2 * Copyright (c) International Business Machines Corp., 2006
3 * Copyright (c) Nokia Corporation, 2007
5 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
6 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
7 * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
8 * (at your option) any later version.
10 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
11 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
12 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See
13 * the GNU General Public License for more details.
15 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
16 * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
17 * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
19 * Author: Artem Bityutskiy (Битюцкий Артём),
24 * This file includes UBI initialization and building of UBI devices.
26 * When UBI is initialized, it attaches all the MTD devices specified as the
27 * module load parameters or the kernel boot parameters. If MTD devices were
28 * specified, UBI does not attach any MTD device, but it is possible to do
29 * later using the "UBI control device".
32 #include <linux/err.h>
33 #include <linux/module.h>
34 #include <linux/moduleparam.h>
35 #include <linux/stringify.h>
36 #include <linux/namei.h>
37 #include <linux/stat.h>
38 #include <linux/miscdevice.h>
39 #include <linux/mtd/partitions.h>
40 #include <linux/log2.h>
41 #include <linux/kthread.h>
42 #include <linux/kernel.h>
43 #include <linux/slab.h>
44 #include <linux/major.h>
47 /* Maximum length of the 'mtd=' parameter */
48 #define MTD_PARAM_LEN_MAX 64
50 /* Maximum number of comma-separated items in the 'mtd=' parameter */
51 #define MTD_PARAM_MAX_COUNT 4
53 /* Maximum value for the number of bad PEBs per 1024 PEBs */
54 #define MAX_MTD_UBI_BEB_LIMIT 768
56 #ifdef CONFIG_MTD_UBI_MODULE
57 #define ubi_is_module() 1
59 #define ubi_is_module() 0
63 * struct mtd_dev_param - MTD device parameter description data structure.
64 * @name: MTD character device node path, MTD device name, or MTD device number
66 * @vid_hdr_offs: VID header offset
67 * @max_beb_per1024: maximum expected number of bad PEBs per 1024 PEBs
69 struct mtd_dev_param {
70 char name[MTD_PARAM_LEN_MAX];
76 /* Numbers of elements set in the @mtd_dev_param array */
79 /* MTD devices specification parameters */
80 static struct mtd_dev_param mtd_dev_param[UBI_MAX_DEVICES];
81 #ifdef CONFIG_MTD_UBI_FASTMAP
82 /* UBI module parameter to enable fastmap automatically on non-fastmap images */
83 static bool fm_autoconvert;
87 /* Slab cache for wear-leveling entries */
88 struct kmem_cache *ubi_wl_entry_slab;
90 /* UBI control character device */
91 static struct miscdevice ubi_ctrl_cdev = {
92 .minor = MISC_DYNAMIC_MINOR,
94 .fops = &ubi_ctrl_cdev_operations,
97 /* All UBI devices in system */
98 static struct ubi_device *ubi_devices[UBI_MAX_DEVICES];
100 /* Serializes UBI devices creations and removals */
101 DEFINE_MUTEX(ubi_devices_mutex);
103 /* Protects @ubi_devices and @ubi->ref_count */
104 static DEFINE_SPINLOCK(ubi_devices_lock);
106 /* "Show" method for files in '/<sysfs>/class/ubi/' */
107 /* UBI version attribute ('/<sysfs>/class/ubi/version') */
108 static ssize_t version_show(struct class *class, struct class_attribute *attr,
111 return sprintf(buf, "%d\n", UBI_VERSION);
113 static CLASS_ATTR_RO(version);
115 static struct attribute *ubi_class_attrs[] = {
116 &class_attr_version.attr,
119 ATTRIBUTE_GROUPS(ubi_class);
121 /* Root UBI "class" object (corresponds to '/<sysfs>/class/ubi/') */
122 struct class ubi_class = {
123 .name = UBI_NAME_STR,
124 .owner = THIS_MODULE,
125 .class_groups = ubi_class_groups,
128 static ssize_t dev_attribute_show(struct device *dev,
129 struct device_attribute *attr, char *buf);
131 /* UBI device attributes (correspond to files in '/<sysfs>/class/ubi/ubiX') */
132 static struct device_attribute dev_eraseblock_size =
133 __ATTR(eraseblock_size, S_IRUGO, dev_attribute_show, NULL);
134 static struct device_attribute dev_avail_eraseblocks =
135 __ATTR(avail_eraseblocks, S_IRUGO, dev_attribute_show, NULL);
136 static struct device_attribute dev_total_eraseblocks =
137 __ATTR(total_eraseblocks, S_IRUGO, dev_attribute_show, NULL);
138 static struct device_attribute dev_volumes_count =
139 __ATTR(volumes_count, S_IRUGO, dev_attribute_show, NULL);
140 static struct device_attribute dev_max_ec =
141 __ATTR(max_ec, S_IRUGO, dev_attribute_show, NULL);
142 static struct device_attribute dev_reserved_for_bad =
143 __ATTR(reserved_for_bad, S_IRUGO, dev_attribute_show, NULL);
144 static struct device_attribute dev_bad_peb_count =
145 __ATTR(bad_peb_count, S_IRUGO, dev_attribute_show, NULL);
146 static struct device_attribute dev_max_vol_count =
147 __ATTR(max_vol_count, S_IRUGO, dev_attribute_show, NULL);
148 static struct device_attribute dev_min_io_size =
149 __ATTR(min_io_size, S_IRUGO, dev_attribute_show, NULL);
150 static struct device_attribute dev_bgt_enabled =
151 __ATTR(bgt_enabled, S_IRUGO, dev_attribute_show, NULL);
152 static struct device_attribute dev_mtd_num =
153 __ATTR(mtd_num, S_IRUGO, dev_attribute_show, NULL);
154 static struct device_attribute dev_ro_mode =
155 __ATTR(ro_mode, S_IRUGO, dev_attribute_show, NULL);
158 * ubi_volume_notify - send a volume change notification.
159 * @ubi: UBI device description object
160 * @vol: volume description object of the changed volume
161 * @ntype: notification type to send (%UBI_VOLUME_ADDED, etc)
163 * This is a helper function which notifies all subscribers about a volume
164 * change event (creation, removal, re-sizing, re-naming, updating). Returns
165 * zero in case of success and a negative error code in case of failure.
