is returned.
328 int ubi_major2num(int major)
330 int i, ubi_num = -ENODEV;
332 spin_lock(&ubi_devices_lock);
333 for (i = 0; i < UBI_MAX_DEVICES; i++) {
334 struct ubi_device *ubi = ubi_devices[i];
336 if (ubi && MAJOR(ubi->cdev.dev) == major) {
337 ubi_num = ubi->ubi_num;
341 spin_unlock(&ubi_devices_lock);
346 /* "Show" method for files in '/<sysfs>/class/ubi/ubiX/' */
347 static ssize_t dev_attribute_show(struct device *dev,
348 struct device_attribute *attr, char *buf)
351 struct ubi_device *ubi;
354 * The below code looks weird, but it actually makes sense. We get the
355 * UBI device reference from the contained 'struct ubi_device'. But it
356 * is unclear if the device was removed or not yet. Indeed, if the
357 * device was removed before we increased its reference count,
358 * 'ubi_get_device()' will return -ENODEV and we fail.
360 * Remember, 'struct ubi_device' is freed in the release function, so
361 * we still can use 'ubi->ubi_num'.
363 ubi = container_of(dev, struct ubi_device, dev);
364 ubi = ubi_get_device(ubi->ubi_num);
368 if (attr == &dev_eraseblock_size)
369 ret = sprintf(buf, "%d\n", ubi->leb_size);
370 else if (attr == &dev_avail_eraseblocks)
371 ret = sprintf(buf, "%d\n", ubi->avail_pebs);
372 else if (attr == &dev_total_eraseblocks)
373 ret = sprintf(buf, "%d\n", ubi->good_peb_count);
374 else if (attr == &dev_volumes_count)
375 ret = sprintf(buf, "%d\n", ubi->vol_count - UBI_INT_VOL_COUNT);
376 else if (attr == &dev_max_ec)
377 ret = sprintf(buf, "%d\n", ubi->max_ec);
378 else if (attr == &dev_reserved_for_bad)
379 ret = sprintf(buf, "%d\n", ubi->beb_rsvd_pebs);
380 else if (attr == &dev_bad_peb_count)
381 ret = sprintf(buf, "%d\n", ubi->bad_peb_count);
382 else if (attr == &dev_max_vol_count)
383 ret = sprintf(buf, "%d\n", ubi->vtbl_slots);
384 else if (attr == &dev_min_io_size)
385 ret = sprintf(buf, "%d\n", ubi->min_io_size);
386 else if (attr == &dev_bgt_enabled)
387 ret = sprintf(buf, "%d\n", ubi->thread_enabled);
388 else if (attr == &dev_mtd_num)
389 ret = sprintf(buf, "%d\n", ubi->mtd->index);
390 else if (attr == &dev_ro_mode)
391 ret = sprintf(buf, "%d\n", ubi->ro_mode);
399 static struct attribute *ubi_dev_attrs[] = {
400 &dev_eraseblock_size.attr,
401 &dev_avail_eraseblocks.attr,
402 &dev_total_eraseblocks.attr,
403 &dev_volumes_count.attr,
405 &dev_reserved_for_bad.attr,
406 &dev_bad_peb_count.attr,
407 &dev_max_vol_count.attr,
408 &dev_min_io_size.attr,
409 &dev_bgt_enabled.attr,
414 ATTRIBUTE_GROUPS(ubi_dev);
416 static void dev_release(struct device *dev)
418 struct ubi_device *ubi = container_of(dev, struct ubi_device, dev);
424 * ubi_sysfs_init - initialize sysfs for an UBI device.
425 * @ubi: UBI device description object
426 * @ref: set to %1 on exit in case of failure if a reference to @ubi->dev was
429 * This function returns zero in case of success and a negative error code in
432 static int ubi_sysfs_init(struct ubi_device *ubi, int *ref)
436 ubi->dev.release = dev_release;
437 ubi->dev.devt = ubi->cdev.dev;
438 ubi->dev.class = &ubi_class;
439 ubi->dev.groups = ubi_dev_groups;
440 dev_set_name(&ubi->dev, UBI_NAME_STR"%d", ubi->ubi_num);
441 err = device_register(&ubi->dev);
450 * ubi_sysfs_close - close sysfs for an UBI device.
451 * @ubi: UBI device description object
453 static void ubi_sysfs_close(struct ubi_device *ubi)
455 device_unregister(&ubi->dev);
459 * kill_volumes - destroy all user volumes.
460 * @ubi: UBI device description object
462 static void kill_volumes(struct ubi_device *ubi)
466 for (i = 0; i < ubi->vtbl_slots; i++)
468 ubi_free_volume(ubi, ubi->volumes[i]);
472 * uif_init - initialize user interfaces for an UBI device.
