1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
3 * Copyright (C) 1995 Linus Torvalds
5 * This file contains the setup_arch() code, which handles the architecture-dependent
6 * parts of early kernel initialization.
8 #include <linux/console.h>
9 #include <linux/crash_dump.h>
10 #include <linux/dma-map-ops.h>
11 #include <linux/dmi.h>
12 #include <linux/efi.h>
13 #include <linux/init_ohci1394_dma.h>
14 #include <linux/initrd.h>
15 #include <linux/iscsi_ibft.h>
16 #include <linux/memblock.h>
17 #include <linux/pci.h>
18 #include <linux/root_dev.h>
19 #include <linux/sfi.h>
20 #include <linux/hugetlb.h>
21 #include <linux/tboot.h>
22 #include <linux/usb/xhci-dbgp.h>
23 #include <linux/static_call.h>
24 #include <linux/swiotlb.h>
26 #include <uapi/linux/mount.h>
32 #include <asm/bios_ebda.h>
37 #include <asm/hypervisor.h>
38 #include <asm/io_apic.h>
39 #include <asm/kasan.h>
40 #include <asm/kaslr.h>
43 #include <asm/realmode.h>
44 #include <asm/olpc_ofw.h>
45 #include <asm/pci-direct.h>
47 #include <asm/proto.h>
48 #include <asm/unwind.h>
49 #include <asm/vsyscall.h>
50 #include <linux/vmalloc.h>
53 * max_low_pfn_mapped: highest directly mapped pfn < 4 GB
54 * max_pfn_mapped: highest directly mapped pfn > 4 GB
56 * The direct mapping only covers E820_TYPE_RAM regions, so the ranges and gaps are
57 * represented by pfn_mapped[].
59 unsigned long max_low_pfn_mapped;
60 unsigned long max_pfn_mapped;
63 RESERVE_BRK(dmi_alloc, 65536);
67 unsigned long _brk_start = (unsigned long)__brk_base;
68 unsigned long _brk_end = (unsigned long)__brk_base;
70 struct boot_params boot_params;
73 * These are the four main kernel memory regions, we put them into
74 * the resource tree so that kdump tools and other debugging tools
78 static struct resource rodata_resource = {
79 .name = "Kernel rodata",
82 .flags = IORESOURCE_BUSY | IORESOURCE_SYSTEM_RAM
85 static struct resource data_resource = {
86 .name = "Kernel data",
89 .flags = IORESOURCE_BUSY | IORESOURCE_SYSTEM_RAM
92 static struct resource code_resource = {
93 .name = "Kernel code",
96 .flags = IORESOURCE_BUSY | IORESOURCE_SYSTEM_RAM
99 static struct resource bss_resource = {
100 .name = "Kernel bss",
103 .flags = IORESOURCE_BUSY | IORESOURCE_SYSTEM_RAM
108 /* CPU data as detected by the assembly code in head_32.S */
109 struct cpuinfo_x86 new_cpu_data;
111 /* Common CPU data for all CPUs */
112 struct cpuinfo_x86 boot_cpu_data __read_mostly;
113 EXPORT_SYMBOL(boot_cpu_data);
115 unsigned int def_to_bigsmp;
117 /* For MCA, but anyone else can use it if they want */
118 unsigned int machine_id;
119 unsigned int machine_submodel_id;
120 unsigned int BIOS_revision;
122 struct apm_info apm_info;
123 EXPORT_SYMBOL(apm_info);
125 #if defined(CONFIG_X86_SPEEDSTEP_SMI) || \
126 defined(CONFIG_X86_SPEEDSTEP_SMI_MODULE)
127 struct ist_info ist_info;
128 EXPORT_SYMBOL(ist_info);
130 struct ist_info ist_info;
134 struct cpuinfo_x86 boot_cpu_data __read_mostly;
135 EXPORT_SYMBOL(boot_cpu_data);
139 #if !defined(CONFIG_X86_PAE) || defined(CONFIG_X86_64)
140 __visible unsigned long mmu_cr4_features __ro_after_init;
142 __visible unsigned long mmu_cr4_features __ro_after_init = X86_CR4_PAE;
145 /* Boot loader ID and version as integers, for the benefit of proc_dointvec */
146 int bootloader_type, bootloader_version;
151 struct screen_info screen_info;
152 EXPORT_SYMBOL(screen_info);
153 struct edid_info edid_info;
154 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(edid_info);
156 extern int root_mountflags;
158 unsigned long saved_video_mode;
160 #define RAMDISK_IMAGE_START_MASK 0x07FF
161 #define RAMDISK_PROMPT_FLAG 0x8000
162 #define RAMDISK_LOAD_FLAG 0x4000
164 static char __initdata command_line[COMMAND_LINE_SIZE];
165 #ifdef CONFIG_CMDLINE_BOOL
166 static char __initdata builtin_cmdline[COMMAND_LINE_SIZE] = CONFIG_CMDLINE;
169 #if defined(CONFIG_EDD) || defined(CONFIG_EDD_MODULE)
171 #ifdef CONFIG_EDD_MODULE
175 * copy_edd() - Copy the BIOS EDD information
176 * from boot_params into a safe place.
