GNU Linux-libre 6.8.7-gnu

[releases.git] / block / blk-core.c

// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
/*
 * Copyright (C) 1991, 1992 Linus Torvalds
 * Copyright (C) 1994,      Karl Keyte: Added support for disk statistics
 * Elevator latency, (C) 2000  Andrea Arcangeli <andrea@suse.de> SuSE
 * Queue request tables / lock, selectable elevator, Jens Axboe <axboe@suse.de>
 * kernel-doc documentation started by NeilBrown <neilb@cse.unsw.edu.au>
 *      -  July2000
 * bio rewrite, highmem i/o, etc, Jens Axboe <axboe@suse.de> - may 2001
 */

/*
 * This handles all read/write requests to block devices
 */
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/bio.h>
#include <linux/blkdev.h>
#include <linux/blk-pm.h>
#include <linux/blk-integrity.h>
#include <linux/highmem.h>
#include <linux/mm.h>
#include <linux/pagemap.h>
#include <linux/kernel_stat.h>
#include <linux/string.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/completion.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/swap.h>
#include <linux/writeback.h>
#include <linux/task_io_accounting_ops.h>
#include <linux/fault-inject.h>
#include <linux/list_sort.h>
#include <linux/delay.h>
#include <linux/ratelimit.h>
#include <linux/pm_runtime.h>
#include <linux/t10-pi.h>
#include <linux/debugfs.h>
#include <linux/bpf.h>
#include <linux/part_stat.h>
#include <linux/sched/sysctl.h>
#include <linux/blk-crypto.h>

#define CREATE_TRACE_POINTS
#include <trace/events/block.h>

#include "blk.h"
#include "blk-mq-sched.h"
#include "blk-pm.h"
#include "blk-cgroup.h"
#include "blk-throttle.h"
#include "blk-ioprio.h"

struct dentry *blk_debugfs_root;

EXPORT_TRACEPOINT_SYMBOL_GPL(block_bio_remap);
EXPORT_TRACEPOINT_SYMBOL_GPL(block_rq_remap);
EXPORT_TRACEPOINT_SYMBOL_GPL(block_bio_complete);
EXPORT_TRACEPOINT_SYMBOL_GPL(block_split);
EXPORT_TRACEPOINT_SYMBOL_GPL(block_unplug);
EXPORT_TRACEPOINT_SYMBOL_GPL(block_rq_insert);

static DEFINE_IDA(blk_queue_ida);

/*
 * For queue allocation
 */
static struct kmem_cache *blk_requestq_cachep;

/*
 * Controlling structure to kblockd
 */
static struct workqueue_struct *kblockd_workqueue;

/**
 * blk_queue_flag_set - atomically set a queue flag
 * @flag: flag to be set
 * @q: request queue
 */
void blk_queue_flag_set(unsigned int flag, struct request_queue *q)
{
        set_bit(flag, &q->queue_flags);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(blk_queue_flag_set);

/**
 * blk_queue_flag_clear - atomically clear a queue flag
 * @flag: flag to be cleared
 * @q: request queue
 */
void blk_queue_flag_clear(unsigned int flag, struct request_queue *q)
{
        clear_bit(flag, &q->queue_flags);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(blk_queue_flag_clear);

/**
 * blk_queue_flag_test_and_set - atomically test and set a queue flag
 * @flag: flag to be set
 * @q: request queue
 *
 * Returns the previous value of @flag - 0 if the flag was not set and 1 if
 * the flag was already set.
 */
bool blk_queue_flag_test_and_set(unsigned int flag, struct request_queue *q)
{
        return test_and_set_bit(flag, &q->queue_flags);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(blk_queue_flag_test_and_set);

#define REQ_OP_NAME(name) [REQ_OP_##name] = #name
static const char *const blk_op_name[] = {
        REQ_OP_NAME(READ),
        REQ_OP_NAME(WRITE),
        REQ_OP_NAME(FLUSH),
        REQ_OP_NAME(DISCARD),
        REQ_OP_NAME(SECURE_ERASE),
        REQ_OP_NAME(ZONE_RESET),
        REQ_OP_NAME(ZONE_RESET_ALL),
        REQ_OP_NAME(ZONE_OPEN),
        REQ_OP_NAME(ZONE_CLOSE),
        REQ_OP_NAME(ZONE_FINISH),
        REQ_OP_NAME(ZONE_APPEND),
        REQ_OP_NAME(WRITE_ZEROES),
        REQ_OP_NAME(DRV_IN),
        REQ_OP_NAME(DRV_OUT),
};
#undef REQ_OP_NAME