473 * @ubi: UBI device description object
474 * @ref: set to %1 on exit in case of failure if a reference to @ubi->dev was
475 * taken, otherwise set to %0
477 * This function initializes various user interfaces for an UBI device. If the
478 * initialization fails at an early stage, this function frees all the
479 * resources it allocated, returns an error, and @ref is set to %0. However,
480 * if the initialization fails after the UBI device was registered in the
481 * driver core subsystem, this function takes a reference to @ubi->dev, because
482 * otherwise the release function ('dev_release()') would free whole @ubi
483 * object. The @ref argument is set to %1 in this case. The caller has to put
486 * This function returns zero in case of success and a negative error code in
489 static int uif_init(struct ubi_device *ubi, int *ref)
495 sprintf(ubi->ubi_name, UBI_NAME_STR "%d", ubi->ubi_num);
498 * Major numbers for the UBI character devices are allocated
499 * dynamically. Major numbers of volume character devices are
500 * equivalent to ones of the corresponding UBI character device. Minor
501 * numbers of UBI character devices are 0, while minor numbers of
502 * volume character devices start from 1. Thus, we allocate one major
503 * number and ubi->vtbl_slots + 1 minor numbers.
505 err = alloc_chrdev_region(&dev, 0, ubi->vtbl_slots + 1, ubi->ubi_name);
507 ubi_err(ubi, "cannot register UBI character devices");
511 ubi_assert(MINOR(dev) == 0);
512 cdev_init(&ubi->cdev, &ubi_cdev_operations);
513 dbg_gen("%s major is %u", ubi->ubi_name, MAJOR(dev));
514 ubi->cdev.owner = THIS_MODULE;
516 err = cdev_add(&ubi->cdev, dev, 1);
518 ubi_err(ubi, "cannot add character device");
522 err = ubi_sysfs_init(ubi, ref);
526 for (i = 0; i < ubi->vtbl_slots; i++)
527 if (ubi->volumes[i]) {
528 err = ubi_add_volume(ubi, ubi->volumes[i]);
530 ubi_err(ubi, "cannot add volume %d", i);
541 get_device(&ubi->dev);
542 ubi_sysfs_close(ubi);
543 cdev_del(&ubi->cdev);
545 unregister_chrdev_region(ubi->cdev.dev, ubi->vtbl_slots + 1);
546 ubi_err(ubi, "cannot initialize UBI %s, error %d",
552 * uif_close - close user interfaces for an UBI device.
553 * @ubi: UBI device description object
555 * Note, since this function un-registers UBI volume device objects (@vol->dev),
556 * the memory allocated voe the volumes is freed as well (in the release
559 static void uif_close(struct ubi_device *ubi)
562 ubi_sysfs_close(ubi);
563 cdev_del(&ubi->cdev);
564 unregister_chrdev_region(ubi->cdev.dev, ubi->vtbl_slots + 1);
568 * ubi_free_internal_volumes - free internal volumes.
569 * @ubi: UBI device description object
571 void ubi_free_internal_volumes(struct ubi_device *ubi)
575 for (i = ubi->vtbl_slots;
576 i < ubi->vtbl_slots + UBI_INT_VOL_COUNT; i++) {
577 ubi_eba_replace_table(ubi->volumes[i], NULL);
578 kfree(ubi->volumes[i]);
582 static int get_bad_peb_limit(const struct ubi_device *ubi, int max_beb_per1024)
584 int limit, device_pebs;
585 uint64_t device_size;
587 if (!max_beb_per1024)
591 * Here we are using size of the entire flash chip and
592 * not just the MTD partition size because the maximum
593 * number of bad eraseblocks is a percentage of the
594 * whole device and bad eraseblocks are not fairly
595 * distributed over the flash chip. So the worst case
596 * is that all the bad eraseblocks of the chip are in
597 * the MTD partition we are attaching (ubi->mtd).
599 device_size = mtd_get_device_size(ubi->mtd);
600 device_pebs = mtd_div_by_eb(device_size, ubi->mtd);
601 limit = mult_frac(device_pebs, max_beb_per1024, 1024);
604 if (mult_frac(limit, 1024, max_beb_per1024) < device_pebs)
611 * io_init - initialize I/O sub-system for a given UBI device.
612 * @ubi: UBI device description object
613 * @max_beb_per1024: maximum expected number of bad PEB per 1024 PEBs
615 * If @ubi->vid_hdr_offset or @ubi->leb_start is zero, default offsets are
617 * o EC header is always at offset zero - this cannot be changed;
618 * o VID header starts just after the EC header at the closest address
619 * aligned to @io->hdrs_min_io_size;
620 * o data starts just after the VID header at the closest address aligned to
623 * This function returns zero in case of success and a negative error code in
626 static int io_init(struct ubi_device *ubi, int max_beb_per1024)
628 dbg_gen("sizeof(struct ubi_ainf_peb) %zu", sizeof(struct ubi_ainf_peb));
629 dbg_gen("sizeof(struct ubi_wl_entry) %zu", sizeof(struct ubi_wl_entry));
631 if (ubi->mtd->numeraseregions != 0) {
633 * Some flashes have several erase regions. Different regions
634 * may have different eraseblock size and other
635 * characteristics. It looks like mostly multi-region flashes
636 * have one "main" region and one or more small regions to
637 * store boot loader code or boot parameters or whatever. I
638 * guess we should just pick the largest region. But this is
641 ubi_err(ubi, "multiple regions, not implemented");
645 if (ubi->vid_hdr_offset < 0)
649 * Note, in this implementation we support MTD devices with 0x7FFFFFFF
650 * physical eraseblocks maximum.
