drivers/misc/lkdtm/usercopy.c

   1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
   2 /*
   3  * This is for all the tests related to copy_to_user() and copy_from_user()
   4  * hardening.
   5  */
   6 #include "lkdtm.h"
   7 #include <linux/slab.h>
   8 #include <linux/vmalloc.h>
   9 #include <linux/sched/task_stack.h>
  10 #include <linux/mman.h>
  11 #include <linux/uaccess.h>
  12 #include <asm/cacheflush.h>
  13
  14 /*
  15  * Many of the tests here end up using const sizes, but those would
  16  * normally be ignored by hardened usercopy, so force the compiler
  17  * into choosing the non-const path to make sure we trigger the
  18  * hardened usercopy checks by added "unconst" to all the const copies,
  19  * and making sure "cache_size" isn't optimized into a const.
  20  */
  21 static volatile size_t unconst = 0;
  22 static volatile size_t cache_size = 1024;
  23 static struct kmem_cache *whitelist_cache;
  24
  25 static const unsigned char test_text[] = "This is a test.\n";
  26
  27 /*
  28  * Instead of adding -Wno-return-local-addr, just pass the stack address
  29  * through a function to obfuscate it from the compiler.
  30  */
  31 static noinline unsigned char *trick_compiler(unsigned char *stack)
  32 {
  33         return stack + 0;
  34 }
  35
  36 static noinline unsigned char *do_usercopy_stack_callee(int value)
  37 {
  38         unsigned char buf[32];
  39         int i;
  40
  41         /* Exercise stack to avoid everything living in registers. */
  42         for (i = 0; i < sizeof(buf); i++) {
  43                 buf[i] = value & 0xff;
  44         }
  45
  46         return trick_compiler(buf);
  47 }
  48
  49 static noinline void do_usercopy_stack(bool to_user, bool bad_frame)
  50 {
  51         unsigned long user_addr;
  52         unsigned char good_stack[32];
  53         unsigned char *bad_stack;
  54         int i;
  55
  56         /* Exercise stack to avoid everything living in registers. */
  57         for (i = 0; i < sizeof(good_stack); i++)
  58                 good_stack[i] = test_text[i % sizeof(test_text)];
  59
  60         /* This is a pointer to outside our current stack frame. */
  61         if (bad_frame) {
  62                 bad_stack = do_usercopy_stack_callee((uintptr_t)&bad_stack);
  63         } else {
  64                 /* Put start address just inside stack. */
  65                 bad_stack = task_stack_page(current) + THREAD_SIZE;
  66                 bad_stack -= sizeof(unsigned long);
  67         }
  68
  69         user_addr = vm_mmap(NULL, 0, PAGE_SIZE,
  70                             PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE | PROT_EXEC,
  71                             MAP_ANONYMOUS | MAP_PRIVATE, 0);
  72         if (user_addr >= TASK_SIZE) {
  73                 pr_warn("Failed to allocate user memory\n");
  74                 return;
  75         }
  76
  77         if (to_user) {
  78                 pr_info("attempting good copy_to_user of local stack\n");
  79                 if (copy_to_user((void __user *)user_addr, good_stack,
  80                                  unconst + sizeof(good_stack))) {
  81                         pr_warn("copy_to_user failed unexpectedly?!\n");
  82                         goto free_user;
  83                 }
  84
  85                 pr_info("attempting bad copy_to_user of distant stack\n");
  86                 if (copy_to_user((void __user *)user_addr, bad_stack,
  87                                  unconst + sizeof(good_stack))) {
  88                         pr_warn("copy_to_user failed, but lacked Oops\n");
  89                         goto free_user;
  90                 }
  91         } else {
  92                 /*
  93                  * There isn't a safe way to not be protected by usercopy
  94                  * if we're going to write to another thread's stack.
  95                  */
  96                 if (!bad_frame)
  97                         goto free_user;
  98
  99                 pr_info("attempting good copy_from_user of local stack\n");
 100                 if (copy_from_user(good_stack, (void __user *)user_addr,
 101                                    unconst + sizeof(good_stack))) {
 102                         pr_warn("copy_from_user failed unexpectedly?!\n");
 103                         goto free_user;
 104                 }
 105
 106                 pr_info("attempting bad copy_from_user of distant stack\n");
 107                 if (copy_from_user(bad_stack, (void __user *)user_addr,
 108                                    unconst + sizeof(good_stack))) {
 109                         pr_warn("copy_from_user failed, but lacked Oops\n");
 110                         goto free_user;
 111                 }
 112         }
 113
 114 free_user:
 115         vm_munmap(user_addr, PAGE_SIZE);
 116 }
 117
 118 /*
 119  * This checks for whole-object size validation with hardened usercopy,
 120  * with or without usercopy whitelisting.