/**
 * blk_op_str - Return string XXX in the REQ_OP_XXX.
 * @op: REQ_OP_XXX.
 *
 * Description: Centralize block layer function to convert REQ_OP_XXX into
 * string format. Useful in the debugging and tracing bio or request. For
 * invalid REQ_OP_XXX it returns string "UNKNOWN".
 */
inline const char *blk_op_str(enum req_op op)
{
        const char *op_str = "UNKNOWN";

        if (op < ARRAY_SIZE(blk_op_name) && blk_op_name[op])
                op_str = blk_op_name[op];

        return op_str;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(blk_op_str);

static const struct {
        int             errno;
        const char      *name;
} blk_errors[] = {
        [BLK_STS_OK]            = { 0,          "" },
        [BLK_STS_NOTSUPP]       = { -EOPNOTSUPP, "operation not supported" },
        [BLK_STS_TIMEOUT]       = { -ETIMEDOUT, "timeout" },
        [BLK_STS_NOSPC]         = { -ENOSPC,    "critical space allocation" },
        [BLK_STS_TRANSPORT]     = { -ENOLINK,   "recoverable transport" },
        [BLK_STS_TARGET]        = { -EREMOTEIO, "critical target" },
        [BLK_STS_RESV_CONFLICT] = { -EBADE,     "reservation conflict" },
        [BLK_STS_MEDIUM]        = { -ENODATA,   "critical medium" },
        [BLK_STS_PROTECTION]    = { -EILSEQ,    "protection" },
        [BLK_STS_RESOURCE]      = { -ENOMEM,    "kernel resource" },
        [BLK_STS_DEV_RESOURCE]  = { -EBUSY,     "device resource" },
        [BLK_STS_AGAIN]         = { -EAGAIN,    "nonblocking retry" },
        [BLK_STS_OFFLINE]       = { -ENODEV,    "device offline" },

        /* device mapper special case, should not leak out: */
        [BLK_STS_DM_REQUEUE]    = { -EREMCHG, "dm internal retry" },

        /* zone device specific errors */
        [BLK_STS_ZONE_OPEN_RESOURCE]    = { -ETOOMANYREFS, "open zones exceeded" },
        [BLK_STS_ZONE_ACTIVE_RESOURCE]  = { -EOVERFLOW, "active zones exceeded" },

        /* Command duration limit device-side timeout */
        [BLK_STS_DURATION_LIMIT]        = { -ETIME, "duration limit exceeded" },

        /* everything else not covered above: */
        [BLK_STS_IOERR]         = { -EIO,       "I/O" },
};

blk_status_t errno_to_blk_status(int errno)
{
        int i;

        for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(blk_errors); i++) {
                if (blk_errors[i].errno == errno)
                        return (__force blk_status_t)i;
        }

        return BLK_STS_IOERR;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(errno_to_blk_status);

int blk_status_to_errno(blk_status_t status)
{
        int idx = (__force int)status;

        if (WARN_ON_ONCE(idx >= ARRAY_SIZE(blk_errors)))
                return -EIO;
        return blk_errors[idx].errno;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(blk_status_to_errno);

const char *blk_status_to_str(blk_status_t status)
{
        int idx = (__force int)status;

        if (WARN_ON_ONCE(idx >= ARRAY_SIZE(blk_errors)))
                return "<null>";
        return blk_errors[idx].name;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(blk_status_to_str);

/**
 * blk_sync_queue - cancel any pending callbacks on a queue
 * @q: the queue
 *
 * Description:
 *     The block layer may perform asynchronous callback activity
 *     on a queue, such as calling the unplug function after a timeout.
 *     A block device may call blk_sync_queue to ensure that any
 *     such activity is cancelled, thus allowing it to release resources
 *     that the callbacks might use. The caller must already have made sure
 *     that its ->submit_bio will not re-add plugging prior to calling
 *     this function.
 *
 *     This function does not cancel any asynchronous activity arising
 *     out of elevator or throttling code. That would require elevator_exit()
 *     and blkcg_exit_queue() to be called with queue lock initialized.
 *
 */
void blk_sync_queue(struct request_queue *q)
{
        del_timer_sync(&q->timeout);
        cancel_work_sync(&q->timeout_work);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(blk_sync_queue);

/**
 * blk_set_pm_only - increment pm_only counter
 * @q: request queue pointer
 */
void blk_set_pm_only(struct request_queue *q)
{
        atomic_inc(&q->pm_only);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(blk_set_pm_only);

void blk_clear_pm_only(struct request_queue *q)
{
        int pm_only;

        pm_only = atomic_dec_return(&q->pm_only);
        WARN_ON_ONCE(pm_only < 0);
        if (pm_only == 0)
                wake_up_all(&q->mq_freeze_wq);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(blk_clear_pm_only);

static void blk_free_queue_rcu(struct rcu_head *rcu_head)
{
        struct request_queue *q = container_of(rcu_head,
                        struct request_queue, rcu_head);

        percpu_ref_exit(&q->q_usage_counter);
        kmem_cache_free(blk_requestq_cachep, q);
}

static void blk_free_queue(struct request_queue *q)
{
        blk_free_queue_stats(q->stats);
        if (queue_is_mq(q))
                blk_mq_release(q);

        ida_free(&blk_queue_ida, q->id);
        call_rcu(&q->rcu_head, blk_free_queue_rcu);
}

/**
 * blk_put_queue - decrement the request_queue refcount
 * @q: the request_queue structure to decrement the refcount for
 *
 * Decrements the refcount of the request_queue and free it when the refcount
 * reaches 0.
 */
void blk_put_queue(struct request_queue *q)
{
        if (refcount_dec_and_test(&q->refs))
                blk_free_queue(q);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(blk_put_queue);

void blk_queue_start_drain(struct request_queue *q)
{
        /*
         * When queue DYING flag is set, we need to block new req
         * entering queue, so we call blk_freeze_queue_start() to
         * prevent I/O from crossing blk_queue_enter().
         */
        blk_freeze_queue_start(q);
        if (queue_is_mq(q))
                blk_mq_wake_waiters(q);
        /* Make blk_queue_enter() reexamine the DYING flag. */
        wake_up_all(&q->mq_freeze_wq);
}