653 ubi->peb_size = ubi->mtd->erasesize;
654 ubi->peb_count = mtd_div_by_eb(ubi->mtd->size, ubi->mtd);
655 ubi->flash_size = ubi->mtd->size;
657 if (mtd_can_have_bb(ubi->mtd)) {
658 ubi->bad_allowed = 1;
659 ubi->bad_peb_limit = get_bad_peb_limit(ubi, max_beb_per1024);
662 if (ubi->mtd->type == MTD_NORFLASH) {
663 ubi_assert(ubi->mtd->writesize == 1);
667 ubi->min_io_size = ubi->mtd->writesize;
668 ubi->hdrs_min_io_size = ubi->mtd->writesize >> ubi->mtd->subpage_sft;
671 * Make sure minimal I/O unit is power of 2. Note, there is no
672 * fundamental reason for this assumption. It is just an optimization
673 * which allows us to avoid costly division operations.
675 if (!is_power_of_2(ubi->min_io_size)) {
676 ubi_err(ubi, "min. I/O unit (%d) is not power of 2",
681 ubi_assert(ubi->hdrs_min_io_size > 0);
682 ubi_assert(ubi->hdrs_min_io_size <= ubi->min_io_size);
683 ubi_assert(ubi->min_io_size % ubi->hdrs_min_io_size == 0);
685 ubi->max_write_size = ubi->mtd->writebufsize;
687 * Maximum write size has to be greater or equivalent to min. I/O
688 * size, and be multiple of min. I/O size.
690 if (ubi->max_write_size < ubi->min_io_size ||
691 ubi->max_write_size % ubi->min_io_size ||
692 !is_power_of_2(ubi->max_write_size)) {
693 ubi_err(ubi, "bad write buffer size %d for %d min. I/O unit",
694 ubi->max_write_size, ubi->min_io_size);
698 /* Calculate default aligned sizes of EC and VID headers */
699 ubi->ec_hdr_alsize = ALIGN(UBI_EC_HDR_SIZE, ubi->hdrs_min_io_size);
700 ubi->vid_hdr_alsize = ALIGN(UBI_VID_HDR_SIZE, ubi->hdrs_min_io_size);
702 dbg_gen("min_io_size %d", ubi->min_io_size);
703 dbg_gen("max_write_size %d", ubi->max_write_size);
704 dbg_gen("hdrs_min_io_size %d", ubi->hdrs_min_io_size);
705 dbg_gen("ec_hdr_alsize %d", ubi->ec_hdr_alsize);
706 dbg_gen("vid_hdr_alsize %d", ubi->vid_hdr_alsize);
708 if (ubi->vid_hdr_offset == 0)
710 ubi->vid_hdr_offset = ubi->vid_hdr_aloffset =
713 ubi->vid_hdr_aloffset = ubi->vid_hdr_offset &
714 ~(ubi->hdrs_min_io_size - 1);
715 ubi->vid_hdr_shift = ubi->vid_hdr_offset -
716 ubi->vid_hdr_aloffset;
719 /* Similar for the data offset */
720 ubi->leb_start = ubi->vid_hdr_offset + UBI_VID_HDR_SIZE;
721 ubi->leb_start = ALIGN(ubi->leb_start, ubi->min_io_size);
723 dbg_gen("vid_hdr_offset %d", ubi->vid_hdr_offset);
724 dbg_gen("vid_hdr_aloffset %d", ubi->vid_hdr_aloffset);
725 dbg_gen("vid_hdr_shift %d", ubi->vid_hdr_shift);
726 dbg_gen("leb_start %d", ubi->leb_start);
728 /* The shift must be aligned to 32-bit boundary */
729 if (ubi->vid_hdr_shift % 4) {
730 ubi_err(ubi, "unaligned VID header shift %d",
736 if (ubi->vid_hdr_offset < UBI_EC_HDR_SIZE ||
737 ubi->leb_start < ubi->vid_hdr_offset + UBI_VID_HDR_SIZE ||
738 ubi->leb_start > ubi->peb_size - UBI_VID_HDR_SIZE ||
739 ubi->leb_start & (ubi->min_io_size - 1)) {
740 ubi_err(ubi, "bad VID header (%d) or data offsets (%d)",
741 ubi->vid_hdr_offset, ubi->leb_start);
746 * Set maximum amount of physical erroneous eraseblocks to be 10%.
747 * Erroneous PEB are those which have read errors.