167 int ubi_volume_notify(struct ubi_device *ubi, struct ubi_volume *vol, int ntype)
170 struct ubi_notification nt;
172 ubi_do_get_device_info(ubi, &nt.di);
173 ubi_do_get_volume_info(ubi, vol, &nt.vi);
176 case UBI_VOLUME_ADDED:
177 case UBI_VOLUME_REMOVED:
178 case UBI_VOLUME_RESIZED:
179 case UBI_VOLUME_RENAMED:
180 ret = ubi_update_fastmap(ubi);
182 ubi_msg(ubi, "Unable to write a new fastmap: %i", ret);
185 return blocking_notifier_call_chain(&ubi_notifiers, ntype, &nt);
189 * ubi_notify_all - send a notification to all volumes.
190 * @ubi: UBI device description object
191 * @ntype: notification type to send (%UBI_VOLUME_ADDED, etc)
192 * @nb: the notifier to call
194 * This function walks all volumes of UBI device @ubi and sends the @ntype
195 * notification for each volume. If @nb is %NULL, then all registered notifiers
196 * are called, otherwise only the @nb notifier is called. Returns the number of
197 * sent notifications.
199 int ubi_notify_all(struct ubi_device *ubi, int ntype, struct notifier_block *nb)
201 struct ubi_notification nt;
204 ubi_do_get_device_info(ubi, &nt.di);
206 mutex_lock(&ubi->device_mutex);
207 for (i = 0; i < ubi->vtbl_slots; i++) {
209 * Since the @ubi->device is locked, and we are not going to
210 * change @ubi->volumes, we do not have to lock
211 * @ubi->volumes_lock.
213 if (!ubi->volumes[i])
216 ubi_do_get_volume_info(ubi, ubi->volumes[i], &nt.vi);
218 nb->notifier_call(nb, ntype, &nt);
220 blocking_notifier_call_chain(&ubi_notifiers, ntype,
224 mutex_unlock(&ubi->device_mutex);
230 * ubi_enumerate_volumes - send "add" notification for all existing volumes.
231 * @nb: the notifier to call
233 * This function walks all UBI devices and volumes and sends the
234 * %UBI_VOLUME_ADDED notification for each volume. If @nb is %NULL, then all
235 * registered notifiers are called, otherwise only the @nb notifier is called.
236 * Returns the number of sent notifications.
238 int ubi_enumerate_volumes(struct notifier_block *nb)
243 * Since the @ubi_devices_mutex is locked, and we are not going to
244 * change @ubi_devices, we do not have to lock @ubi_devices_lock.
246 for (i = 0; i < UBI_MAX_DEVICES; i++) {
247 struct ubi_device *ubi = ubi_devices[i];
251 count += ubi_notify_all(ubi, UBI_VOLUME_ADDED, nb);
258 * ubi_get_device - get UBI device.
259 * @ubi_num: UBI device number
261 * This function returns UBI device description object for UBI device number
262 * @ubi_num, or %NULL if the device does not exist. This function increases the
263 * device reference count to prevent removal of the device. In other words, the
264 * device cannot be removed if its reference count is not zero.
266 struct ubi_device *ubi_get_device(int ubi_num)
268 struct ubi_device *ubi;
270 spin_lock(&ubi_devices_lock);
271 ubi = ubi_devices[ubi_num];
273 ubi_assert(ubi->ref_count >= 0);
275 get_device(&ubi->dev);
277 spin_unlock(&ubi_devices_lock);
283 * ubi_put_device - drop an UBI device reference.
284 * @ubi: UBI device description object
286 void ubi_put_device(struct ubi_device *ubi)
288 spin_lock(&ubi_devices_lock);
290 put_device(&ubi->dev);
291 spin_unlock(&ubi_devices_lock);
295 * ubi_get_by_major - get UBI device by character device major number.
296 * @major: major number
298 * This function is similar to 'ubi_get_device()', but it searches the device
299 * by its major number.
301 struct ubi_device *ubi_get_by_major(int major)
304 struct ubi_device *ubi;
306 spin_lock(&ubi_devices_lock);
307 for (i = 0; i < UBI_MAX_DEVICES; i++) {
308 ubi = ubi_devices[i];
309 if (ubi && MAJOR(ubi->cdev.dev) == major) {
310 ubi_assert(ubi->ref_count >= 0);
312 get_device(&ubi->dev);
313 spin_unlock(&ubi_devices_lock);
317 spin_unlock(&ubi_devices_lock);
323 * ubi_major2num - get UBI device number by character device major number.
324 * @major: major number
326 * This function searches UBI device number object by its major number. If UBI
327 * device was not found, this function returns -ENODEV, otherwise the UBI device
328 * number is returned.
330 int ubi_major2num(int major)
332 int i, ubi_num = -ENODEV;
334 spin_lock(&ubi_devices_lock);
335 for (i = 0; i < UBI_MAX_DEVICES; i++) {
336 struct ubi_device *ubi = ubi_devices[i];
338 if (ubi && MAJOR(ubi->cdev.dev) == major) {
339 ubi_num = ubi->ubi_num;
343 spin_unlock(&ubi_devices_lock);
348 /* "Show" method for files in '/<sysfs>/class/ubi/ubiX/' */
349 static ssize_t dev_attribute_show(struct device *dev,
350 struct device_attribute *attr, char *buf)
353 struct ubi_device *ubi;
356 * The below code looks weird, but it actually makes sense. We get the
357 * UBI device reference from the contained 'struct ubi_device'. But it
358 * is unclear if the device was removed or not yet. Indeed, if the
359 * device was removed before we increased its reference count,
360 * 'ubi_get_device()' will return -ENODEV and we fail.
362 * Remember, 'struct ubi_device' is freed in the release function, so
363 * we still can use 'ubi->ubi_num'.