/**
 * blk_queue_enter() - try to increase q->q_usage_counter
 * @q: request queue pointer
 * @flags: BLK_MQ_REQ_NOWAIT and/or BLK_MQ_REQ_PM
 */
int blk_queue_enter(struct request_queue *q, blk_mq_req_flags_t flags)
{
        const bool pm = flags & BLK_MQ_REQ_PM;

        while (!blk_try_enter_queue(q, pm)) {
                if (flags & BLK_MQ_REQ_NOWAIT)
                        return -EAGAIN;

                /*
                 * read pair of barrier in blk_freeze_queue_start(), we need to
                 * order reading __PERCPU_REF_DEAD flag of .q_usage_counter and
                 * reading .mq_freeze_depth or queue dying flag, otherwise the
                 * following wait may never return if the two reads are
                 * reordered.
                 */
                smp_rmb();
                wait_event(q->mq_freeze_wq,
                           (!q->mq_freeze_depth &&
                            blk_pm_resume_queue(pm, q)) ||
                           blk_queue_dying(q));
                if (blk_queue_dying(q))
                        return -ENODEV;
        }

        return 0;
}

int __bio_queue_enter(struct request_queue *q, struct bio *bio)
{
        while (!blk_try_enter_queue(q, false)) {
                struct gendisk *disk = bio->bi_bdev->bd_disk;

                if (bio->bi_opf & REQ_NOWAIT) {
                        if (test_bit(GD_DEAD, &disk->state))
                                goto dead;
                        bio_wouldblock_error(bio);
                        return -EAGAIN;
                }

                /*
                 * read pair of barrier in blk_freeze_queue_start(), we need to
                 * order reading __PERCPU_REF_DEAD flag of .q_usage_counter and
                 * reading .mq_freeze_depth or queue dying flag, otherwise the
                 * following wait may never return if the two reads are
                 * reordered.
                 */
                smp_rmb();
                wait_event(q->mq_freeze_wq,
                           (!q->mq_freeze_depth &&
                            blk_pm_resume_queue(false, q)) ||
                           test_bit(GD_DEAD, &disk->state));
                if (test_bit(GD_DEAD, &disk->state))
                        goto dead;
        }

        return 0;
dead:
        bio_io_error(bio);
        return -ENODEV;
}

void blk_queue_exit(struct request_queue *q)
{
        percpu_ref_put(&q->q_usage_counter);
}

static void blk_queue_usage_counter_release(struct percpu_ref *ref)
{
        struct request_queue *q =
                container_of(ref, struct request_queue, q_usage_counter);

        wake_up_all(&q->mq_freeze_wq);
}

static void blk_rq_timed_out_timer(struct timer_list *t)
{
        struct request_queue *q = from_timer(q, t, timeout);

        kblockd_schedule_work(&q->timeout_work);
}

static void blk_timeout_work(struct work_struct *work)
{
}

struct request_queue *blk_alloc_queue(int node_id)
{
        struct request_queue *q;

        q = kmem_cache_alloc_node(blk_requestq_cachep, GFP_KERNEL | __GFP_ZERO,
                                  node_id);
        if (!q)
                return NULL;

        q->last_merge = NULL;

        q->id = ida_alloc(&blk_queue_ida, GFP_KERNEL);
        if (q->id < 0)
                goto fail_q;

        q->stats = blk_alloc_queue_stats();
        if (!q->stats)
                goto fail_id;

        q->node = node_id;

        atomic_set(&q->nr_active_requests_shared_tags, 0);

        timer_setup(&q->timeout, blk_rq_timed_out_timer, 0);
        INIT_WORK(&q->timeout_work, blk_timeout_work);
        INIT_LIST_HEAD(&q->icq_list);

        refcount_set(&q->refs, 1);
        mutex_init(&q->debugfs_mutex);
        mutex_init(&q->sysfs_lock);
        mutex_init(&q->sysfs_dir_lock);
        mutex_init(&q->rq_qos_mutex);
        spin_lock_init(&q->queue_lock);

        init_waitqueue_head(&q->mq_freeze_wq);
        mutex_init(&q->mq_freeze_lock);

        blkg_init_queue(q);

        /*
         * Init percpu_ref in atomic mode so that it's faster to shutdown.
         * See blk_register_queue() for details.
         */
        if (percpu_ref_init(&q->q_usage_counter,
                                blk_queue_usage_counter_release,
                                PERCPU_REF_INIT_ATOMIC, GFP_KERNEL))
                goto fail_stats;

        blk_set_default_limits(&q->limits);
        q->nr_requests = BLKDEV_DEFAULT_RQ;

        return q;

fail_stats:
        blk_free_queue_stats(q->stats);
fail_id:
        ida_free(&blk_queue_ida, q->id);
fail_q:
        kmem_cache_free(blk_requestq_cachep, q);
        return NULL;
}

/**
 * blk_get_queue - increment the request_queue refcount
 * @q: the request_queue structure to increment the refcount for
 *
 * Increment the refcount of the request_queue kobject.
 *
 * Context: Any context.
 */
bool blk_get_queue(struct request_queue *q)
{
        if (unlikely(blk_queue_dying(q)))
                return false;
        refcount_inc(&q->refs);
        return true;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(blk_get_queue);

