2 * Copyright 2013-2015 Analog Devices Inc.
3 * Author: Lars-Peter Clausen <lars@metafoo.de>
5 * Licensed under the GPL-2.
8 #include <linux/slab.h>
9 #include <linux/kernel.h>
10 #include <linux/module.h>
11 #include <linux/device.h>
12 #include <linux/workqueue.h>
13 #include <linux/mutex.h>
14 #include <linux/sched.h>
15 #include <linux/poll.h>
16 #include <linux/iio/buffer.h>
17 #include <linux/iio/buffer-dma.h>
18 #include <linux/dma-mapping.h>
19 #include <linux/sizes.h>
22 * For DMA buffers the storage is sub-divided into so called blocks. Each block
23 * has its own memory buffer. The size of the block is the granularity at which
24 * memory is exchanged between the hardware and the application. Increasing the
25 * basic unit of data exchange from one sample to one block decreases the
26 * management overhead that is associated with each sample. E.g. if we say the
27 * management overhead for one exchange is x and the unit of exchange is one
28 * sample the overhead will be x for each sample. Whereas when using a block
29 * which contains n samples the overhead per sample is reduced to x/n. This
30 * allows to achieve much higher samplerates than what can be sustained with
31 * the one sample approach.
33 * Blocks are exchanged between the DMA controller and the application via the
34 * means of two queues. The incoming queue and the outgoing queue. Blocks on the
35 * incoming queue are waiting for the DMA controller to pick them up and fill
36 * them with data. Block on the outgoing queue have been filled with data and
37 * are waiting for the application to dequeue them and read the data.
39 * A block can be in one of the following states:
40 * * Owned by the application. In this state the application can read data from
42 * * On the incoming list: Blocks on the incoming list are queued up to be
43 * processed by the DMA controller.
44 * * Owned by the DMA controller: The DMA controller is processing the block
45 * and filling it with data.
46 * * On the outgoing list: Blocks on the outgoing list have been successfully
47 * processed by the DMA controller and contain data. They can be dequeued by
49 * * Dead: A block that is dead has been marked as to be freed. It might still
50 * be owned by either the application or the DMA controller at the moment.
51 * But once they are done processing it instead of going to either the
52 * incoming or outgoing queue the block will be freed.
54 * In addition to this blocks are reference counted and the memory associated
55 * with both the block structure as well as the storage memory for the block
56 * will be freed when the last reference to the block is dropped. This means a
57 * block must not be accessed without holding a reference.
59 * The iio_dma_buffer implementation provides a generic infrastructure for
60 * managing the blocks.
62 * A driver for a specific piece of hardware that has DMA capabilities need to
63 * implement the submit() callback from the iio_dma_buffer_ops structure. This
64 * callback is supposed to initiate the DMA transfer copying data from the
65 * converter to the memory region of the block. Once the DMA transfer has been
66 * completed the driver must call iio_dma_buffer_block_done() for the completed
69 * Prior to this it must set the bytes_used field of the block contains
70 * the actual number of bytes in the buffer. Typically this will be equal to the
71 * size of the block, but if the DMA hardware has certain alignment requirements
72 * for the transfer length it might choose to use less than the full size. In
73 * either case it is expected that bytes_used is a multiple of the bytes per
74 * datum, i.e. the block must not contain partial samples.
76 * The driver must call iio_dma_buffer_block_done() for each block it has
77 * received through its submit_block() callback, even if it does not actually
78 * perform a DMA transfer for the block, e.g. because the buffer was disabled
79 * before the block transfer was started. In this case it should set bytes_used
82 * In addition it is recommended that a driver implements the abort() callback.
83 * It will be called when the buffer is disabled and can be used to cancel
84 * pending and stop active transfers.
86 * The specific driver implementation should use the default callback
87 * implementations provided by this module for the iio_buffer_access_funcs
88 * struct. It may overload some callbacks with custom variants if the hardware
89 * has special requirements that are not handled by the generic functions. If a
90 * driver chooses to overload a callback it has to ensure that the generic
91 * callback is called from within the custom callback.