365 ubi = container_of(dev, struct ubi_device, dev);
367 if (attr == &dev_eraseblock_size)
368 ret = sprintf(buf, "%d\n", ubi->leb_size);
369 else if (attr == &dev_avail_eraseblocks)
370 ret = sprintf(buf, "%d\n", ubi->avail_pebs);
371 else if (attr == &dev_total_eraseblocks)
372 ret = sprintf(buf, "%d\n", ubi->good_peb_count);
373 else if (attr == &dev_volumes_count)
374 ret = sprintf(buf, "%d\n", ubi->vol_count - UBI_INT_VOL_COUNT);
375 else if (attr == &dev_max_ec)
376 ret = sprintf(buf, "%d\n", ubi->max_ec);
377 else if (attr == &dev_reserved_for_bad)
378 ret = sprintf(buf, "%d\n", ubi->beb_rsvd_pebs);
379 else if (attr == &dev_bad_peb_count)
380 ret = sprintf(buf, "%d\n", ubi->bad_peb_count);
381 else if (attr == &dev_max_vol_count)
382 ret = sprintf(buf, "%d\n", ubi->vtbl_slots);
383 else if (attr == &dev_min_io_size)
384 ret = sprintf(buf, "%d\n", ubi->min_io_size);
385 else if (attr == &dev_bgt_enabled)
386 ret = sprintf(buf, "%d\n", ubi->thread_enabled);
387 else if (attr == &dev_mtd_num)
388 ret = sprintf(buf, "%d\n", ubi->mtd->index);
389 else if (attr == &dev_ro_mode)
390 ret = sprintf(buf, "%d\n", ubi->ro_mode);
397 static struct attribute *ubi_dev_attrs[] = {
398 &dev_eraseblock_size.attr,
399 &dev_avail_eraseblocks.attr,
400 &dev_total_eraseblocks.attr,
401 &dev_volumes_count.attr,
403 &dev_reserved_for_bad.attr,
404 &dev_bad_peb_count.attr,
405 &dev_max_vol_count.attr,
406 &dev_min_io_size.attr,
407 &dev_bgt_enabled.attr,
412 ATTRIBUTE_GROUPS(ubi_dev);
414 static void dev_release(struct device *dev)
416 struct ubi_device *ubi = container_of(dev, struct ubi_device, dev);
422 * kill_volumes - destroy all user volumes.
423 * @ubi: UBI device description object
425 static void kill_volumes(struct ubi_device *ubi)
429 for (i = 0; i < ubi->vtbl_slots; i++)
431 ubi_free_volume(ubi, ubi->volumes[i]);
435 * uif_init - initialize user interfaces for an UBI device.
436 * @ubi: UBI device description object
438 * This function initializes various user interfaces for an UBI device. If the
439 * initialization fails at an early stage, this function frees all the
440 * resources it allocated, returns an error.
442 * This function returns zero in case of success and a negative error code in
445 static int uif_init(struct ubi_device *ubi)
450 sprintf(ubi->ubi_name, UBI_NAME_STR "%d", ubi->ubi_num);
453 * Major numbers for the UBI character devices are allocated
454 * dynamically. Major numbers of volume character devices are
455 * equivalent to ones of the corresponding UBI character device. Minor
456 * numbers of UBI character devices are 0, while minor numbers of
457 * volume character devices start from 1. Thus, we allocate one major
458 * number and ubi->vtbl_slots + 1 minor numbers.
460 err = alloc_chrdev_region(&dev, 0, ubi->vtbl_slots + 1, ubi->ubi_name);
462 ubi_err(ubi, "cannot register UBI character devices");
468 ubi_assert(MINOR(dev) == 0);
469 cdev_init(&ubi->cdev, &ubi_cdev_operations);
470 dbg_gen("%s major is %u", ubi->ubi_name, MAJOR(dev));
471 ubi->cdev.owner = THIS_MODULE;
473 dev_set_name(&ubi->dev, UBI_NAME_STR "%d", ubi->ubi_num);
474 err = cdev_device_add(&ubi->cdev, &ubi->dev);
478 for (i = 0; i < ubi->vtbl_slots; i++)
479 if (ubi->volumes[i]) {
480 err = ubi_add_volume(ubi, ubi->volumes[i]);
482 ubi_err(ubi, "cannot add volume %d", i);
491 cdev_device_del(&ubi->cdev, &ubi->dev);
493 unregister_chrdev_region(ubi->cdev.dev, ubi->vtbl_slots + 1);
494 ubi_err(ubi, "cannot initialize UBI %s, error %d",
500 * uif_close - close user interfaces for an UBI device.
501 * @ubi: UBI device description object
503 * Note, since this function un-registers UBI volume device objects (@vol->dev),
504 * the memory allocated voe the volumes is freed as well (in the release
507 static void uif_close(struct ubi_device *ubi)
510 cdev_device_del(&ubi->cdev, &ubi->dev);
511 unregister_chrdev_region(ubi->cdev.dev, ubi->vtbl_slots + 1);
515 * ubi_free_internal_volumes - free internal volumes.
516 * @ubi: UBI device description object
518 void ubi_free_internal_volumes(struct ubi_device *ubi)
522 for (i = ubi->vtbl_slots;
523 i < ubi->vtbl_slots + UBI_INT_VOL_COUNT; i++) {
524 ubi_eba_replace_table(ubi->volumes[i], NULL);
525 ubi_fastmap_destroy_checkmap(ubi->volumes[i]);
526 kfree(ubi->volumes[i]);
530 static int get_bad_peb_limit(const struct ubi_device *ubi, int max_beb_per1024)
532 int limit, device_pebs;
533 uint64_t device_size;
535 if (!max_beb_per1024) {
537 * Since max_beb_per1024 has not been set by the user in either
538 * the cmdline or Kconfig, use mtd_max_bad_blocks to set the
539 * limit if it is supported by the device.
541 limit = mtd_max_bad_blocks(ubi->mtd, 0, ubi->mtd->size);
548 * Here we are using size of the entire flash chip and
549 * not just the MTD partition size because the maximum
550 * number of bad eraseblocks is a percentage of the
551 * whole device and bad eraseblocks are not fairly
552 * distributed over the flash chip. So the worst case
553 * is that all the bad eraseblocks of the chip are in
554 * the MTD partition we are attaching (ubi->mtd).
556 device_size = mtd_get_device_size(ubi->mtd);
557 device_pebs = mtd_div_by_eb(device_size, ubi->mtd);
558 limit = mult_frac(device_pebs, max_beb_per1024, 1024);
561 if (mult_frac(limit, 1024, max_beb_per1024) < device_pebs)
568 * io_init - initialize I/O sub-system for a given UBI device.