#ifdef CONFIG_FAIL_MAKE_REQUEST

static DECLARE_FAULT_ATTR(fail_make_request);

static int __init setup_fail_make_request(char *str)
{
        return setup_fault_attr(&fail_make_request, str);
}
__setup("fail_make_request=", setup_fail_make_request);

bool should_fail_request(struct block_device *part, unsigned int bytes)
{
        return part->bd_make_it_fail && should_fail(&fail_make_request, bytes);
}

static int __init fail_make_request_debugfs(void)
{
        struct dentry *dir = fault_create_debugfs_attr("fail_make_request",
                                                NULL, &fail_make_request);

        return PTR_ERR_OR_ZERO(dir);
}

late_initcall(fail_make_request_debugfs);
#endif /* CONFIG_FAIL_MAKE_REQUEST */

static inline void bio_check_ro(struct bio *bio)
{
        if (op_is_write(bio_op(bio)) && bdev_read_only(bio->bi_bdev)) {
                if (op_is_flush(bio->bi_opf) && !bio_sectors(bio))
                        return;

                if (bio->bi_bdev->bd_ro_warned)
                        return;

                bio->bi_bdev->bd_ro_warned = true;
                /*
                 * Use ioctl to set underlying disk of raid/dm to read-only
                 * will trigger this.
                 */
                pr_warn("Trying to write to read-only block-device %pg\n",
                        bio->bi_bdev);
        }
}

static noinline int should_fail_bio(struct bio *bio)
{
        if (should_fail_request(bdev_whole(bio->bi_bdev), bio->bi_iter.bi_size))
                return -EIO;
        return 0;
}
ALLOW_ERROR_INJECTION(should_fail_bio, ERRNO);

/*
 * Check whether this bio extends beyond the end of the device or partition.
 * This may well happen - the kernel calls bread() without checking the size of
 * the device, e.g., when mounting a file system.
 */
static inline int bio_check_eod(struct bio *bio)
{
        sector_t maxsector = bdev_nr_sectors(bio->bi_bdev);
        unsigned int nr_sectors = bio_sectors(bio);

        if (nr_sectors &&
            (nr_sectors > maxsector ||
             bio->bi_iter.bi_sector > maxsector - nr_sectors)) {
                pr_info_ratelimited("%s: attempt to access beyond end of device\n"
                                    "%pg: rw=%d, sector=%llu, nr_sectors = %u limit=%llu\n",
                                    current->comm, bio->bi_bdev, bio->bi_opf,
                                    bio->bi_iter.bi_sector, nr_sectors, maxsector);
                return -EIO;
        }
        return 0;
}

/*
 * Remap block n of partition p to block n+start(p) of the disk.
 */
static int blk_partition_remap(struct bio *bio)
{
        struct block_device *p = bio->bi_bdev;

        if (unlikely(should_fail_request(p, bio->bi_iter.bi_size)))
                return -EIO;
        if (bio_sectors(bio)) {
                bio->bi_iter.bi_sector += p->bd_start_sect;
                trace_block_bio_remap(bio, p->bd_dev,
                                      bio->bi_iter.bi_sector -
                                      p->bd_start_sect);
        }
        bio_set_flag(bio, BIO_REMAPPED);
        return 0;
}

/*
 * Check write append to a zoned block device.
 */
static inline blk_status_t blk_check_zone_append(struct request_queue *q,
                                                 struct bio *bio)
{
        int nr_sectors = bio_sectors(bio);

        /* Only applicable to zoned block devices */
        if (!bdev_is_zoned(bio->bi_bdev))
                return BLK_STS_NOTSUPP;

        /* The bio sector must point to the start of a sequential zone */
        if (!bdev_is_zone_start(bio->bi_bdev, bio->bi_iter.bi_sector) ||
            !bio_zone_is_seq(bio))
                return BLK_STS_IOERR;

        /*
         * Not allowed to cross zone boundaries. Otherwise, the BIO will be
         * split and could result in non-contiguous sectors being written in
         * different zones.
         */
        if (nr_sectors > q->limits.chunk_sectors)
                return BLK_STS_IOERR;

        /* Make sure the BIO is small enough and will not get split */
        if (nr_sectors > q->limits.max_zone_append_sectors)
                return BLK_STS_IOERR;

        bio->bi_opf |= REQ_NOMERGE;

        return BLK_STS_OK;
}

static void __submit_bio(struct bio *bio)
{
        if (unlikely(!blk_crypto_bio_prep(&bio)))
                return;

        if (!bio->bi_bdev->bd_has_submit_bio) {
                blk_mq_submit_bio(bio);
        } else if (likely(bio_queue_enter(bio) == 0)) {
                struct gendisk *disk = bio->bi_bdev->bd_disk;

                disk->fops->submit_bio(bio);
                blk_queue_exit(disk->queue);
        }
}