94 static void iio_buffer_block_release(struct kref *kref)
96 struct iio_dma_buffer_block *block = container_of(kref,
97 struct iio_dma_buffer_block, kref);
99 WARN_ON(block->state != IIO_BLOCK_STATE_DEAD);
101 dma_free_coherent(block->queue->dev, PAGE_ALIGN(block->size),
102 block->vaddr, block->phys_addr);
104 iio_buffer_put(&block->queue->buffer);
108 static void iio_buffer_block_get(struct iio_dma_buffer_block *block)
110 kref_get(&block->kref);
113 static void iio_buffer_block_put(struct iio_dma_buffer_block *block)
115 kref_put(&block->kref, iio_buffer_block_release);
119 * dma_free_coherent can sleep, hence we need to take some special care to be
120 * able to drop a reference from an atomic context.
122 static LIST_HEAD(iio_dma_buffer_dead_blocks);
123 static DEFINE_SPINLOCK(iio_dma_buffer_dead_blocks_lock);
125 static void iio_dma_buffer_cleanup_worker(struct work_struct *work)
127 struct iio_dma_buffer_block *block, *_block;
128 LIST_HEAD(block_list);
130 spin_lock_irq(&iio_dma_buffer_dead_blocks_lock);
131 list_splice_tail_init(&iio_dma_buffer_dead_blocks, &block_list);
132 spin_unlock_irq(&iio_dma_buffer_dead_blocks_lock);
134 list_for_each_entry_safe(block, _block, &block_list, head)
135 iio_buffer_block_release(&block->kref);
137 static DECLARE_WORK(iio_dma_buffer_cleanup_work, iio_dma_buffer_cleanup_worker);
139 static void iio_buffer_block_release_atomic(struct kref *kref)
141 struct iio_dma_buffer_block *block;
144 block = container_of(kref, struct iio_dma_buffer_block, kref);
146 spin_lock_irqsave(&iio_dma_buffer_dead_blocks_lock, flags);
147 list_add_tail(&block->head, &iio_dma_buffer_dead_blocks);
148 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&iio_dma_buffer_dead_blocks_lock, flags);
150 schedule_work(&iio_dma_buffer_cleanup_work);
154 * Version of iio_buffer_block_put() that can be called from atomic context
156 static void iio_buffer_block_put_atomic(struct iio_dma_buffer_block *block)
158 kref_put(&block->kref, iio_buffer_block_release_atomic);
161 static struct iio_dma_buffer_queue *iio_buffer_to_queue(struct iio_buffer *buf)
163 return container_of(buf, struct iio_dma_buffer_queue, buffer);
166 static struct iio_dma_buffer_block *iio_dma_buffer_alloc_block(
167 struct iio_dma_buffer_queue *queue, size_t size)
169 struct iio_dma_buffer_block *block;
171 block = kzalloc(sizeof(*block), GFP_KERNEL);
175 block->vaddr = dma_alloc_coherent(queue->dev, PAGE_ALIGN(size),
176 &block->phys_addr, GFP_KERNEL);
183 block->state = IIO_BLOCK_STATE_DEQUEUED;
184 block->queue = queue;
185 INIT_LIST_HEAD(&block->head);
186 kref_init(&block->kref);
188 iio_buffer_get(&queue->buffer);
193 static void _iio_dma_buffer_block_done(struct iio_dma_buffer_block *block)
195 struct iio_dma_buffer_queue *queue = block->queue;
198 * The buffer has already been freed by the application, just drop the
201 if (block->state != IIO_BLOCK_STATE_DEAD) {
202 block->state = IIO_BLOCK_STATE_DONE;
203 list_add_tail(&block->head, &queue->outgoing);
208 * iio_dma_buffer_block_done() - Indicate that a block has been completed
209 * @block: The completed block
211 * Should be called when the DMA controller has finished handling the block to
212 * pass back ownership of the block to the queue.
214 void iio_dma_buffer_block_done(struct iio_dma_buffer_block *block)
216 struct iio_dma_buffer_queue *queue = block->queue;
219 spin_lock_irqsave(&queue->list_lock, flags);
220 _iio_dma_buffer_block_done(block);
221 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&queue->list_lock, flags);
223 iio_buffer_block_put_atomic(block);
224 wake_up_interruptible_poll(&queue->buffer.pollq, POLLIN | POLLRDNORM);
226 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(iio_dma_buffer_block_done);
229 * iio_dma_buffer_block_list_abort() - Indicate that a list block has been
231 * @queue: Queue for which to complete blocks.
232 * @list: List of aborted blocks. All blocks in this list must be from @queue.
234 * Typically called from the abort() callback after the DMA controller has been
235 * stopped. This will set bytes_used to 0 for each block in the list and then
236 * hand the blocks back to the queue.