749 ubi->max_erroneous = ubi->peb_count / 10;
750 if (ubi->max_erroneous < 16)
751 ubi->max_erroneous = 16;
752 dbg_gen("max_erroneous %d", ubi->max_erroneous);
755 * It may happen that EC and VID headers are situated in one minimal
756 * I/O unit. In this case we can only accept this UBI image in
759 if (ubi->vid_hdr_offset + UBI_VID_HDR_SIZE <= ubi->hdrs_min_io_size) {
760 ubi_warn(ubi, "EC and VID headers are in the same minimal I/O unit, switch to read-only mode");
764 ubi->leb_size = ubi->peb_size - ubi->leb_start;
766 if (!(ubi->mtd->flags & MTD_WRITEABLE)) {
767 ubi_msg(ubi, "MTD device %d is write-protected, attach in read-only mode",
773 * Note, ideally, we have to initialize @ubi->bad_peb_count here. But
774 * unfortunately, MTD does not provide this information. We should loop
775 * over all physical eraseblocks and invoke mtd->block_is_bad() for
776 * each physical eraseblock. So, we leave @ubi->bad_peb_count
777 * uninitialized so far.
784 * autoresize - re-size the volume which has the "auto-resize" flag set.
785 * @ubi: UBI device description object
786 * @vol_id: ID of the volume to re-size
788 * This function re-sizes the volume marked by the %UBI_VTBL_AUTORESIZE_FLG in
789 * the volume table to the largest possible size. See comments in ubi-header.h
790 * for more description of the flag. Returns zero in case of success and a
791 * negative error code in case of failure.
793 static int autoresize(struct ubi_device *ubi, int vol_id)
795 struct ubi_volume_desc desc;
796 struct ubi_volume *vol = ubi->volumes[vol_id];
797 int err, old_reserved_pebs = vol->reserved_pebs;
800 ubi_warn(ubi, "skip auto-resize because of R/O mode");
805 * Clear the auto-resize flag in the volume in-memory copy of the
806 * volume table, and 'ubi_resize_volume()' will propagate this change
809 ubi->vtbl[vol_id].flags &= ~UBI_VTBL_AUTORESIZE_FLG;
811 if (ubi->avail_pebs == 0) {
812 struct ubi_vtbl_record vtbl_rec;
815 * No available PEBs to re-size the volume, clear the flag on
818 vtbl_rec = ubi->vtbl[vol_id];
819 err = ubi_change_vtbl_record(ubi, vol_id, &vtbl_rec);
821 ubi_err(ubi, "cannot clean auto-resize flag for volume %d",
825 err = ubi_resize_volume(&desc,
826 old_reserved_pebs + ubi->avail_pebs);
828 ubi_err(ubi, "cannot auto-resize volume %d",
835 ubi_msg(ubi, "volume %d (\"%s\") re-sized from %d to %d LEBs",
836 vol_id, vol->name, old_reserved_pebs, vol->reserved_pebs);
841 * ubi_attach_mtd_dev - attach an MTD device.
842 * @mtd: MTD device description object
843 * @ubi_num: number to assign to the new UBI device
844 * @vid_hdr_offset: VID header offset
845 * @max_beb_per1024: maximum expected number of bad PEB per 1024 PEBs
847 * This function attaches MTD device @mtd_dev to UBI and assign @ubi_num number
848 * to the newly created UBI device, unless @ubi_num is %UBI_DEV_NUM_AUTO, in
849 * which case this function finds a vacant device number and assigns it
850 * automatically. Returns the new UBI device number in case of success and a
851 * negative error code in case of failure.
853 * Note, the invocations of this function has to be serialized by the
854 * @ubi_devices_mutex.
856 int ubi_attach_mtd_dev(struct mtd_info *mtd, int ubi_num,
857 int vid_hdr_offset, int max_beb_per1024)
859 struct ubi_device *ubi;
862 if (max_beb_per1024 < 0 || max_beb_per1024 > MAX_MTD_UBI_BEB_LIMIT)
865 if (!max_beb_per1024)
866 max_beb_per1024 = CONFIG_MTD_UBI_BEB_LIMIT;
869 * Check if we already have the same MTD device attached.
871 * Note, this function assumes that UBI devices creations and deletions
872 * are serialized, so it does not take the &ubi_devices_lock.
874 for (i = 0; i < UBI_MAX_DEVICES; i++) {
875 ubi = ubi_devices[i];
876 if (ubi && mtd->index == ubi->mtd->index) {
877 pr_err("ubi: mtd%d is already attached to ubi%d",
884 * Make sure this MTD device is not emulated on top of an UBI volume
885 * already. Well, generally this recursion works fine, but there are
886 * different problems like the UBI module takes a reference to itself
887 * by attaching (and thus, opening) the emulated MTD device. This
888 * results in inability to unload the module. And in general it makes
889 * no sense to attach emulated MTD devices, so we prohibit this.
891 if (mtd->type == MTD_UBIVOLUME) {
892 pr_err("ubi: refuse attaching mtd%d - it is already emulated on top of UBI",
898 * Both UBI and UBIFS have been designed for SLC NAND and NOR flashes.
899 * MLC NAND is different and needs special care, otherwise UBI or UBIFS
900 * will die soon and you will lose all your data.