/*
 * The loop in this function may be a bit non-obvious, and so deserves some
 * explanation:
 *
 *  - Before entering the loop, bio->bi_next is NULL (as all callers ensure
 *    that), so we have a list with a single bio.
 *  - We pretend that we have just taken it off a longer list, so we assign
 *    bio_list to a pointer to the bio_list_on_stack, thus initialising the
 *    bio_list of new bios to be added.  ->submit_bio() may indeed add some more
 *    bios through a recursive call to submit_bio_noacct.  If it did, we find a
 *    non-NULL value in bio_list and re-enter the loop from the top.
 *  - In this case we really did just take the bio of the top of the list (no
 *    pretending) and so remove it from bio_list, and call into ->submit_bio()
 *    again.
 *
 * bio_list_on_stack[0] contains bios submitted by the current ->submit_bio.
 * bio_list_on_stack[1] contains bios that were submitted before the current
 *      ->submit_bio, but that haven't been processed yet.
 */
static void __submit_bio_noacct(struct bio *bio)
{
        struct bio_list bio_list_on_stack[2];

        BUG_ON(bio->bi_next);

        bio_list_init(&bio_list_on_stack[0]);
        current->bio_list = bio_list_on_stack;

        do {
                struct request_queue *q = bdev_get_queue(bio->bi_bdev);
                struct bio_list lower, same;

                /*
                 * Create a fresh bio_list for all subordinate requests.
                 */
                bio_list_on_stack[1] = bio_list_on_stack[0];
                bio_list_init(&bio_list_on_stack[0]);

                __submit_bio(bio);

                /*
                 * Sort new bios into those for a lower level and those for the
                 * same level.
                 */
                bio_list_init(&lower);
                bio_list_init(&same);
                while ((bio = bio_list_pop(&bio_list_on_stack[0])) != NULL)
                        if (q == bdev_get_queue(bio->bi_bdev))
                                bio_list_add(&same, bio);
                        else
                                bio_list_add(&lower, bio);

                /*
                 * Now assemble so we handle the lowest level first.
                 */
                bio_list_merge(&bio_list_on_stack[0], &lower);
                bio_list_merge(&bio_list_on_stack[0], &same);
                bio_list_merge(&bio_list_on_stack[0], &bio_list_on_stack[1]);
        } while ((bio = bio_list_pop(&bio_list_on_stack[0])));

        current->bio_list = NULL;
}

static void __submit_bio_noacct_mq(struct bio *bio)
{
        struct bio_list bio_list[2] = { };

        current->bio_list = bio_list;

        do {
                __submit_bio(bio);
        } while ((bio = bio_list_pop(&bio_list[0])));

        current->bio_list = NULL;
}

void submit_bio_noacct_nocheck(struct bio *bio)
{
        blk_cgroup_bio_start(bio);
        blkcg_bio_issue_init(bio);

        if (!bio_flagged(bio, BIO_TRACE_COMPLETION)) {
                trace_block_bio_queue(bio);
                /*
                 * Now that enqueuing has been traced, we need to trace
                 * completion as well.
                 */
                bio_set_flag(bio, BIO_TRACE_COMPLETION);
        }

        /*
         * We only want one ->submit_bio to be active at a time, else stack
         * usage with stacked devices could be a problem.  Use current->bio_list
         * to collect a list of requests submited by a ->submit_bio method while
         * it is active, and then process them after it returned.
         */
        if (current->bio_list)
                bio_list_add(&current->bio_list[0], bio);
        else if (!bio->bi_bdev->bd_has_submit_bio)
                __submit_bio_noacct_mq(bio);
        else
                __submit_bio_noacct(bio);
}

/**
 * submit_bio_noacct - re-submit a bio to the block device layer for I/O
 * @bio:  The bio describing the location in memory and on the device.
 *
 * This is a version of submit_bio() that shall only be used for I/O that is
 * resubmitted to lower level drivers by stacking block drivers.  All file
 * systems and other upper level users of the block layer should use
 * submit_bio() instead.
 */
void submit_bio_noacct(struct bio *bio)
{
        struct block_device *bdev = bio->bi_bdev;
        struct request_queue *q = bdev_get_queue(bdev);
        blk_status_t status = BLK_STS_IOERR;

        might_sleep();

        /*
         * For a REQ_NOWAIT based request, return -EOPNOTSUPP
         * if queue does not support NOWAIT.
         */
        if ((bio->bi_opf & REQ_NOWAIT) && !bdev_nowait(bdev))
                goto not_supported;

        if (should_fail_bio(bio))
                goto end_io;
        bio_check_ro(bio);
        if (!bio_flagged(bio, BIO_REMAPPED)) {
                if (unlikely(bio_check_eod(bio)))
                        goto end_io;
                if (bdev->bd_partno && unlikely(blk_partition_remap(bio)))
                        goto end_io;
        }

        /*
         * Filter flush bio's early so that bio based drivers without flush
         * support don't have to worry about them.
         */
        if (op_is_flush(bio->bi_opf)) {
                if (WARN_ON_ONCE(bio_op(bio) != REQ_OP_WRITE &&
                                 bio_op(bio) != REQ_OP_ZONE_APPEND))
                        goto end_io;
                if (!test_bit(QUEUE_FLAG_WC, &q->queue_flags)) {
                        bio->bi_opf &= ~(REQ_PREFLUSH | REQ_FUA);
                        if (!bio_sectors(bio)) {
                                status = BLK_STS_OK;
                                goto end_io;
                        }
                }
        }

        if (!test_bit(QUEUE_FLAG_POLL, &q->queue_flags))
                bio_clear_polled(bio);