179 static inline void __init copy_edd(void)
181 memcpy(edd.mbr_signature, boot_params.edd_mbr_sig_buffer,
182 sizeof(edd.mbr_signature));
183 memcpy(edd.edd_info, boot_params.eddbuf, sizeof(edd.edd_info));
184 edd.mbr_signature_nr = boot_params.edd_mbr_sig_buf_entries;
185 edd.edd_info_nr = boot_params.eddbuf_entries;
188 static inline void __init copy_edd(void)
193 void * __init extend_brk(size_t size, size_t align)
195 size_t mask = align - 1;
198 BUG_ON(_brk_start == 0);
199 BUG_ON(align & mask);
201 _brk_end = (_brk_end + mask) & ~mask;
202 BUG_ON((char *)(_brk_end + size) > __brk_limit);
204 ret = (void *)_brk_end;
207 memset(ret, 0, size);
213 static void __init cleanup_highmap(void)
218 static void __init reserve_brk(void)
220 if (_brk_end > _brk_start)
221 memblock_reserve(__pa_symbol(_brk_start),
222 _brk_end - _brk_start);
224 /* Mark brk area as locked down and no longer taking any
229 u64 relocated_ramdisk;
231 #ifdef CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD
233 static u64 __init get_ramdisk_image(void)
235 u64 ramdisk_image = boot_params.hdr.ramdisk_image;
237 ramdisk_image |= (u64)boot_params.ext_ramdisk_image << 32;
239 if (ramdisk_image == 0)
240 ramdisk_image = phys_initrd_start;
242 return ramdisk_image;
244 static u64 __init get_ramdisk_size(void)
246 u64 ramdisk_size = boot_params.hdr.ramdisk_size;
248 ramdisk_size |= (u64)boot_params.ext_ramdisk_size << 32;
250 if (ramdisk_size == 0)
251 ramdisk_size = phys_initrd_size;
256 static void __init relocate_initrd(void)
258 /* Assume only end is not page aligned */
259 u64 ramdisk_image = get_ramdisk_image();
260 u64 ramdisk_size = get_ramdisk_size();
261 u64 area_size = PAGE_ALIGN(ramdisk_size);
263 /* We need to move the initrd down into directly mapped mem */
264 relocated_ramdisk = memblock_phys_alloc_range(area_size, PAGE_SIZE, 0,
265 PFN_PHYS(max_pfn_mapped));
266 if (!relocated_ramdisk)
267 panic("Cannot find place for new RAMDISK of size %lld\n",
270 initrd_start = relocated_ramdisk + PAGE_OFFSET;
271 initrd_end = initrd_start + ramdisk_size;
272 printk(KERN_INFO "Allocated new RAMDISK: [mem %#010llx-%#010llx]\n",
273 relocated_ramdisk, relocated_ramdisk + ramdisk_size - 1);
275 copy_from_early_mem((void *)initrd_start, ramdisk_image, ramdisk_size);
277 printk(KERN_INFO "Move RAMDISK from [mem %#010llx-%#010llx] to"
278 " [mem %#010llx-%#010llx]\n",
279 ramdisk_image, ramdisk_image + ramdisk_size - 1,
280 relocated_ramdisk, relocated_ramdisk + ramdisk_size - 1);
283 static void __init early_reserve_initrd(void)
285 /* Assume only end is not page aligned */
286 u64 ramdisk_image = get_ramdisk_image();
287 u64 ramdisk_size = get_ramdisk_size();
288 u64 ramdisk_end = PAGE_ALIGN(ramdisk_image + ramdisk_size);
290 if (!boot_params.hdr.type_of_loader ||
291 !ramdisk_image || !ramdisk_size)
292 return; /* No initrd provided by bootloader */
294 memblock_reserve(ramdisk_image, ramdisk_end - ramdisk_image);
297 static void __init reserve_initrd(void)
299 /* Assume only end is not page aligned */
300 u64 ramdisk_image = get_ramdisk_image();
301 u64 ramdisk_size = get_ramdisk_size();
302 u64 ramdisk_end = PAGE_ALIGN(ramdisk_image + ramdisk_size);