569 * @ubi: UBI device description object
570 * @max_beb_per1024: maximum expected number of bad PEB per 1024 PEBs
572 * If @ubi->vid_hdr_offset or @ubi->leb_start is zero, default offsets are
574 * o EC header is always at offset zero - this cannot be changed;
575 * o VID header starts just after the EC header at the closest address
576 * aligned to @io->hdrs_min_io_size;
577 * o data starts just after the VID header at the closest address aligned to
580 * This function returns zero in case of success and a negative error code in
583 static int io_init(struct ubi_device *ubi, int max_beb_per1024)
585 dbg_gen("sizeof(struct ubi_ainf_peb) %zu", sizeof(struct ubi_ainf_peb));
586 dbg_gen("sizeof(struct ubi_wl_entry) %zu", sizeof(struct ubi_wl_entry));
588 if (ubi->mtd->numeraseregions != 0) {
590 * Some flashes have several erase regions. Different regions
591 * may have different eraseblock size and other
592 * characteristics. It looks like mostly multi-region flashes
593 * have one "main" region and one or more small regions to
594 * store boot loader code or boot parameters or whatever. I
595 * guess we should just pick the largest region. But this is
598 ubi_err(ubi, "multiple regions, not implemented");
602 if (ubi->vid_hdr_offset < 0)
606 * Note, in this implementation we support MTD devices with 0x7FFFFFFF
607 * physical eraseblocks maximum.
610 ubi->peb_size = ubi->mtd->erasesize;
611 ubi->peb_count = mtd_div_by_eb(ubi->mtd->size, ubi->mtd);
612 ubi->flash_size = ubi->mtd->size;
614 if (mtd_can_have_bb(ubi->mtd)) {
615 ubi->bad_allowed = 1;
616 ubi->bad_peb_limit = get_bad_peb_limit(ubi, max_beb_per1024);
619 if (ubi->mtd->type == MTD_NORFLASH) {
620 ubi_assert(ubi->mtd->writesize == 1);
624 ubi->min_io_size = ubi->mtd->writesize;
625 ubi->hdrs_min_io_size = ubi->mtd->writesize >> ubi->mtd->subpage_sft;
628 * Make sure minimal I/O unit is power of 2. Note, there is no
629 * fundamental reason for this assumption. It is just an optimization
630 * which allows us to avoid costly division operations.
632 if (!is_power_of_2(ubi->min_io_size)) {
633 ubi_err(ubi, "min. I/O unit (%d) is not power of 2",
638 ubi_assert(ubi->hdrs_min_io_size > 0);
639 ubi_assert(ubi->hdrs_min_io_size <= ubi->min_io_size);
640 ubi_assert(ubi->min_io_size % ubi->hdrs_min_io_size == 0);
642 ubi->max_write_size = ubi->mtd->writebufsize;
644 * Maximum write size has to be greater or equivalent to min. I/O
645 * size, and be multiple of min. I/O size.
647 if (ubi->max_write_size < ubi->min_io_size ||
648 ubi->max_write_size % ubi->min_io_size ||
649 !is_power_of_2(ubi->max_write_size)) {
650 ubi_err(ubi, "bad write buffer size %d for %d min. I/O unit",
651 ubi->max_write_size, ubi->min_io_size);
655 /* Calculate default aligned sizes of EC and VID headers */
656 ubi->ec_hdr_alsize = ALIGN(UBI_EC_HDR_SIZE, ubi->hdrs_min_io_size);
657 ubi->vid_hdr_alsize = ALIGN(UBI_VID_HDR_SIZE, ubi->hdrs_min_io_size);
659 dbg_gen("min_io_size %d", ubi->min_io_size);
660 dbg_gen("max_write_size %d", ubi->max_write_size);
661 dbg_gen("hdrs_min_io_size %d", ubi->hdrs_min_io_size);
662 dbg_gen("ec_hdr_alsize %d", ubi->ec_hdr_alsize);
663 dbg_gen("vid_hdr_alsize %d", ubi->vid_hdr_alsize);
665 if (ubi->vid_hdr_offset == 0)
667 ubi->vid_hdr_offset = ubi->vid_hdr_aloffset =
670 ubi->vid_hdr_aloffset = ubi->vid_hdr_offset &
671 ~(ubi->hdrs_min_io_size - 1);
672 ubi->vid_hdr_shift = ubi->vid_hdr_offset -
673 ubi->vid_hdr_aloffset;
676 /* Similar for the data offset */
677 ubi->leb_start = ubi->vid_hdr_offset + UBI_VID_HDR_SIZE;
678 ubi->leb_start = ALIGN(ubi->leb_start, ubi->min_io_size);
680 dbg_gen("vid_hdr_offset %d", ubi->vid_hdr_offset);
681 dbg_gen("vid_hdr_aloffset %d", ubi->vid_hdr_aloffset);
682 dbg_gen("vid_hdr_shift %d", ubi->vid_hdr_shift);
683 dbg_gen("leb_start %d", ubi->leb_start);
685 /* The shift must be aligned to 32-bit boundary */
686 if (ubi->vid_hdr_shift % 4) {
687 ubi_err(ubi, "unaligned VID header shift %d",
693 if (ubi->vid_hdr_offset < UBI_EC_HDR_SIZE ||
694 ubi->leb_start < ubi->vid_hdr_offset + UBI_VID_HDR_SIZE ||
695 ubi->leb_start > ubi->peb_size - UBI_VID_HDR_SIZE ||
696 ubi->leb_start & (ubi->min_io_size - 1)) {
697 ubi_err(ubi, "bad VID header (%d) or data offsets (%d)",
698 ubi->vid_hdr_offset, ubi->leb_start);
703 * Set maximum amount of physical erroneous eraseblocks to be 10%.
704 * Erroneous PEB are those which have read errors.