        switch (bio_op(bio)) {
        case REQ_OP_READ:
        case REQ_OP_WRITE:
                break;
        case REQ_OP_FLUSH:
                /*
                 * REQ_OP_FLUSH can't be submitted through bios, it is only
                 * synthetized in struct request by the flush state machine.
                 */
                goto not_supported;
        case REQ_OP_DISCARD:
                if (!bdev_max_discard_sectors(bdev))
                        goto not_supported;
                break;
        case REQ_OP_SECURE_ERASE:
                if (!bdev_max_secure_erase_sectors(bdev))
                        goto not_supported;
                break;
        case REQ_OP_ZONE_APPEND:
                status = blk_check_zone_append(q, bio);
                if (status != BLK_STS_OK)
                        goto end_io;
                break;
        case REQ_OP_WRITE_ZEROES:
                if (!q->limits.max_write_zeroes_sectors)
                        goto not_supported;
                break;
        case REQ_OP_ZONE_RESET:
        case REQ_OP_ZONE_OPEN:
        case REQ_OP_ZONE_CLOSE:
        case REQ_OP_ZONE_FINISH:
                if (!bdev_is_zoned(bio->bi_bdev))
                        goto not_supported;
                break;
        case REQ_OP_ZONE_RESET_ALL:
                if (!bdev_is_zoned(bio->bi_bdev) || !blk_queue_zone_resetall(q))
                        goto not_supported;
                break;
        case REQ_OP_DRV_IN:
        case REQ_OP_DRV_OUT:
                /*
                 * Driver private operations are only used with passthrough
                 * requests.
                 */
                fallthrough;
        default:
                goto not_supported;
        }

        if (blk_throtl_bio(bio))
                return;
        submit_bio_noacct_nocheck(bio);
        return;

not_supported:
        status = BLK_STS_NOTSUPP;
end_io:
        bio->bi_status = status;
        bio_endio(bio);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(submit_bio_noacct);

static void bio_set_ioprio(struct bio *bio)
{
        /* Nobody set ioprio so far? Initialize it based on task's nice value */
        if (IOPRIO_PRIO_CLASS(bio->bi_ioprio) == IOPRIO_CLASS_NONE)
                bio->bi_ioprio = get_current_ioprio();
        blkcg_set_ioprio(bio);
}

/**
 * submit_bio - submit a bio to the block device layer for I/O
 * @bio: The &struct bio which describes the I/O
 *
 * submit_bio() is used to submit I/O requests to block devices.  It is passed a
 * fully set up &struct bio that describes the I/O that needs to be done.  The
 * bio will be send to the device described by the bi_bdev field.
 *
 * The success/failure status of the request, along with notification of
 * completion, is delivered asynchronously through the ->bi_end_io() callback
 * in @bio.  The bio must NOT be touched by the caller until ->bi_end_io() has
 * been called.
 */
void submit_bio(struct bio *bio)
{
        if (bio_op(bio) == REQ_OP_READ) {
                task_io_account_read(bio->bi_iter.bi_size);
                count_vm_events(PGPGIN, bio_sectors(bio));
        } else if (bio_op(bio) == REQ_OP_WRITE) {
                count_vm_events(PGPGOUT, bio_sectors(bio));
        }

        bio_set_ioprio(bio);
        submit_bio_noacct(bio);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(submit_bio);

/**
 * bio_poll - poll for BIO completions
 * @bio: bio to poll for
 * @iob: batches of IO
 * @flags: BLK_POLL_* flags that control the behavior
 *
 * Poll for completions on queue associated with the bio. Returns number of
 * completed entries found.
 *
 * Note: the caller must either be the context that submitted @bio, or
 * be in a RCU critical section to prevent freeing of @bio.
 */
int bio_poll(struct bio *bio, struct io_comp_batch *iob, unsigned int flags)
{
        blk_qc_t cookie = READ_ONCE(bio->bi_cookie);
        struct block_device *bdev;
        struct request_queue *q;
        int ret = 0;

        bdev = READ_ONCE(bio->bi_bdev);
        if (!bdev)
                return 0;

        q = bdev_get_queue(bdev);
        if (cookie == BLK_QC_T_NONE ||
            !test_bit(QUEUE_FLAG_POLL, &q->queue_flags))
                return 0;

        /*
         * As the requests that require a zone lock are not plugged in the
         * first place, directly accessing the plug instead of using
         * blk_mq_plug() should not have any consequences during flushing for
         * zoned devices.
         */
        blk_flush_plug(current->plug, false);

        /*
         * We need to be able to enter a frozen queue, similar to how
         * timeouts also need to do that. If that is blocked, then we can
         * have pending IO when a queue freeze is started, and then the
         * wait for the freeze to finish will wait for polled requests to
         * timeout as the poller is preventer from entering the queue and
         * completing them. As long as we prevent new IO from being queued,
         * that should be all that matters.
         */
        if (!percpu_ref_tryget(&q->q_usage_counter))
                return 0;
        if (queue_is_mq(q)) {
                ret = blk_mq_poll(q, cookie, iob, flags);
        } else {
                struct gendisk *disk = q->disk;

                if (disk && disk->fops->poll_bio)
                        ret = disk->fops->poll_bio(bio, iob, flags);
        }
        blk_queue_exit(q);
        return ret;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(bio_poll);

/*
 * Helper to implement file_operations.iopoll.  Requires the bio to be stored
 * in iocb->private, and cleared before freeing the bio.
 */
int iocb_bio_iopoll(struct kiocb *kiocb, struct io_comp_batch *iob,
                    unsigned int flags)
{
        struct bio *bio;
        int ret = 0;