 121  */
 122 static void do_usercopy_heap_size(bool to_user)
 123 {
 124         unsigned long user_addr;
 125         unsigned char *one, *two;
 126         void __user *test_user_addr;
 127         void *test_kern_addr;
 128         size_t size = unconst + 1024;
 129
 130         one = kmalloc(size, GFP_KERNEL);
 131         two = kmalloc(size, GFP_KERNEL);
 132         if (!one || !two) {
 133                 pr_warn("Failed to allocate kernel memory\n");
 134                 goto free_kernel;
 135         }
 136
 137         user_addr = vm_mmap(NULL, 0, PAGE_SIZE,
 138                             PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE | PROT_EXEC,
 139                             MAP_ANONYMOUS | MAP_PRIVATE, 0);
 140         if (user_addr >= TASK_SIZE) {
 141                 pr_warn("Failed to allocate user memory\n");
 142                 goto free_kernel;
 143         }
 144
 145         memset(one, 'A', size);
 146         memset(two, 'B', size);
 147
 148         test_user_addr = (void __user *)(user_addr + 16);
 149         test_kern_addr = one + 16;
 150
 151         if (to_user) {
 152                 pr_info("attempting good copy_to_user of correct size\n");
 153                 if (copy_to_user(test_user_addr, test_kern_addr, size / 2)) {
 154                         pr_warn("copy_to_user failed unexpectedly?!\n");
 155                         goto free_user;
 156                 }
 157
 158                 pr_info("attempting bad copy_to_user of too large size\n");
 159                 if (copy_to_user(test_user_addr, test_kern_addr, size)) {
 160                         pr_warn("copy_to_user failed, but lacked Oops\n");
 161                         goto free_user;
 162                 }
 163         } else {
 164                 pr_info("attempting good copy_from_user of correct size\n");
 165                 if (copy_from_user(test_kern_addr, test_user_addr, size / 2)) {
 166                         pr_warn("copy_from_user failed unexpectedly?!\n");
 167                         goto free_user;
 168                 }
 169
 170                 pr_info("attempting bad copy_from_user of too large size\n");
 171                 if (copy_from_user(test_kern_addr, test_user_addr, size)) {
 172                         pr_warn("copy_from_user failed, but lacked Oops\n");
 173                         goto free_user;
 174                 }
 175         }
 176
 177 free_user:
 178         vm_munmap(user_addr, PAGE_SIZE);
 179 free_kernel:
 180         kfree(one);
 181         kfree(two);
 182 }
 183
 184 /*
 185  * This checks for the specific whitelist window within an object. If this
 186  * test passes, then do_usercopy_heap_size() tests will pass too.
 187  */
 188 static void do_usercopy_heap_whitelist(bool to_user)
 189 {
 190         unsigned long user_alloc;
 191         unsigned char *buf = NULL;
 192         unsigned char __user *user_addr;
 193         size_t offset, size;
 194
 195         /* Make sure cache was prepared. */
 196         if (!whitelist_cache) {
 197                 pr_warn("Failed to allocate kernel cache\n");
 198                 return;
 199         }
 200
 201         /*
 202          * Allocate a buffer with a whitelisted window in the buffer.