706 ubi->max_erroneous = ubi->peb_count / 10;
707 if (ubi->max_erroneous < 16)
708 ubi->max_erroneous = 16;
709 dbg_gen("max_erroneous %d", ubi->max_erroneous);
712 * It may happen that EC and VID headers are situated in one minimal
713 * I/O unit. In this case we can only accept this UBI image in
716 if (ubi->vid_hdr_offset + UBI_VID_HDR_SIZE <= ubi->hdrs_min_io_size) {
717 ubi_warn(ubi, "EC and VID headers are in the same minimal I/O unit, switch to read-only mode");
721 ubi->leb_size = ubi->peb_size - ubi->leb_start;
723 if (!(ubi->mtd->flags & MTD_WRITEABLE)) {
724 ubi_msg(ubi, "MTD device %d is write-protected, attach in read-only mode",
730 * Note, ideally, we have to initialize @ubi->bad_peb_count here. But
731 * unfortunately, MTD does not provide this information. We should loop
732 * over all physical eraseblocks and invoke mtd->block_is_bad() for
733 * each physical eraseblock. So, we leave @ubi->bad_peb_count
734 * uninitialized so far.
741 * autoresize - re-size the volume which has the "auto-resize" flag set.
742 * @ubi: UBI device description object
743 * @vol_id: ID of the volume to re-size
745 * This function re-sizes the volume marked by the %UBI_VTBL_AUTORESIZE_FLG in
746 * the volume table to the largest possible size. See comments in ubi-header.h
747 * for more description of the flag. Returns zero in case of success and a
748 * negative error code in case of failure.
750 static int autoresize(struct ubi_device *ubi, int vol_id)
752 struct ubi_volume_desc desc;
753 struct ubi_volume *vol = ubi->volumes[vol_id];
754 int err, old_reserved_pebs = vol->reserved_pebs;
757 ubi_warn(ubi, "skip auto-resize because of R/O mode");
762 * Clear the auto-resize flag in the volume in-memory copy of the
763 * volume table, and 'ubi_resize_volume()' will propagate this change
766 ubi->vtbl[vol_id].flags &= ~UBI_VTBL_AUTORESIZE_FLG;
768 if (ubi->avail_pebs == 0) {
769 struct ubi_vtbl_record vtbl_rec;
772 * No available PEBs to re-size the volume, clear the flag on
775 vtbl_rec = ubi->vtbl[vol_id];
776 err = ubi_change_vtbl_record(ubi, vol_id, &vtbl_rec);
778 ubi_err(ubi, "cannot clean auto-resize flag for volume %d",
782 err = ubi_resize_volume(&desc,
783 old_reserved_pebs + ubi->avail_pebs);
785 ubi_err(ubi, "cannot auto-resize volume %d",
792 ubi_msg(ubi, "volume %d (\"%s\") re-sized from %d to %d LEBs",
793 vol_id, vol->name, old_reserved_pebs, vol->reserved_pebs);
798 * ubi_attach_mtd_dev - attach an MTD device.
799 * @mtd: MTD device description object
800 * @ubi_num: number to assign to the new UBI device
801 * @vid_hdr_offset: VID header offset
802 * @max_beb_per1024: maximum expected number of bad PEB per 1024 PEBs
804 * This function attaches MTD device @mtd_dev to UBI and assign @ubi_num number
805 * to the newly created UBI device, unless @ubi_num is %UBI_DEV_NUM_AUTO, in
806 * which case this function finds a vacant device number and assigns it
807 * automatically. Returns the new UBI device number in case of success and a
808 * negative error code in case of failure.
810 * Note, the invocations of this function has to be serialized by the
811 * @ubi_devices_mutex.
813 int ubi_attach_mtd_dev(struct mtd_info *mtd, int ubi_num,
814 int vid_hdr_offset, int max_beb_per1024)
816 struct ubi_device *ubi;
819 if (max_beb_per1024 < 0 || max_beb_per1024 > MAX_MTD_UBI_BEB_LIMIT)
822 if (!max_beb_per1024)
823 max_beb_per1024 = CONFIG_MTD_UBI_BEB_LIMIT;
826 * Check if we already have the same MTD device attached.
828 * Note, this function assumes that UBI devices creations and deletions
829 * are serialized, so it does not take the &ubi_devices_lock.
831 for (i = 0; i < UBI_MAX_DEVICES; i++) {
832 ubi = ubi_devices[i];
833 if (ubi && mtd->index == ubi->mtd->index) {
834 pr_err("ubi: mtd%d is already attached to ubi%d\n",
841 * Make sure this MTD device is not emulated on top of an UBI volume
842 * already. Well, generally this recursion works fine, but there are
843 * different problems like the UBI module takes a reference to itself
844 * by attaching (and thus, opening) the emulated MTD device. This
845 * results in inability to unload the module. And in general it makes
846 * no sense to attach emulated MTD devices, so we prohibit this.
848 if (mtd->type == MTD_UBIVOLUME) {
849 pr_err("ubi: refuse attaching mtd%d - it is already emulated on top of UBI\n",
855 * Both UBI and UBIFS have been designed for SLC NAND and NOR flashes.
856 * MLC NAND is different and needs special care, otherwise UBI or UBIFS
857 * will die soon and you will lose all your data.
859 if (mtd->type == MTD_MLCNANDFLASH) {
860 pr_err("ubi: refuse attaching mtd%d - MLC NAND is not supported\n",
865 if (ubi_num == UBI_DEV_NUM_AUTO) {
866 /* Search for an empty slot in the @ubi_devices array */
867 for (ubi_num = 0; ubi_num < UBI_MAX_DEVICES; ubi_num++)
868 if (!ubi_devices[ubi_num])
870 if (ubi_num == UBI_MAX_DEVICES) {
871 pr_err("ubi: only %d UBI devices may be created\n",
876 if (ubi_num >= UBI_MAX_DEVICES)
879 /* Make sure ubi_num is not busy */
880 if (ubi_devices[ubi_num]) {
881 pr_err("ubi: ubi%i already exists\n", ubi_num);
886 ubi = kzalloc(sizeof(struct ubi_device), GFP_KERNEL);
890 device_initialize(&ubi->dev);
891 ubi->dev.release = dev_release;
892 ubi->dev.class = &ubi_class;
893 ubi->dev.groups = ubi_dev_groups;
896 ubi->ubi_num = ubi_num;
897 ubi->vid_hdr_offset = vid_hdr_offset;
898 ubi->autoresize_vol_id = -1;
900 #ifdef CONFIG_MTD_UBI_FASTMAP
901 ubi->fm_pool.used = ubi->fm_pool.size = 0;
902 ubi->fm_wl_pool.used = ubi->fm_wl_pool.size = 0;
905 * fm_pool.max_size is 5% of the total number of PEBs but it's also
906 * between UBI_FM_MAX_POOL_SIZE and UBI_FM_MIN_POOL_SIZE.