        /*
         * Note: the bio cache only uses SLAB_TYPESAFE_BY_RCU, so bio can
         * point to a freshly allocated bio at this point.  If that happens
         * we have a few cases to consider:
         *
         *  1) the bio is beeing initialized and bi_bdev is NULL.  We can just
         *     simply nothing in this case
         *  2) the bio points to a not poll enabled device.  bio_poll will catch
         *     this and return 0
         *  3) the bio points to a poll capable device, including but not
         *     limited to the one that the original bio pointed to.  In this
         *     case we will call into the actual poll method and poll for I/O,
         *     even if we don't need to, but it won't cause harm either.
         *
         * For cases 2) and 3) above the RCU grace period ensures that bi_bdev
         * is still allocated. Because partitions hold a reference to the whole
         * device bdev and thus disk, the disk is also still valid.  Grabbing
         * a reference to the queue in bio_poll() ensures the hctxs and requests
         * are still valid as well.
         */
        rcu_read_lock();
        bio = READ_ONCE(kiocb->private);
        if (bio)
                ret = bio_poll(bio, iob, flags);
        rcu_read_unlock();

        return ret;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(iocb_bio_iopoll);

void update_io_ticks(struct block_device *part, unsigned long now, bool end)
{
        unsigned long stamp;
again:
        stamp = READ_ONCE(part->bd_stamp);
        if (unlikely(time_after(now, stamp))) {
                if (likely(try_cmpxchg(&part->bd_stamp, &stamp, now)))
                        __part_stat_add(part, io_ticks, end ? now - stamp : 1);
        }
        if (part->bd_partno) {
                part = bdev_whole(part);
                goto again;
        }
}

unsigned long bdev_start_io_acct(struct block_device *bdev, enum req_op op,
                                 unsigned long start_time)
{
        part_stat_lock();
        update_io_ticks(bdev, start_time, false);
        part_stat_local_inc(bdev, in_flight[op_is_write(op)]);
        part_stat_unlock();

        return start_time;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(bdev_start_io_acct);

/**
 * bio_start_io_acct - start I/O accounting for bio based drivers
 * @bio:        bio to start account for
 *
 * Returns the start time that should be passed back to bio_end_io_acct().
 */
unsigned long bio_start_io_acct(struct bio *bio)
{
        return bdev_start_io_acct(bio->bi_bdev, bio_op(bio), jiffies);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(bio_start_io_acct);

void bdev_end_io_acct(struct block_device *bdev, enum req_op op,
                      unsigned int sectors, unsigned long start_time)
{
        const int sgrp = op_stat_group(op);
        unsigned long now = READ_ONCE(jiffies);
        unsigned long duration = now - start_time;

        part_stat_lock();
        update_io_ticks(bdev, now, true);
        part_stat_inc(bdev, ios[sgrp]);
        part_stat_add(bdev, sectors[sgrp], sectors);
        part_stat_add(bdev, nsecs[sgrp], jiffies_to_nsecs(duration));
        part_stat_local_dec(bdev, in_flight[op_is_write(op)]);
        part_stat_unlock();
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(bdev_end_io_acct);

void bio_end_io_acct_remapped(struct bio *bio, unsigned long start_time,
                              struct block_device *orig_bdev)
{
        bdev_end_io_acct(orig_bdev, bio_op(bio), bio_sectors(bio), start_time);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(bio_end_io_acct_remapped);

/**
 * blk_lld_busy - Check if underlying low-level drivers of a device are busy
 * @q : the queue of the device being checked
 *
 * Description:
 *    Check if underlying low-level drivers of a device are busy.
 *    If the drivers want to export their busy state, they must set own
 *    exporting function using blk_queue_lld_busy() first.
 *
 *    Basically, this function is used only by request stacking drivers
 *    to stop dispatching requests to underlying devices when underlying
 *    devices are busy.  This behavior helps more I/O merging on the queue
 *    of the request stacking driver and prevents I/O throughput regression
 *    on burst I/O load.
 *
 * Return:
 *    0 - Not busy (The request stacking driver should dispatch request)
 *    1 - Busy (The request stacking driver should stop dispatching request)
 */
int blk_lld_busy(struct request_queue *q)
{
        if (queue_is_mq(q) && q->mq_ops->busy)
                return q->mq_ops->busy(q);

        return 0;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(blk_lld_busy);

int kblockd_schedule_work(struct work_struct *work)
{
        return queue_work(kblockd_workqueue, work);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(kblockd_schedule_work);

int kblockd_mod_delayed_work_on(int cpu, struct delayed_work *dwork,
                                unsigned long delay)
{
        return mod_delayed_work_on(cpu, kblockd_workqueue, dwork, delay);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(kblockd_mod_delayed_work_on);

void blk_start_plug_nr_ios(struct blk_plug *plug, unsigned short nr_ios)
{
        struct task_struct *tsk = current;

        /*
         * If this is a nested plug, don't actually assign it.
         */
        if (tsk->plug)
                return;

        plug->mq_list = NULL;
        plug->cached_rq = NULL;
        plug->nr_ios = min_t(unsigned short, nr_ios, BLK_MAX_REQUEST_COUNT);
        plug->rq_count = 0;
        plug->multiple_queues = false;
        plug->has_elevator = false;
        INIT_LIST_HEAD(&plug->cb_list);