902 if (mtd->type == MTD_MLCNANDFLASH) {
903 pr_err("ubi: refuse attaching mtd%d - MLC NAND is not supported\n",
908 if (ubi_num == UBI_DEV_NUM_AUTO) {
909 /* Search for an empty slot in the @ubi_devices array */
910 for (ubi_num = 0; ubi_num < UBI_MAX_DEVICES; ubi_num++)
911 if (!ubi_devices[ubi_num])
913 if (ubi_num == UBI_MAX_DEVICES) {
914 pr_err("ubi: only %d UBI devices may be created",
919 if (ubi_num >= UBI_MAX_DEVICES)
922 /* Make sure ubi_num is not busy */
923 if (ubi_devices[ubi_num]) {
924 pr_err("ubi: ubi%i already exists", ubi_num);
929 ubi = kzalloc(sizeof(struct ubi_device), GFP_KERNEL);
934 ubi->ubi_num = ubi_num;
935 ubi->vid_hdr_offset = vid_hdr_offset;
936 ubi->autoresize_vol_id = -1;
938 #ifdef CONFIG_MTD_UBI_FASTMAP
939 ubi->fm_pool.used = ubi->fm_pool.size = 0;
940 ubi->fm_wl_pool.used = ubi->fm_wl_pool.size = 0;
943 * fm_pool.max_size is 5% of the total number of PEBs but it's also
944 * between UBI_FM_MAX_POOL_SIZE and UBI_FM_MIN_POOL_SIZE.
946 ubi->fm_pool.max_size = min(((int)mtd_div_by_eb(ubi->mtd->size,
947 ubi->mtd) / 100) * 5, UBI_FM_MAX_POOL_SIZE);
948 ubi->fm_pool.max_size = max(ubi->fm_pool.max_size,
949 UBI_FM_MIN_POOL_SIZE);
951 ubi->fm_wl_pool.max_size = ubi->fm_pool.max_size / 2;
952 ubi->fm_disabled = !fm_autoconvert;
954 ubi_enable_dbg_chk_fastmap(ubi);
956 if (!ubi->fm_disabled && (int)mtd_div_by_eb(ubi->mtd->size, ubi->mtd)
957 <= UBI_FM_MAX_START) {
958 ubi_err(ubi, "More than %i PEBs are needed for fastmap, sorry.",
960 ubi->fm_disabled = 1;
963 ubi_msg(ubi, "default fastmap pool size: %d", ubi->fm_pool.max_size);
964 ubi_msg(ubi, "default fastmap WL pool size: %d",
965 ubi->fm_wl_pool.max_size);
967 ubi->fm_disabled = 1;
969 mutex_init(&ubi->buf_mutex);
970 mutex_init(&ubi->ckvol_mutex);
971 mutex_init(&ubi->device_mutex);
972 spin_lock_init(&ubi->volumes_lock);
973 init_rwsem(&ubi->fm_protect);
974 init_rwsem(&ubi->fm_eba_sem);
976 ubi_msg(ubi, "attaching mtd%d", mtd->index);
978 err = io_init(ubi, max_beb_per1024);
983 ubi->peb_buf = vmalloc(ubi->peb_size);
987 #ifdef CONFIG_MTD_UBI_FASTMAP
988 ubi->fm_size = ubi_calc_fm_size(ubi);
989 ubi->fm_buf = vzalloc(ubi->fm_size);
993 err = ubi_attach(ubi, 0);
995 ubi_err(ubi, "failed to attach mtd%d, error %d",
1000 if (ubi->autoresize_vol_id != -1) {
1001 err = autoresize(ubi, ubi->autoresize_vol_id);
1006 /* Make device "available" before it becomes accessible via sysfs */
1007 ubi_devices[ubi_num] = ubi;
1009 err = uif_init(ubi, &ref);
1013 err = ubi_debugfs_init_dev(ubi);
1017 ubi->bgt_thread = kthread_create(ubi_thread, ubi, "%s", ubi->bgt_name);
1018 if (IS_ERR(ubi->bgt_thread)) {
1019 err = PTR_ERR(ubi->bgt_thread);
1020 ubi_err(ubi, "cannot spawn \"%s\", error %d",
1021 ubi->bgt_name, err);
1025 ubi_msg(ubi, "attached mtd%d (name \"%s\", size %llu MiB)",
1026 mtd->index, mtd->name, ubi->flash_size >> 20);
1027 ubi_msg(ubi, "PEB size: %d bytes (%d KiB), LEB size: %d bytes",
1028 ubi->peb_size, ubi->peb_size >> 10, ubi->leb_size);
1029 ubi_msg(ubi, "min./max. I/O unit sizes: %d/%d, sub-page size %d",
1030 ubi->min_io_size, ubi->max_write_size, ubi->hdrs_min_io_size);
1031 ubi_msg(ubi, "VID header offset: %d (aligned %d), data offset: %d",
1032 ubi->vid_hdr_offset, ubi->vid_hdr_aloffset, ubi->leb_start);
1033 ubi_msg(ubi, "good PEBs: %d, bad PEBs: %d, corrupted PEBs: %d",
1034 ubi->good_peb_count, ubi->bad_peb_count, ubi->corr_peb_count);
1035 ubi_msg(ubi, "user volume: %d, internal volumes: %d, max. volumes count: %d",
1036 ubi->vol_count - UBI_INT_VOL_COUNT, UBI_INT_VOL_COUNT,
1038 ubi_msg(ubi, "max/mean erase counter: %d/%d, WL threshold: %d, image sequence number: %u",
1039 ubi->max_ec, ubi->mean_ec, CONFIG_MTD_UBI_WL_THRESHOLD,
1041 ubi_msg(ubi, "available PEBs: %d, total reserved PEBs: %d, PEBs reserved for bad PEB handling: %d",
1042 ubi->avail_pebs, ubi->rsvd_pebs, ubi->beb_rsvd_pebs);
1045 * The below lock makes sure we do not race with 'ubi_thread()' which
1046 * checks @ubi->thread_enabled. Otherwise we may fail to wake it up.