908 ubi->fm_pool.max_size = min(((int)mtd_div_by_eb(ubi->mtd->size,
909 ubi->mtd) / 100) * 5, UBI_FM_MAX_POOL_SIZE);
910 ubi->fm_pool.max_size = max(ubi->fm_pool.max_size,
911 UBI_FM_MIN_POOL_SIZE);
913 ubi->fm_wl_pool.max_size = ubi->fm_pool.max_size / 2;
914 ubi->fm_disabled = !fm_autoconvert;
916 ubi_enable_dbg_chk_fastmap(ubi);
918 if (!ubi->fm_disabled && (int)mtd_div_by_eb(ubi->mtd->size, ubi->mtd)
919 <= UBI_FM_MAX_START) {
920 ubi_err(ubi, "More than %i PEBs are needed for fastmap, sorry.",
922 ubi->fm_disabled = 1;
925 ubi_msg(ubi, "default fastmap pool size: %d", ubi->fm_pool.max_size);
926 ubi_msg(ubi, "default fastmap WL pool size: %d",
927 ubi->fm_wl_pool.max_size);
929 ubi->fm_disabled = 1;
931 mutex_init(&ubi->buf_mutex);
932 mutex_init(&ubi->ckvol_mutex);
933 mutex_init(&ubi->device_mutex);
934 spin_lock_init(&ubi->volumes_lock);
935 init_rwsem(&ubi->fm_protect);
936 init_rwsem(&ubi->fm_eba_sem);
938 ubi_msg(ubi, "attaching mtd%d", mtd->index);
940 err = io_init(ubi, max_beb_per1024);
945 ubi->peb_buf = vmalloc(ubi->peb_size);
949 #ifdef CONFIG_MTD_UBI_FASTMAP
950 ubi->fm_size = ubi_calc_fm_size(ubi);
951 ubi->fm_buf = vzalloc(ubi->fm_size);
955 err = ubi_attach(ubi, 0);
957 ubi_err(ubi, "failed to attach mtd%d, error %d",
962 if (ubi->autoresize_vol_id != -1) {
963 err = autoresize(ubi, ubi->autoresize_vol_id);
972 err = ubi_debugfs_init_dev(ubi);
976 ubi->bgt_thread = kthread_create(ubi_thread, ubi, "%s", ubi->bgt_name);
977 if (IS_ERR(ubi->bgt_thread)) {
978 err = PTR_ERR(ubi->bgt_thread);
979 ubi_err(ubi, "cannot spawn \"%s\", error %d",
984 ubi_msg(ubi, "attached mtd%d (name \"%s\", size %llu MiB)",
985 mtd->index, mtd->name, ubi->flash_size >> 20);
986 ubi_msg(ubi, "PEB size: %d bytes (%d KiB), LEB size: %d bytes",
987 ubi->peb_size, ubi->peb_size >> 10, ubi->leb_size);
988 ubi_msg(ubi, "min./max. I/O unit sizes: %d/%d, sub-page size %d",
989 ubi->min_io_size, ubi->max_write_size, ubi->hdrs_min_io_size);
990 ubi_msg(ubi, "VID header offset: %d (aligned %d), data offset: %d",
991 ubi->vid_hdr_offset, ubi->vid_hdr_aloffset, ubi->leb_start);
992 ubi_msg(ubi, "good PEBs: %d, bad PEBs: %d, corrupted PEBs: %d",
993 ubi->good_peb_count, ubi->bad_peb_count, ubi->corr_peb_count);
994 ubi_msg(ubi, "user volume: %d, internal volumes: %d, max. volumes count: %d",
995 ubi->vol_count - UBI_INT_VOL_COUNT, UBI_INT_VOL_COUNT,
997 ubi_msg(ubi, "max/mean erase counter: %d/%d, WL threshold: %d, image sequence number: %u",
998 ubi->max_ec, ubi->mean_ec, CONFIG_MTD_UBI_WL_THRESHOLD,
1000 ubi_msg(ubi, "available PEBs: %d, total reserved PEBs: %d, PEBs reserved for bad PEB handling: %d",
1001 ubi->avail_pebs, ubi->rsvd_pebs, ubi->beb_rsvd_pebs);
1004 * The below lock makes sure we do not race with 'ubi_thread()' which
1005 * checks @ubi->thread_enabled. Otherwise we may fail to wake it up.
1007 spin_lock(&ubi->wl_lock);
1008 ubi->thread_enabled = 1;
1009 wake_up_process(ubi->bgt_thread);
1010 spin_unlock(&ubi->wl_lock);
1012 ubi_devices[ubi_num] = ubi;
1013 ubi_notify_all(ubi, UBI_VOLUME_ADDED, NULL);
1017 ubi_debugfs_exit_dev(ubi);
1022 ubi_free_internal_volumes(ubi);
1025 vfree(ubi->peb_buf);
1027 put_device(&ubi->dev);
1032 * ubi_detach_mtd_dev - detach an MTD device.
1033 * @ubi_num: UBI device number to detach from
1034 * @anyway: detach MTD even if device reference count is not zero
1036 * This function destroys an UBI device number @ubi_num and detaches the
1037 * underlying MTD device. Returns zero in case of success and %-EBUSY if the
1038 * UBI device is busy and cannot be destroyed, and %-EINVAL if it does not
1041 * Note, the invocations of this function has to be serialized by the
1042 * @ubi_devices_mutex.