        /*
         * Store ordering should not be needed here, since a potential
         * preempt will imply a full memory barrier
         */
        tsk->plug = plug;
}

/**
 * blk_start_plug - initialize blk_plug and track it inside the task_struct
 * @plug:       The &struct blk_plug that needs to be initialized
 *
 * Description:
 *   blk_start_plug() indicates to the block layer an intent by the caller
 *   to submit multiple I/O requests in a batch.  The block layer may use
 *   this hint to defer submitting I/Os from the caller until blk_finish_plug()
 *   is called.  However, the block layer may choose to submit requests
 *   before a call to blk_finish_plug() if the number of queued I/Os
 *   exceeds %BLK_MAX_REQUEST_COUNT, or if the size of the I/O is larger than
 *   %BLK_PLUG_FLUSH_SIZE.  The queued I/Os may also be submitted early if
 *   the task schedules (see below).
 *
 *   Tracking blk_plug inside the task_struct will help with auto-flushing the
 *   pending I/O should the task end up blocking between blk_start_plug() and
 *   blk_finish_plug(). This is important from a performance perspective, but
 *   also ensures that we don't deadlock. For instance, if the task is blocking
 *   for a memory allocation, memory reclaim could end up wanting to free a
 *   page belonging to that request that is currently residing in our private
 *   plug. By flushing the pending I/O when the process goes to sleep, we avoid
 *   this kind of deadlock.
 */
void blk_start_plug(struct blk_plug *plug)
{
        blk_start_plug_nr_ios(plug, 1);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(blk_start_plug);

static void flush_plug_callbacks(struct blk_plug *plug, bool from_schedule)
{
        LIST_HEAD(callbacks);

        while (!list_empty(&plug->cb_list)) {
                list_splice_init(&plug->cb_list, &callbacks);

                while (!list_empty(&callbacks)) {
                        struct blk_plug_cb *cb = list_first_entry(&callbacks,
                                                          struct blk_plug_cb,
                                                          list);
                        list_del(&cb->list);
                        cb->callback(cb, from_schedule);
                }
        }
}

struct blk_plug_cb *blk_check_plugged(blk_plug_cb_fn unplug, void *data,
                                      int size)
{
        struct blk_plug *plug = current->plug;
        struct blk_plug_cb *cb;

        if (!plug)
                return NULL;

        list_for_each_entry(cb, &plug->cb_list, list)
                if (cb->callback == unplug && cb->data == data)
                        return cb;

        /* Not currently on the callback list */
        BUG_ON(size < sizeof(*cb));
        cb = kzalloc(size, GFP_ATOMIC);
        if (cb) {
                cb->data = data;
                cb->callback = unplug;
                list_add(&cb->list, &plug->cb_list);
        }
        return cb;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(blk_check_plugged);

void __blk_flush_plug(struct blk_plug *plug, bool from_schedule)
{
        if (!list_empty(&plug->cb_list))
                flush_plug_callbacks(plug, from_schedule);
        blk_mq_flush_plug_list(plug, from_schedule);
        /*
         * Unconditionally flush out cached requests, even if the unplug
         * event came from schedule. Since we know hold references to the
         * queue for cached requests, we don't want a blocked task holding
         * up a queue freeze/quiesce event.
         */
        if (unlikely(!rq_list_empty(plug->cached_rq)))
                blk_mq_free_plug_rqs(plug);
}

/**
 * blk_finish_plug - mark the end of a batch of submitted I/O
 * @plug:       The &struct blk_plug passed to blk_start_plug()
 *
 * Description:
 * Indicate that a batch of I/O submissions is complete.  This function
 * must be paired with an initial call to blk_start_plug().  The intent
 * is to allow the block layer to optimize I/O submission.  See the
 * documentation for blk_start_plug() for more information.
 */
void blk_finish_plug(struct blk_plug *plug)
{
        if (plug == current->plug) {
                __blk_flush_plug(plug, false);
                current->plug = NULL;
        }
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(blk_finish_plug);

void blk_io_schedule(void)
{
        /* Prevent hang_check timer from firing at us during very long I/O */
        unsigned long timeout = sysctl_hung_task_timeout_secs * HZ / 2;

        if (timeout)
                io_schedule_timeout(timeout);
        else
                io_schedule();
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(blk_io_schedule);

int __init blk_dev_init(void)
{
        BUILD_BUG_ON((__force u32)REQ_OP_LAST >= (1 << REQ_OP_BITS));
        BUILD_BUG_ON(REQ_OP_BITS + REQ_FLAG_BITS > 8 *
                        sizeof_field(struct request, cmd_flags));
        BUILD_BUG_ON(REQ_OP_BITS + REQ_FLAG_BITS > 8 *
                        sizeof_field(struct bio, bi_opf));

        /* used for unplugging and affects IO latency/throughput - HIGHPRI */
        kblockd_workqueue = alloc_workqueue("kblockd",
                                            WQ_MEM_RECLAIM | WQ_HIGHPRI, 0);
        if (!kblockd_workqueue)
                panic("Failed to create kblockd\n");

        blk_requestq_cachep = kmem_cache_create("request_queue",
                        sizeof(struct request_queue), 0, SLAB_PANIC, NULL);

        blk_debugfs_root = debugfs_create_dir("block", NULL);

        return 0;
}