304 if (!boot_params.hdr.type_of_loader ||
305 !ramdisk_image || !ramdisk_size)
306 return; /* No initrd provided by bootloader */
310 printk(KERN_INFO "RAMDISK: [mem %#010llx-%#010llx]\n", ramdisk_image,
313 if (pfn_range_is_mapped(PFN_DOWN(ramdisk_image),
314 PFN_DOWN(ramdisk_end))) {
315 /* All are mapped, easy case */
316 initrd_start = ramdisk_image + PAGE_OFFSET;
317 initrd_end = initrd_start + ramdisk_size;
323 memblock_free(ramdisk_image, ramdisk_end - ramdisk_image);
327 static void __init early_reserve_initrd(void)
330 static void __init reserve_initrd(void)
333 #endif /* CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD */
335 static void __init parse_setup_data(void)
337 struct setup_data *data;
338 u64 pa_data, pa_next;
340 pa_data = boot_params.hdr.setup_data;
342 u32 data_len, data_type;
344 data = early_memremap(pa_data, sizeof(*data));
345 data_len = data->len + sizeof(struct setup_data);
346 data_type = data->type;
347 pa_next = data->next;
348 early_memunmap(data, sizeof(*data));
352 e820__memory_setup_extended(pa_data, data_len);
358 parse_efi_setup(pa_data, data_len);
367 static void __init memblock_x86_reserve_range_setup_data(void)
369 struct setup_indirect *indirect;
370 struct setup_data *data;
371 u64 pa_data, pa_next;
374 pa_data = boot_params.hdr.setup_data;
376 data = early_memremap(pa_data, sizeof(*data));
378 pr_warn("setup: failed to memremap setup_data entry\n");
383 pa_next = data->next;
385 memblock_reserve(pa_data, sizeof(*data) + data->len);
387 if (data->type == SETUP_INDIRECT) {
389 early_memunmap(data, sizeof(*data));
390 data = early_memremap(pa_data, len);
392 pr_warn("setup: failed to memremap indirect setup_data\n");
396 indirect = (struct setup_indirect *)data->data;
398 if (indirect->type != SETUP_INDIRECT)
399 memblock_reserve(indirect->addr, indirect->len);
403 early_memunmap(data, len);
408 * --------- Crashkernel reservation ------------------------------
411 #ifdef CONFIG_KEXEC_CORE
413 /* 16M alignment for crash kernel regions */
414 #define CRASH_ALIGN SZ_16M
417 * Keep the crash kernel below this limit.
419 * Earlier 32-bits kernels would limit the kernel to the low 512 MB range
420 * due to mapping restrictions.
422 * 64-bit kdump kernels need to be restricted to be under 64 TB, which is
423 * the upper limit of system RAM in 4-level paging mode. Since the kdump
424 * jump could be from 5-level paging to 4-level paging, the jump will fail if
425 * the kernel is put above 64 TB, and during the 1st kernel bootup there's
426 * no good way to detect the paging mode of the target kernel which will be
427 * loaded for dumping.
430 # define CRASH_ADDR_LOW_MAX SZ_512M
431 # define CRASH_ADDR_HIGH_MAX SZ_512M
433 # define CRASH_ADDR_LOW_MAX SZ_4G
434 # define CRASH_ADDR_HIGH_MAX SZ_64T
437 static int __init reserve_crashkernel_low(void)
440 unsigned long long base, low_base = 0, low_size = 0;
441 unsigned long low_mem_limit;
444 low_mem_limit = min(memblock_phys_mem_size(), CRASH_ADDR_LOW_MAX);
446 /* crashkernel=Y,low */
447 ret = parse_crashkernel_low(boot_command_line, low_mem_limit, &low_size, &base);
450 * two parts from kernel/dma/swiotlb.c:
451 * -swiotlb size: user-specified with swiotlb= or default.