238 void iio_dma_buffer_block_list_abort(struct iio_dma_buffer_queue *queue,
239 struct list_head *list)
241 struct iio_dma_buffer_block *block, *_block;
244 spin_lock_irqsave(&queue->list_lock, flags);
245 list_for_each_entry_safe(block, _block, list, head) {
246 list_del(&block->head);
247 block->bytes_used = 0;
248 _iio_dma_buffer_block_done(block);
249 iio_buffer_block_put_atomic(block);
251 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&queue->list_lock, flags);
253 wake_up_interruptible_poll(&queue->buffer.pollq, POLLIN | POLLRDNORM);
255 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(iio_dma_buffer_block_list_abort);
257 static bool iio_dma_block_reusable(struct iio_dma_buffer_block *block)
260 * If the core owns the block it can be re-used. This should be the
261 * default case when enabling the buffer, unless the DMA controller does
262 * not support abort and has not given back the block yet.
264 switch (block->state) {
265 case IIO_BLOCK_STATE_DEQUEUED:
266 case IIO_BLOCK_STATE_QUEUED:
267 case IIO_BLOCK_STATE_DONE:
275 * iio_dma_buffer_request_update() - DMA buffer request_update callback
276 * @buffer: The buffer which to request an update
278 * Should be used as the iio_dma_buffer_request_update() callback for
279 * iio_buffer_access_ops struct for DMA buffers.
281 int iio_dma_buffer_request_update(struct iio_buffer *buffer)
283 struct iio_dma_buffer_queue *queue = iio_buffer_to_queue(buffer);
284 struct iio_dma_buffer_block *block;
285 bool try_reuse = false;
291 * Split the buffer into two even parts. This is used as a double
292 * buffering scheme with usually one block at a time being used by the
293 * DMA and the other one by the application.
295 size = DIV_ROUND_UP(queue->buffer.bytes_per_datum *
296 queue->buffer.length, 2);
298 mutex_lock(&queue->lock);
300 /* Allocations are page aligned */
301 if (PAGE_ALIGN(queue->fileio.block_size) == PAGE_ALIGN(size))
304 queue->fileio.block_size = size;
305 queue->fileio.active_block = NULL;
307 spin_lock_irq(&queue->list_lock);
308 for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(queue->fileio.blocks); i++) {
309 block = queue->fileio.blocks[i];
311 /* If we can't re-use it free it */
312 if (block && (!iio_dma_block_reusable(block) || !try_reuse))
313 block->state = IIO_BLOCK_STATE_DEAD;
317 * At this point all blocks are either owned by the core or marked as
318 * dead. This means we can reset the lists without having to fear
321 INIT_LIST_HEAD(&queue->outgoing);
322 spin_unlock_irq(&queue->list_lock);
324 INIT_LIST_HEAD(&queue->incoming);
326 for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(queue->fileio.blocks); i++) {
327 if (queue->fileio.blocks[i]) {
328 block = queue->fileio.blocks[i];
329 if (block->state == IIO_BLOCK_STATE_DEAD) {
330 /* Could not reuse it */
331 iio_buffer_block_put(block);
341 block = iio_dma_buffer_alloc_block(queue, size);
346 queue->fileio.blocks[i] = block;
349 block->state = IIO_BLOCK_STATE_QUEUED;
350 list_add_tail(&block->head, &queue->incoming);
354 mutex_unlock(&queue->lock);
358 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(iio_dma_buffer_request_update);
360 static void iio_dma_buffer_submit_block(struct iio_dma_buffer_queue *queue,
361 struct iio_dma_buffer_block *block)
366 * If the hardware has already been removed we put the block into
367 * limbo. It will neither be on the incoming nor outgoing list, nor will
368 * it ever complete. It will just wait to be freed eventually.
373 block->state = IIO_BLOCK_STATE_ACTIVE;
374 iio_buffer_block_get(block);
375 ret = queue->ops->submit(queue, block);
378 * This is a bit of a problem and there is not much we can do
379 * other then wait for the buffer to be disabled and re-enabled
380 * and try again. But it should not really happen unless we run
381 * out of memory or something similar.
383 * TODO: Implement support in the IIO core to allow buffers to
384 * notify consumers that something went wrong and the buffer
385 * should be disabled.
387 iio_buffer_block_put(block);
392 * iio_dma_buffer_enable() - Enable DMA buffer
393 * @buffer: IIO buffer to enable
394 * @indio_dev: IIO device the buffer is attached to
396 * Needs to be called when the device that the buffer is attached to starts
397 * sampling. Typically should be the iio_buffer_access_ops enable callback.