 203          */
 204         buf = kmem_cache_alloc(whitelist_cache, GFP_KERNEL);
 205         if (!buf) {
 206                 pr_warn("Failed to allocate buffer from whitelist cache\n");
 207                 goto free_alloc;
 208         }
 209
 210         /* Allocate user memory we'll poke at. */
 211         user_alloc = vm_mmap(NULL, 0, PAGE_SIZE,
 212                             PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE | PROT_EXEC,
 213                             MAP_ANONYMOUS | MAP_PRIVATE, 0);
 214         if (user_alloc >= TASK_SIZE) {
 215                 pr_warn("Failed to allocate user memory\n");
 216                 goto free_alloc;
 217         }
 218         user_addr = (void __user *)user_alloc;
 219
 220         memset(buf, 'B', cache_size);
 221
 222         /* Whitelisted window in buffer, from kmem_cache_create_usercopy. */
 223         offset = (cache_size / 4) + unconst;
 224         size = (cache_size / 16) + unconst;
 225
 226         if (to_user) {
 227                 pr_info("attempting good copy_to_user inside whitelist\n");
 228                 if (copy_to_user(user_addr, buf + offset, size)) {
 229                         pr_warn("copy_to_user failed unexpectedly?!\n");
 230                         goto free_user;
 231                 }
 232
 233                 pr_info("attempting bad copy_to_user outside whitelist\n");
 234                 if (copy_to_user(user_addr, buf + offset - 1, size)) {
 235                         pr_warn("copy_to_user failed, but lacked Oops\n");
 236                         goto free_user;
 237                 }
 238         } else {
 239                 pr_info("attempting good copy_from_user inside whitelist\n");
 240                 if (copy_from_user(buf + offset, user_addr, size)) {
 241                         pr_warn("copy_from_user failed unexpectedly?!\n");
 242                         goto free_user;
 243                 }
 244
 245                 pr_info("attempting bad copy_from_user outside whitelist\n");
 246                 if (copy_from_user(buf + offset - 1, user_addr, size)) {
 247                         pr_warn("copy_from_user failed, but lacked Oops\n");
 248                         goto free_user;
 249                 }
 250         }
 251
 252 free_user:
 253         vm_munmap(user_alloc, PAGE_SIZE);
 254 free_alloc:
 255         if (buf)
 256                 kmem_cache_free(whitelist_cache, buf);
 257 }
 258
 259 /* Callable tests. */
 260 void lkdtm_USERCOPY_HEAP_SIZE_TO(void)
 261 {
 262         do_usercopy_heap_size(true);
 263 }
 264
 265 void lkdtm_USERCOPY_HEAP_SIZE_FROM(void)
 266 {
 267         do_usercopy_heap_size(false);
 268 }
 269
 270 void lkdtm_USERCOPY_HEAP_WHITELIST_TO(void)
 271 {
 272         do_usercopy_heap_whitelist(true);
 273 }
 274
 275 void lkdtm_USERCOPY_HEAP_WHITELIST_FROM(void)
 276 {
 277         do_usercopy_heap_whitelist(false);
 278 }
 279
 280 void lkdtm_USERCOPY_STACK_FRAME_TO(void)
 281 {
 282         do_usercopy_stack(true, true);
 283 }
 284
 285 void lkdtm_USERCOPY_STACK_FRAME_FROM(void)
 286 {
 287         do_usercopy_stack(false, true);
 288 }
 289
 290 void lkdtm_USERCOPY_STACK_BEYOND(void)
 291 {
 292         do_usercopy_stack(true, false);
 293 }
 294
 295 void lkdtm_USERCOPY_KERNEL(void)
 296 {
 297         unsigned long user_addr;
 298
 299         user_addr = vm_mmap(NULL, 0, PAGE_SIZE,
 300                             PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE | PROT_EXEC,
 301                             MAP_ANONYMOUS | MAP_PRIVATE, 0);
 302         if (user_addr >= TASK_SIZE) {
 303                 pr_warn("Failed to allocate user memory\n");
 304                 return;
 305         }
 306
 307         pr_info("attempting good copy_to_user from kernel rodata\n");
 308         if (copy_to_user((void __user *)user_addr, test_text,
 309                          unconst + sizeof(test_text))) {
 310                 pr_warn("copy_to_user failed unexpectedly?!\n");
 311                 goto free_user;
 312         }
 313
 314         pr_info("attempting bad copy_to_user from kernel text\n");
 315         if (copy_to_user((void __user *)user_addr, vm_mmap,
 316                          unconst + PAGE_SIZE)) {
 317                 pr_warn("copy_to_user failed, but lacked Oops\n");
 318                 goto free_user;
 319         }
 320
 321 free_user:
 322         vm_munmap(user_addr, PAGE_SIZE);
 323 }
 324
 325 void __init lkdtm_usercopy_init(void)
 326 {
 327         /* Prepare cache that lacks SLAB_USERCOPY flag. */
 328         whitelist_cache =
 329                 kmem_cache_create_usercopy("lkdtm-usercopy", cache_size,
 330                                            0, 0,
 331                                            cache_size / 4,
 332                                            cache_size / 16,
 333                                            NULL);
 334 }
 335
 336 void __exit lkdtm_usercopy_exit(void)
 337 {
 338         kmem_cache_destroy(whitelist_cache);
 339 }