453 * -swiotlb overflow buffer: now hardcoded to 32k. We round it
454 * to 8M for other buffers that may need to stay low too. Also
455 * make sure we allocate enough extra low memory so that we
456 * don't run out of DMA buffers for 32-bit devices.
458 low_size = max(swiotlb_size_or_default() + (8UL << 20), 256UL << 20);
460 /* passed with crashkernel=0,low ? */
465 low_base = memblock_phys_alloc_range(low_size, CRASH_ALIGN, 0, CRASH_ADDR_LOW_MAX);
467 pr_err("Cannot reserve %ldMB crashkernel low memory, please try smaller size.\n",
468 (unsigned long)(low_size >> 20));
472 pr_info("Reserving %ldMB of low memory at %ldMB for crashkernel (low RAM limit: %ldMB)\n",
473 (unsigned long)(low_size >> 20),
474 (unsigned long)(low_base >> 20),
475 (unsigned long)(low_mem_limit >> 20));
477 crashk_low_res.start = low_base;
478 crashk_low_res.end = low_base + low_size - 1;
479 insert_resource(&iomem_resource, &crashk_low_res);
484 static void __init reserve_crashkernel(void)
486 unsigned long long crash_size, crash_base, total_mem;
490 total_mem = memblock_phys_mem_size();
493 ret = parse_crashkernel(boot_command_line, total_mem, &crash_size, &crash_base);
494 if (ret != 0 || crash_size <= 0) {
495 /* crashkernel=X,high */
496 ret = parse_crashkernel_high(boot_command_line, total_mem,
497 &crash_size, &crash_base);
498 if (ret != 0 || crash_size <= 0)
503 if (xen_pv_domain()) {
504 pr_info("Ignoring crashkernel for a Xen PV domain\n");
508 /* 0 means: find the address automatically */
511 * Set CRASH_ADDR_LOW_MAX upper bound for crash memory,
512 * crashkernel=x,high reserves memory over 4G, also allocates
513 * 256M extra low memory for DMA buffers and swiotlb.
514 * But the extra memory is not required for all machines.
515 * So try low memory first and fall back to high memory
516 * unless "crashkernel=size[KMG],high" is specified.
519 crash_base = memblock_phys_alloc_range(crash_size,
520 CRASH_ALIGN, CRASH_ALIGN,
523 crash_base = memblock_phys_alloc_range(crash_size,
524 CRASH_ALIGN, CRASH_ALIGN,
525 CRASH_ADDR_HIGH_MAX);
527 pr_info("crashkernel reservation failed - No suitable area found.\n");
531 unsigned long long start;
533 start = memblock_phys_alloc_range(crash_size, SZ_1M, crash_base,
534 crash_base + crash_size);
535 if (start != crash_base) {
536 pr_info("crashkernel reservation failed - memory is in use.\n");
541 if (crash_base >= (1ULL << 32) && reserve_crashkernel_low()) {
542 memblock_free(crash_base, crash_size);
546 pr_info("Reserving %ldMB of memory at %ldMB for crashkernel (System RAM: %ldMB)\n",
547 (unsigned long)(crash_size >> 20),
548 (unsigned long)(crash_base >> 20),
549 (unsigned long)(total_mem >> 20));
551 crashk_res.start = crash_base;
552 crashk_res.end = crash_base + crash_size - 1;
553 insert_resource(&iomem_resource, &crashk_res);
556 static void __init reserve_crashkernel(void)
561 static struct resource standard_io_resources[] = {
562 { .name = "dma1", .start = 0x00, .end = 0x1f,
563 .flags = IORESOURCE_BUSY | IORESOURCE_IO },
564 { .name = "pic1", .start = 0x20, .end = 0x21,
565 .flags = IORESOURCE_BUSY | IORESOURCE_IO },
566 { .name = "timer0", .start = 0x40, .end = 0x43,
567 .flags = IORESOURCE_BUSY | IORESOURCE_IO },
568 { .name = "timer1", .start = 0x50, .end = 0x53,
569 .flags = IORESOURCE_BUSY | IORESOURCE_IO },
570 { .name = "keyboard", .start = 0x60, .end = 0x60,
571 .flags = IORESOURCE_BUSY | IORESOURCE_IO },