1044 int ubi_detach_mtd_dev(int ubi_num, int anyway)
1046 struct ubi_device *ubi;
1048 if (ubi_num < 0 || ubi_num >= UBI_MAX_DEVICES)
1051 ubi = ubi_get_device(ubi_num);
1055 spin_lock(&ubi_devices_lock);
1056 put_device(&ubi->dev);
1057 ubi->ref_count -= 1;
1058 if (ubi->ref_count) {
1060 spin_unlock(&ubi_devices_lock);
1063 /* This may only happen if there is a bug */
1064 ubi_err(ubi, "%s reference count %d, destroy anyway",
1065 ubi->ubi_name, ubi->ref_count);
1067 ubi_devices[ubi_num] = NULL;
1068 spin_unlock(&ubi_devices_lock);
1070 ubi_assert(ubi_num == ubi->ubi_num);
1071 ubi_notify_all(ubi, UBI_VOLUME_REMOVED, NULL);
1072 ubi_msg(ubi, "detaching mtd%d", ubi->mtd->index);
1073 #ifdef CONFIG_MTD_UBI_FASTMAP
1074 /* If we don't write a new fastmap at detach time we lose all
1075 * EC updates that have been made since the last written fastmap.
1076 * In case of fastmap debugging we omit the update to simulate an
1077 * unclean shutdown. */
1078 if (!ubi_dbg_chk_fastmap(ubi))
1079 ubi_update_fastmap(ubi);
1082 * Before freeing anything, we have to stop the background thread to
1083 * prevent it from doing anything on this device while we are freeing.
1085 if (ubi->bgt_thread)
1086 kthread_stop(ubi->bgt_thread);
1088 #ifdef CONFIG_MTD_UBI_FASTMAP
1089 cancel_work_sync(&ubi->fm_work);
1091 ubi_debugfs_exit_dev(ubi);
1095 ubi_free_internal_volumes(ubi);
1097 vfree(ubi->peb_buf);
1099 ubi_msg(ubi, "mtd%d is detached", ubi->mtd->index);
1100 put_mtd_device(ubi->mtd);
1101 put_device(&ubi->dev);
1106 * open_mtd_by_chdev - open an MTD device by its character device node path.
1107 * @mtd_dev: MTD character device node path
1109 * This helper function opens an MTD device by its character node device path.
1110 * Returns MTD device description object in case of success and a negative
1111 * error code in case of failure.
1113 static struct mtd_info * __init open_mtd_by_chdev(const char *mtd_dev)
1119 /* Probably this is an MTD character device node path */
1120 err = kern_path(mtd_dev, LOOKUP_FOLLOW, &path);
1122 return ERR_PTR(err);
1124 err = vfs_getattr(&path, &stat, STATX_TYPE, AT_STATX_SYNC_AS_STAT);
1127 return ERR_PTR(err);
1129 /* MTD device number is defined by the major / minor numbers */
1130 if (MAJOR(stat.rdev) != MTD_CHAR_MAJOR || !S_ISCHR(stat.mode))
1131 return ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
1133 minor = MINOR(stat.rdev);
1137 * Just do not think the "/dev/mtdrX" devices support is need,
1138 * so do not support them to avoid doing extra work.
1140 return ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
1142 return get_mtd_device(NULL, minor / 2);
1146 * open_mtd_device - open MTD device by name, character device path, or number.
1147 * @mtd_dev: name, character device node path, or MTD device device number
1149 * This function tries to open and MTD device described by @mtd_dev string,
1150 * which is first treated as ASCII MTD device number, and if it is not true, it
1151 * is treated as MTD device name, and if that is also not true, it is treated
1152 * as MTD character device node path. Returns MTD device description object in
1153 * case of success and a negative error code in case of failure.
1155 static struct mtd_info * __init open_mtd_device(const char *mtd_dev)
1157 struct mtd_info *mtd;
1161 mtd_num = simple_strtoul(mtd_dev, &endp, 0);
1162 if (*endp != '\0' || mtd_dev == endp) {
1164 * This does not look like an ASCII integer, probably this is
1167 mtd = get_mtd_device_nm(mtd_dev);
1168 if (IS_ERR(mtd) && PTR_ERR(mtd) == -ENODEV)
1169 /* Probably this is an MTD character device node path */
1170 mtd = open_mtd_by_chdev(mtd_dev);
1172 mtd = get_mtd_device(NULL, mtd_num);
1177 static int __init ubi_init(void)
1181 /* Ensure that EC and VID headers have correct size */
1182 BUILD_BUG_ON(sizeof(struct ubi_ec_hdr) != 64);
1183 BUILD_BUG_ON(sizeof(struct ubi_vid_hdr) != 64);
1185 if (mtd_devs > UBI_MAX_DEVICES) {
1186 pr_err("UBI error: too many MTD devices, maximum is %d\n",
1191 /* Create base sysfs directory and sysfs files */
1192 err = class_register(&ubi_class);
1196 err = misc_register(&ubi_ctrl_cdev);
1198 pr_err("UBI error: cannot register device\n");
1202 ubi_wl_entry_slab = kmem_cache_create("ubi_wl_entry_slab",
1203 sizeof(struct ubi_wl_entry),
1205 if (!ubi_wl_entry_slab) {
1210 err = ubi_debugfs_init();
1215 /* Attach MTD devices */
1216 for (i = 0; i < mtd_devs; i++) {
1217 struct mtd_dev_param *p = &mtd_dev_param[i];
1218 struct mtd_info *mtd;
1222 mtd = open_mtd_device(p->name);
1225 pr_err("UBI error: cannot open mtd %s, error %d\n",
1227 /* See comment below re-ubi_is_module(). */
1228 if (ubi_is_module())
1233 mutex_lock(&ubi_devices_mutex);
1234 err = ubi_attach_mtd_dev(mtd, p->ubi_num,
1235 p->vid_hdr_offs, p->max_beb_per1024);
1236 mutex_unlock(&ubi_devices_mutex);
1238 pr_err("UBI error: cannot attach mtd%d\n",
1240 put_mtd_device(mtd);
1243 * Originally UBI stopped initializing on any error.
1244 * However, later on it was found out that this
1245 * behavior is not very good when UBI is compiled into
1246 * the kernel and the MTD devices to attach are passed
1247 * through the command line. Indeed, UBI failure
1248 * stopped whole boot sequence.
1250 * To fix this, we changed the behavior for the
1251 * non-module case, but preserved the old behavior for
1252 * the module case, just for compatibility. This is a
1253 * little inconsistent, though.