1048 spin_lock(&ubi->wl_lock);
1049 ubi->thread_enabled = 1;
1050 wake_up_process(ubi->bgt_thread);
1051 spin_unlock(&ubi->wl_lock);
1053 ubi_notify_all(ubi, UBI_VOLUME_ADDED, NULL);
1057 ubi_debugfs_exit_dev(ubi);
1059 get_device(&ubi->dev);
1063 ubi_devices[ubi_num] = NULL;
1065 ubi_free_internal_volumes(ubi);
1068 vfree(ubi->peb_buf);
1071 put_device(&ubi->dev);
1078 * ubi_detach_mtd_dev - detach an MTD device.
1079 * @ubi_num: UBI device number to detach from
1080 * @anyway: detach MTD even if device reference count is not zero
1082 * This function destroys an UBI device number @ubi_num and detaches the
1083 * underlying MTD device. Returns zero in case of success and %-EBUSY if the
1084 * UBI device is busy and cannot be destroyed, and %-EINVAL if it does not
1087 * Note, the invocations of this function has to be serialized by the
1088 * @ubi_devices_mutex.
1090 int ubi_detach_mtd_dev(int ubi_num, int anyway)
1092 struct ubi_device *ubi;
1094 if (ubi_num < 0 || ubi_num >= UBI_MAX_DEVICES)
1097 ubi = ubi_get_device(ubi_num);
1101 spin_lock(&ubi_devices_lock);
1102 put_device(&ubi->dev);
1103 ubi->ref_count -= 1;
1104 if (ubi->ref_count) {
1106 spin_unlock(&ubi_devices_lock);
1109 /* This may only happen if there is a bug */
1110 ubi_err(ubi, "%s reference count %d, destroy anyway",
1111 ubi->ubi_name, ubi->ref_count);
1113 ubi_devices[ubi_num] = NULL;
1114 spin_unlock(&ubi_devices_lock);
1116 ubi_assert(ubi_num == ubi->ubi_num);
1117 ubi_notify_all(ubi, UBI_VOLUME_REMOVED, NULL);
1118 ubi_msg(ubi, "detaching mtd%d", ubi->mtd->index);
1119 #ifdef CONFIG_MTD_UBI_FASTMAP
1120 /* If we don't write a new fastmap at detach time we lose all
1121 * EC updates that have been made since the last written fastmap.
1122 * In case of fastmap debugging we omit the update to simulate an
1123 * unclean shutdown. */
1124 if (!ubi_dbg_chk_fastmap(ubi))
1125 ubi_update_fastmap(ubi);
1128 * Before freeing anything, we have to stop the background thread to
1129 * prevent it from doing anything on this device while we are freeing.
1131 if (ubi->bgt_thread)
1132 kthread_stop(ubi->bgt_thread);
1135 * Get a reference to the device in order to prevent 'dev_release()'
1136 * from freeing the @ubi object.
1138 get_device(&ubi->dev);
1140 #ifdef CONFIG_MTD_UBI_FASTMAP
1141 cancel_work_sync(&ubi->fm_work);
1143 ubi_debugfs_exit_dev(ubi);
1147 ubi_free_internal_volumes(ubi);
1149 vfree(ubi->peb_buf);
1151 ubi_msg(ubi, "mtd%d is detached", ubi->mtd->index);
1152 put_mtd_device(ubi->mtd);
1153 put_device(&ubi->dev);
1158 * open_mtd_by_chdev - open an MTD device by its character device node path.
1159 * @mtd_dev: MTD character device node path
1161 * This helper function opens an MTD device by its character node device path.
1162 * Returns MTD device description object in case of success and a negative
1163 * error code in case of failure.
1165 static struct mtd_info * __init open_mtd_by_chdev(const char *mtd_dev)
1171 /* Probably this is an MTD character device node path */
1172 err = kern_path(mtd_dev, LOOKUP_FOLLOW, &path);
1174 return ERR_PTR(err);
1176 err = vfs_getattr(&path, &stat);
1179 return ERR_PTR(err);
1181 /* MTD device number is defined by the major / minor numbers */
1182 if (MAJOR(stat.rdev) != MTD_CHAR_MAJOR || !S_ISCHR(stat.mode))
1183 return ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
1185 minor = MINOR(stat.rdev);
1189 * Just do not think the "/dev/mtdrX" devices support is need,
1190 * so do not support them to avoid doing extra work.