572 { .name = "keyboard", .start = 0x64, .end = 0x64,
573 .flags = IORESOURCE_BUSY | IORESOURCE_IO },
574 { .name = "dma page reg", .start = 0x80, .end = 0x8f,
575 .flags = IORESOURCE_BUSY | IORESOURCE_IO },
576 { .name = "pic2", .start = 0xa0, .end = 0xa1,
577 .flags = IORESOURCE_BUSY | IORESOURCE_IO },
578 { .name = "dma2", .start = 0xc0, .end = 0xdf,
579 .flags = IORESOURCE_BUSY | IORESOURCE_IO },
580 { .name = "fpu", .start = 0xf0, .end = 0xff,
581 .flags = IORESOURCE_BUSY | IORESOURCE_IO }
584 void __init reserve_standard_io_resources(void)
588 /* request I/O space for devices used on all i[345]86 PCs */
589 for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(standard_io_resources); i++)
590 request_resource(&ioport_resource, &standard_io_resources[i]);
594 static __init void reserve_ibft_region(void)
596 unsigned long addr, size = 0;
598 addr = find_ibft_region(&size);
601 memblock_reserve(addr, size);
604 static bool __init snb_gfx_workaround_needed(void)
609 static const __initconst u16 snb_ids[] = {
619 /* Assume no if something weird is going on with PCI */
620 if (!early_pci_allowed())
623 vendor = read_pci_config_16(0, 2, 0, PCI_VENDOR_ID);
624 if (vendor != 0x8086)
627 devid = read_pci_config_16(0, 2, 0, PCI_DEVICE_ID);
628 for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(snb_ids); i++)
629 if (devid == snb_ids[i])
637 * Sandy Bridge graphics has trouble with certain ranges, exclude
638 * them from allocation.
640 static void __init trim_snb_memory(void)
642 static const __initconst unsigned long bad_pages[] = {
651 if (!snb_gfx_workaround_needed())
654 printk(KERN_DEBUG "reserving inaccessible SNB gfx pages\n");
657 * Reserve all memory below the 1 MB mark that has not
658 * already been reserved.
660 memblock_reserve(0, 1<<20);
662 for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(bad_pages); i++) {
663 if (memblock_reserve(bad_pages[i], PAGE_SIZE))
664 printk(KERN_WARNING "failed to reserve 0x%08lx\n",
670 * Here we put platform-specific memory range workarounds, i.e.
671 * memory known to be corrupt or otherwise in need to be reserved on
672 * specific platforms.
674 * If this gets used more widely it could use a real dispatch mechanism.
676 static void __init trim_platform_memory_ranges(void)
681 static void __init trim_bios_range(void)
684 * A special case is the first 4Kb of memory;
685 * This is a BIOS owned area, not kernel ram, but generally
686 * not listed as such in the E820 table.
688 * This typically reserves additional memory (64KiB by default)
689 * since some BIOSes are known to corrupt low memory. See the
690 * Kconfig help text for X86_RESERVE_LOW.
692 e820__range_update(0, PAGE_SIZE, E820_TYPE_RAM, E820_TYPE_RESERVED);
695 * special case: Some BIOSes report the PC BIOS
696 * area (640Kb -> 1Mb) as RAM even though it is not.
699 e820__range_remove(BIOS_BEGIN, BIOS_END - BIOS_BEGIN, E820_TYPE_RAM, 1);
701 e820__update_table(e820_table);
704 /* called before trim_bios_range() to spare extra sanitize */
705 static void __init e820_add_kernel_range(void)
707 u64 start = __pa_symbol(_text);
708 u64 size = __pa_symbol(_end) - start;
711 * Complain if .text .data and .bss are not marked as E820_TYPE_RAM and
712 * attempt to fix it by adding the range. We may have a confused BIOS,
713 * or the user may have used memmap=exactmap or memmap=xxM$yyM to
714 * exclude kernel range. If we really are running on top non-RAM,
715 * we will crash later anyways.