399 * This will allocate the DMA buffers and start the DMA transfers.
401 int iio_dma_buffer_enable(struct iio_buffer *buffer,
402 struct iio_dev *indio_dev)
404 struct iio_dma_buffer_queue *queue = iio_buffer_to_queue(buffer);
405 struct iio_dma_buffer_block *block, *_block;
407 mutex_lock(&queue->lock);
408 queue->active = true;
409 list_for_each_entry_safe(block, _block, &queue->incoming, head) {
410 list_del(&block->head);
411 iio_dma_buffer_submit_block(queue, block);
413 mutex_unlock(&queue->lock);
417 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(iio_dma_buffer_enable);
420 * iio_dma_buffer_disable() - Disable DMA buffer
421 * @buffer: IIO DMA buffer to disable
422 * @indio_dev: IIO device the buffer is attached to
424 * Needs to be called when the device that the buffer is attached to stops
425 * sampling. Typically should be the iio_buffer_access_ops disable callback.
427 int iio_dma_buffer_disable(struct iio_buffer *buffer,
428 struct iio_dev *indio_dev)
430 struct iio_dma_buffer_queue *queue = iio_buffer_to_queue(buffer);
432 mutex_lock(&queue->lock);
433 queue->active = false;
435 if (queue->ops && queue->ops->abort)
436 queue->ops->abort(queue);
437 mutex_unlock(&queue->lock);
441 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(iio_dma_buffer_disable);
443 static void iio_dma_buffer_enqueue(struct iio_dma_buffer_queue *queue,
444 struct iio_dma_buffer_block *block)
446 if (block->state == IIO_BLOCK_STATE_DEAD) {
447 iio_buffer_block_put(block);
448 } else if (queue->active) {
449 iio_dma_buffer_submit_block(queue, block);
451 block->state = IIO_BLOCK_STATE_QUEUED;
452 list_add_tail(&block->head, &queue->incoming);
456 static struct iio_dma_buffer_block *iio_dma_buffer_dequeue(
457 struct iio_dma_buffer_queue *queue)
459 struct iio_dma_buffer_block *block;
461 spin_lock_irq(&queue->list_lock);
462 block = list_first_entry_or_null(&queue->outgoing, struct
463 iio_dma_buffer_block, head);
465 list_del(&block->head);
466 block->state = IIO_BLOCK_STATE_DEQUEUED;
468 spin_unlock_irq(&queue->list_lock);
474 * iio_dma_buffer_read() - DMA buffer read callback
475 * @buffer: Buffer to read form
476 * @n: Number of bytes to read
477 * @user_buffer: Userspace buffer to copy the data to
479 * Should be used as the read_first_n callback for iio_buffer_access_ops
480 * struct for DMA buffers.
482 int iio_dma_buffer_read(struct iio_buffer *buffer, size_t n,
483 char __user *user_buffer)
485 struct iio_dma_buffer_queue *queue = iio_buffer_to_queue(buffer);
486 struct iio_dma_buffer_block *block;
489 if (n < buffer->bytes_per_datum)
492 mutex_lock(&queue->lock);
494 if (!queue->fileio.active_block) {
495 block = iio_dma_buffer_dequeue(queue);
500 queue->fileio.pos = 0;
501 queue->fileio.active_block = block;
503 block = queue->fileio.active_block;
506 n = rounddown(n, buffer->bytes_per_datum);
507 if (n > block->bytes_used - queue->fileio.pos)
508 n = block->bytes_used - queue->fileio.pos;
510 if (copy_to_user(user_buffer, block->vaddr + queue->fileio.pos, n)) {
515 queue->fileio.pos += n;
517 if (queue->fileio.pos == block->bytes_used) {
518 queue->fileio.active_block = NULL;
519 iio_dma_buffer_enqueue(queue, block);
525 mutex_unlock(&queue->lock);
529 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(iio_dma_buffer_read);
532 * iio_dma_buffer_data_available() - DMA buffer data_available callback
533 * @buf: Buffer to check for data availability
535 * Should be used as the data_available callback for iio_buffer_access_ops
536 * struct for DMA buffers.
538 size_t iio_dma_buffer_data_available(struct iio_buffer *buf)
540 struct iio_dma_buffer_queue *queue = iio_buffer_to_queue(buf);
541 struct iio_dma_buffer_block *block;
542 size_t data_available = 0;
545 * For counting the available bytes we'll use the size of the block not
546 * the number of actual bytes available in the block. Otherwise it is
547 * possible that we end up with a value that is lower than the watermark
548 * but won't increase since all blocks are in use.