1255 if (ubi_is_module())
1260 err = ubiblock_init();
1262 pr_err("UBI error: block: cannot initialize, error %d\n", err);
1264 /* See comment above re-ubi_is_module(). */
1265 if (ubi_is_module())
1272 for (k = 0; k < i; k++)
1273 if (ubi_devices[k]) {
1274 mutex_lock(&ubi_devices_mutex);
1275 ubi_detach_mtd_dev(ubi_devices[k]->ubi_num, 1);
1276 mutex_unlock(&ubi_devices_mutex);
1280 kmem_cache_destroy(ubi_wl_entry_slab);
1282 misc_deregister(&ubi_ctrl_cdev);
1284 class_unregister(&ubi_class);
1285 pr_err("UBI error: cannot initialize UBI, error %d\n", err);
1288 late_initcall(ubi_init);
1290 static void __exit ubi_exit(void)
1296 for (i = 0; i < UBI_MAX_DEVICES; i++)
1297 if (ubi_devices[i]) {
1298 mutex_lock(&ubi_devices_mutex);
1299 ubi_detach_mtd_dev(ubi_devices[i]->ubi_num, 1);
1300 mutex_unlock(&ubi_devices_mutex);
1303 kmem_cache_destroy(ubi_wl_entry_slab);
1304 misc_deregister(&ubi_ctrl_cdev);
1305 class_unregister(&ubi_class);
1307 module_exit(ubi_exit);
1310 * bytes_str_to_int - convert a number of bytes string into an integer.
1311 * @str: the string to convert
1313 * This function returns positive resulting integer in case of success and a
1314 * negative error code in case of failure.
1316 static int bytes_str_to_int(const char *str)
1319 unsigned long result;
1321 result = simple_strtoul(str, &endp, 0);
1322 if (str == endp || result >= INT_MAX) {
1323 pr_err("UBI error: incorrect bytes count: \"%s\"\n", str);
1334 if (endp[1] == 'i' && endp[2] == 'B')
1339 pr_err("UBI error: incorrect bytes count: \"%s\"\n", str);
1347 * ubi_mtd_param_parse - parse the 'mtd=' UBI parameter.
1348 * @val: the parameter value to parse
1351 * This function returns zero in case of success and a negative error code in
1354 static int ubi_mtd_param_parse(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp)
1357 struct mtd_dev_param *p;
1358 char buf[MTD_PARAM_LEN_MAX];
1359 char *pbuf = &buf[0];
1360 char *tokens[MTD_PARAM_MAX_COUNT], *token;
1365 if (mtd_devs == UBI_MAX_DEVICES) {
1366 pr_err("UBI error: too many parameters, max. is %d\n",
1371 len = strnlen(val, MTD_PARAM_LEN_MAX);
1372 if (len == MTD_PARAM_LEN_MAX) {
1373 pr_err("UBI error: parameter \"%s\" is too long, max. is %d\n",
1374 val, MTD_PARAM_LEN_MAX);
1379 pr_warn("UBI warning: empty 'mtd=' parameter - ignored\n");
1385 /* Get rid of the final newline */
1386 if (buf[len - 1] == '\n')
1387 buf[len - 1] = '\0';
1389 for (i = 0; i < MTD_PARAM_MAX_COUNT; i++)
1390 tokens[i] = strsep(&pbuf, ",");
1393 pr_err("UBI error: too many arguments at \"%s\"\n", val);
1397 p = &mtd_dev_param[mtd_devs];
1398 strcpy(&p->name[0], tokens[0]);
1402 p->vid_hdr_offs = bytes_str_to_int(token);
1404 if (p->vid_hdr_offs < 0)
1405 return p->vid_hdr_offs;
1410 int err = kstrtoint(token, 10, &p->max_beb_per1024);
1413 pr_err("UBI error: bad value for max_beb_per1024 parameter: %s",
1421 int err = kstrtoint(token, 10, &p->ubi_num);
1424 pr_err("UBI error: bad value for ubi_num parameter: %s",
1429 p->ubi_num = UBI_DEV_NUM_AUTO;
1435 module_param_call(mtd, ubi_mtd_param_parse, NULL, NULL, 0400);
1436 MODULE_PARM_DESC(mtd, "MTD devices to attach. Parameter format: mtd=<name|num|path>[,<vid_hdr_offs>[,max_beb_per1024[,ubi_num]]].\n"
1437 "Multiple \"mtd\" parameters may be specified.\n"
1438 "MTD devices may be specified by their number, name, or path to the MTD character device node.\n"
1439 "Optional \"vid_hdr_offs\" parameter specifies UBI VID header position to be used by UBI. (default value if 0)\n"
1440 "Optional \"max_beb_per1024\" parameter specifies the maximum expected bad eraseblock per 1024 eraseblocks. (default value ("
1441 __stringify(CONFIG_MTD_UBI_BEB_LIMIT) ") if 0)\n"
1442 "Optional \"ubi_num\" parameter specifies UBI device number which have to be assigned to the newly created UBI device (assigned automatically by default)\n"
1444 "Example 1: mtd=/dev/mtd0 - attach MTD device /dev/mtd0.\n"
1445 "Example 2: mtd=content,1984 mtd=4 - attach MTD device with name \"content\" using VID header offset 1984, and MTD device number 4 with default VID header offset.\n"
1446 "Example 3: mtd=/dev/mtd1,0,25 - attach MTD device /dev/mtd1 using default VID header offset and reserve 25*nand_size_in_blocks/1024 erase blocks for bad block handling.\n"
1447 "Example 4: mtd=/dev/mtd1,0,0,5 - attach MTD device /dev/mtd1 to UBI 5 and using default values for the other fields.\n"
1448 "\t(e.g. if the NAND *chipset* has 4096 PEB, 100 will be reserved for this UBI device).");
1449 #ifdef CONFIG_MTD_UBI_FASTMAP
1450 module_param(fm_autoconvert, bool, 0644);
1451 MODULE_PARM_DESC(fm_autoconvert, "Set this parameter to enable fastmap automatically on images without a fastmap.");
1452 module_param(fm_debug, bool, 0);
1453 MODULE_PARM_DESC(fm_debug, "Set this parameter to enable fastmap debugging by default. Warning, this will make fastmap slow!");
1455 MODULE_VERSION(__stringify(UBI_VERSION));
1456 MODULE_DESCRIPTION("UBI - Unsorted Block Images");
1457 MODULE_AUTHOR("Artem Bityutskiy");
1458 MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");