1192 return ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
1194 return get_mtd_device(NULL, minor / 2);
1198 * open_mtd_device - open MTD device by name, character device path, or number.
1199 * @mtd_dev: name, character device node path, or MTD device device number
1201 * This function tries to open and MTD device described by @mtd_dev string,
1202 * which is first treated as ASCII MTD device number, and if it is not true, it
1203 * is treated as MTD device name, and if that is also not true, it is treated
1204 * as MTD character device node path. Returns MTD device description object in
1205 * case of success and a negative error code in case of failure.
1207 static struct mtd_info * __init open_mtd_device(const char *mtd_dev)
1209 struct mtd_info *mtd;
1213 mtd_num = simple_strtoul(mtd_dev, &endp, 0);
1214 if (*endp != '\0' || mtd_dev == endp) {
1216 * This does not look like an ASCII integer, probably this is
1219 mtd = get_mtd_device_nm(mtd_dev);
1220 if (IS_ERR(mtd) && PTR_ERR(mtd) == -ENODEV)
1221 /* Probably this is an MTD character device node path */
1222 mtd = open_mtd_by_chdev(mtd_dev);
1224 mtd = get_mtd_device(NULL, mtd_num);
1229 static int __init ubi_init(void)
1233 /* Ensure that EC and VID headers have correct size */
1234 BUILD_BUG_ON(sizeof(struct ubi_ec_hdr) != 64);
1235 BUILD_BUG_ON(sizeof(struct ubi_vid_hdr) != 64);
1237 if (mtd_devs > UBI_MAX_DEVICES) {
1238 pr_err("UBI error: too many MTD devices, maximum is %d",
1243 /* Create base sysfs directory and sysfs files */
1244 err = class_register(&ubi_class);
1248 err = misc_register(&ubi_ctrl_cdev);
1250 pr_err("UBI error: cannot register device");
1254 ubi_wl_entry_slab = kmem_cache_create("ubi_wl_entry_slab",
1255 sizeof(struct ubi_wl_entry),
1257 if (!ubi_wl_entry_slab) {
1262 err = ubi_debugfs_init();
1267 /* Attach MTD devices */
1268 for (i = 0; i < mtd_devs; i++) {
1269 struct mtd_dev_param *p = &mtd_dev_param[i];
1270 struct mtd_info *mtd;
1274 mtd = open_mtd_device(p->name);
1277 pr_err("UBI error: cannot open mtd %s, error %d",
1279 /* See comment below re-ubi_is_module(). */
1280 if (ubi_is_module())
1285 mutex_lock(&ubi_devices_mutex);
1286 err = ubi_attach_mtd_dev(mtd, p->ubi_num,
1287 p->vid_hdr_offs, p->max_beb_per1024);
1288 mutex_unlock(&ubi_devices_mutex);
1290 pr_err("UBI error: cannot attach mtd%d",
1292 put_mtd_device(mtd);
1295 * Originally UBI stopped initializing on any error.
1296 * However, later on it was found out that this
1297 * behavior is not very good when UBI is compiled into
1298 * the kernel and the MTD devices to attach are passed
1299 * through the command line. Indeed, UBI failure
1300 * stopped whole boot sequence.
1302 * To fix this, we changed the behavior for the
1303 * non-module case, but preserved the old behavior for
1304 * the module case, just for compatibility. This is a
1305 * little inconsistent, though.
1307 if (ubi_is_module())
1312 err = ubiblock_init();
1314 pr_err("UBI error: block: cannot initialize, error %d", err);
1316 /* See comment above re-ubi_is_module(). */
1317 if (ubi_is_module())
1324 for (k = 0; k < i; k++)
1325 if (ubi_devices[k]) {
1326 mutex_lock(&ubi_devices_mutex);
1327 ubi_detach_mtd_dev(ubi_devices[k]->ubi_num, 1);
1328 mutex_unlock(&ubi_devices_mutex);
1332 kmem_cache_destroy(ubi_wl_entry_slab);
1334 misc_deregister(&ubi_ctrl_cdev);
1336 class_unregister(&ubi_class);
1337 pr_err("UBI error: cannot initialize UBI, error %d", err);
1340 late_initcall(ubi_init);
1342 static void __exit ubi_exit(void)
1348 for (i = 0; i < UBI_MAX_DEVICES; i++)
1349 if (ubi_devices[i]) {
1350 mutex_lock(&ubi_devices_mutex);
1351 ubi_detach_mtd_dev(ubi_devices[i]->ubi_num, 1);
1352 mutex_unlock(&ubi_devices_mutex);
1355 kmem_cache_destroy(ubi_wl_entry_slab);
1356 misc_deregister(&ubi_ctrl_cdev);
1357 class_unregister(&ubi_class);
1359 module_exit(ubi_exit);
1362 * bytes_str_to_int - convert a number of bytes string into an integer.