551 mutex_lock(&queue->lock);
552 if (queue->fileio.active_block)
553 data_available += queue->fileio.active_block->size;
555 spin_lock_irq(&queue->list_lock);
556 list_for_each_entry(block, &queue->outgoing, head)
557 data_available += block->size;
558 spin_unlock_irq(&queue->list_lock);
559 mutex_unlock(&queue->lock);
561 return data_available;
563 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(iio_dma_buffer_data_available);
566 * iio_dma_buffer_set_bytes_per_datum() - DMA buffer set_bytes_per_datum callback
567 * @buffer: Buffer to set the bytes-per-datum for
568 * @bpd: The new bytes-per-datum value
570 * Should be used as the set_bytes_per_datum callback for iio_buffer_access_ops
571 * struct for DMA buffers.
573 int iio_dma_buffer_set_bytes_per_datum(struct iio_buffer *buffer, size_t bpd)
575 buffer->bytes_per_datum = bpd;
579 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(iio_dma_buffer_set_bytes_per_datum);
582 * iio_dma_buffer_set_length - DMA buffer set_length callback
583 * @buffer: Buffer to set the length for
584 * @length: The new buffer length
586 * Should be used as the set_length callback for iio_buffer_access_ops
587 * struct for DMA buffers.
589 int iio_dma_buffer_set_length(struct iio_buffer *buffer, int length)
591 /* Avoid an invalid state */
594 buffer->length = length;
595 buffer->watermark = length / 2;
599 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(iio_dma_buffer_set_length);
602 * iio_dma_buffer_init() - Initialize DMA buffer queue
603 * @queue: Buffer to initialize
605 * @ops: DMA buffer queue callback operations
607 * The DMA device will be used by the queue to do DMA memory allocations. So it
608 * should refer to the device that will perform the DMA to ensure that
609 * allocations are done from a memory region that can be accessed by the device.
611 int iio_dma_buffer_init(struct iio_dma_buffer_queue *queue,
612 struct device *dev, const struct iio_dma_buffer_ops *ops)
614 iio_buffer_init(&queue->buffer);
615 queue->buffer.length = PAGE_SIZE;
616 queue->buffer.watermark = queue->buffer.length / 2;
620 INIT_LIST_HEAD(&queue->incoming);
621 INIT_LIST_HEAD(&queue->outgoing);
623 mutex_init(&queue->lock);
624 spin_lock_init(&queue->list_lock);
628 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(iio_dma_buffer_init);
631 * iio_dma_buffer_exit() - Cleanup DMA buffer queue
632 * @queue: Buffer to cleanup
634 * After this function has completed it is safe to free any resources that are
635 * associated with the buffer and are accessed inside the callback operations.
637 void iio_dma_buffer_exit(struct iio_dma_buffer_queue *queue)
641 mutex_lock(&queue->lock);
643 spin_lock_irq(&queue->list_lock);
644 for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(queue->fileio.blocks); i++) {
645 if (!queue->fileio.blocks[i])
647 queue->fileio.blocks[i]->state = IIO_BLOCK_STATE_DEAD;
649 INIT_LIST_HEAD(&queue->outgoing);
650 spin_unlock_irq(&queue->list_lock);
652 INIT_LIST_HEAD(&queue->incoming);
654 for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(queue->fileio.blocks); i++) {
655 if (!queue->fileio.blocks[i])
657 iio_buffer_block_put(queue->fileio.blocks[i]);
658 queue->fileio.blocks[i] = NULL;
660 queue->fileio.active_block = NULL;
663 mutex_unlock(&queue->lock);
665 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(iio_dma_buffer_exit);
668 * iio_dma_buffer_release() - Release final buffer resources
669 * @queue: Buffer to release
671 * Frees resources that can't yet be freed in iio_dma_buffer_exit(). Should be
672 * called in the buffers release callback implementation right before freeing
673 * the memory associated with the buffer.
675 void iio_dma_buffer_release(struct iio_dma_buffer_queue *queue)
677 mutex_destroy(&queue->lock);
679 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(iio_dma_buffer_release);
681 MODULE_AUTHOR("Lars-Peter Clausen <lars@metafoo.de>");
682 MODULE_DESCRIPTION("DMA buffer for the IIO framework");
683 MODULE_LICENSE("GPL v2");