1363 * @str: the string to convert
1365 * This function returns positive resulting integer in case of success and a
1366 * negative error code in case of failure.
1368 static int __init bytes_str_to_int(const char *str)
1371 unsigned long result;
1373 result = simple_strtoul(str, &endp, 0);
1374 if (str == endp || result >= INT_MAX) {
1375 pr_err("UBI error: incorrect bytes count: \"%s\"\n", str);
1386 if (endp[1] == 'i' && endp[2] == 'B')
1391 pr_err("UBI error: incorrect bytes count: \"%s\"\n", str);
1399 * ubi_mtd_param_parse - parse the 'mtd=' UBI parameter.
1400 * @val: the parameter value to parse
1403 * This function returns zero in case of success and a negative error code in
1406 static int __init ubi_mtd_param_parse(const char *val, struct kernel_param *kp)
1409 struct mtd_dev_param *p;
1410 char buf[MTD_PARAM_LEN_MAX];
1411 char *pbuf = &buf[0];
1412 char *tokens[MTD_PARAM_MAX_COUNT], *token;
1417 if (mtd_devs == UBI_MAX_DEVICES) {
1418 pr_err("UBI error: too many parameters, max. is %d\n",
1423 len = strnlen(val, MTD_PARAM_LEN_MAX);
1424 if (len == MTD_PARAM_LEN_MAX) {
1425 pr_err("UBI error: parameter \"%s\" is too long, max. is %d\n",
1426 val, MTD_PARAM_LEN_MAX);
1431 pr_warn("UBI warning: empty 'mtd=' parameter - ignored\n");
1437 /* Get rid of the final newline */
1438 if (buf[len - 1] == '\n')
1439 buf[len - 1] = '\0';
1441 for (i = 0; i < MTD_PARAM_MAX_COUNT; i++)
1442 tokens[i] = strsep(&pbuf, ",");
1445 pr_err("UBI error: too many arguments at \"%s\"\n", val);
1449 p = &mtd_dev_param[mtd_devs];
1450 strcpy(&p->name[0], tokens[0]);
1454 p->vid_hdr_offs = bytes_str_to_int(token);
1456 if (p->vid_hdr_offs < 0)
1457 return p->vid_hdr_offs;
1462 int err = kstrtoint(token, 10, &p->max_beb_per1024);
1465 pr_err("UBI error: bad value for max_beb_per1024 parameter: %s",
1473 int err = kstrtoint(token, 10, &p->ubi_num);
1476 pr_err("UBI error: bad value for ubi_num parameter: %s",
1481 p->ubi_num = UBI_DEV_NUM_AUTO;
1487 module_param_call(mtd, ubi_mtd_param_parse, NULL, NULL, 000);
1488 MODULE_PARM_DESC(mtd, "MTD devices to attach. Parameter format: mtd=<name|num|path>[,<vid_hdr_offs>[,max_beb_per1024[,ubi_num]]].\n"
1489 "Multiple \"mtd\" parameters may be specified.\n"
1490 "MTD devices may be specified by their number, name, or path to the MTD character device node.\n"
1491 "Optional \"vid_hdr_offs\" parameter specifies UBI VID header position to be used by UBI. (default value if 0)\n"
1492 "Optional \"max_beb_per1024\" parameter specifies the maximum expected bad eraseblock per 1024 eraseblocks. (default value ("
1493 __stringify(CONFIG_MTD_UBI_BEB_LIMIT) ") if 0)\n"
1494 "Optional \"ubi_num\" parameter specifies UBI device number which have to be assigned to the newly created UBI device (assigned automatically by default)\n"
1496 "Example 1: mtd=/dev/mtd0 - attach MTD device /dev/mtd0.\n"
1497 "Example 2: mtd=content,1984 mtd=4 - attach MTD device with name \"content\" using VID header offset 1984, and MTD device number 4 with default VID header offset.\n"
1498 "Example 3: mtd=/dev/mtd1,0,25 - attach MTD device /dev/mtd1 using default VID header offset and reserve 25*nand_size_in_blocks/1024 erase blocks for bad block handling.\n"
1499 "Example 4: mtd=/dev/mtd1,0,0,5 - attach MTD device /dev/mtd1 to UBI 5 and using default values for the other fields.\n"
1500 "\t(e.g. if the NAND *chipset* has 4096 PEB, 100 will be reserved for this UBI device).");
1501 #ifdef CONFIG_MTD_UBI_FASTMAP
1502 module_param(fm_autoconvert, bool, 0644);
1503 MODULE_PARM_DESC(fm_autoconvert, "Set this parameter to enable fastmap automatically on images without a fastmap.");
1504 module_param(fm_debug, bool, 0);
1505 MODULE_PARM_DESC(fm_debug, "Set this parameter to enable fastmap debugging by default. Warning, this will make fastmap slow!");
1507 MODULE_VERSION(__stringify(UBI_VERSION));
1508 MODULE_DESCRIPTION("UBI - Unsorted Block Images");
1509 MODULE_AUTHOR("Artem Bityutskiy");
1510 MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");