717 if (e820__mapped_all(start, start + size, E820_TYPE_RAM))
720 pr_warn(".text .data .bss are not marked as E820_TYPE_RAM!\n");
721 e820__range_remove(start, size, E820_TYPE_RAM, 0);
722 e820__range_add(start, size, E820_TYPE_RAM);
725 static unsigned reserve_low = CONFIG_X86_RESERVE_LOW << 10;
727 static int __init parse_reservelow(char *p)
729 unsigned long long size;
734 size = memparse(p, &p);
747 early_param("reservelow", parse_reservelow);
749 static void __init trim_low_memory_range(void)
751 memblock_reserve(0, ALIGN(reserve_low, PAGE_SIZE));
755 * Dump out kernel offset information on panic.
758 dump_kernel_offset(struct notifier_block *self, unsigned long v, void *p)
760 if (kaslr_enabled()) {
761 pr_emerg("Kernel Offset: 0x%lx from 0x%lx (relocation range: 0x%lx-0x%lx)\n",
767 pr_emerg("Kernel Offset: disabled\n");
774 * Determine if we were loaded by an EFI loader. If so, then we have also been
775 * passed the efi memmap, systab, etc., so we should use these data structures
776 * for initialization. Note, the efi init code path is determined by the
777 * global efi_enabled. This allows the same kernel image to be used on existing
778 * systems (with a traditional BIOS) as well as on EFI systems.
781 * setup_arch - architecture-specific boot-time initializations
783 * Note: On x86_64, fixmaps are ready for use even before this is called.
786 void __init setup_arch(char **cmdline_p)
789 * Reserve the memory occupied by the kernel between _text and
790 * __end_of_kernel_reserve symbols. Any kernel sections after the
791 * __end_of_kernel_reserve symbol must be explicitly reserved with a
792 * separate memblock_reserve() or they will be discarded.
794 memblock_reserve(__pa_symbol(_text),
795 (unsigned long)__end_of_kernel_reserve - (unsigned long)_text);
798 * Make sure page 0 is always reserved because on systems with
799 * L1TF its contents can be leaked to user processes.
801 memblock_reserve(0, PAGE_SIZE);
803 early_reserve_initrd();
806 * At this point everything still needed from the boot loader
807 * or BIOS or kernel text should be early reserved or marked not
808 * RAM in e820. All other memory is free game.
812 memcpy(&boot_cpu_data, &new_cpu_data, sizeof(new_cpu_data));
815 * copy kernel address range established so far and switch
816 * to the proper swapper page table
818 clone_pgd_range(swapper_pg_dir + KERNEL_PGD_BOUNDARY,
819 initial_page_table + KERNEL_PGD_BOUNDARY,
822 load_cr3(swapper_pg_dir);
824 * Note: Quark X1000 CPUs advertise PGE incorrectly and require
825 * a cr3 based tlb flush, so the following __flush_tlb_all()
826 * will not flush anything because the CPU quirk which clears
827 * X86_FEATURE_PGE has not been invoked yet. Though due to the
828 * load_cr3() above the TLB has been flushed already. The
829 * quirk is invoked before subsequent calls to __flush_tlb_all()
830 * so proper operation is guaranteed.
834 printk(KERN_INFO "Command line: %s\n", boot_command_line);
835 boot_cpu_data.x86_phys_bits = MAX_PHYSMEM_BITS;
839 * If we have OLPC OFW, we might end up relocating the fixmap due to
840 * reserve_top(), so do this before touching the ioremap area.
844 idt_setup_early_traps();
846 arch_init_ideal_nops();
849 early_ioremap_init();
851 setup_olpc_ofw_pgd();
853 ROOT_DEV = old_decode_dev(boot_params.hdr.root_dev);
854 screen_info = boot_params.screen_info;
855 edid_info = boot_params.edid_info;
857 apm_info.bios = boot_params.apm_bios_info;
858 ist_info = boot_params.ist_info;
860 saved_video_mode = boot_params.hdr.vid_mode;
861 bootloader_type = boot_params.hdr.type_of_loader;
862 if ((bootloader_type >> 4) == 0xe) {
863 bootloader_type &= 0xf;
864 bootloader_type |= (boot_params.hdr.ext_loader_type+0x10) << 4;
866 bootloader_version = bootloader_type & 0xf;
867 bootloader_version |= boot_params.hdr.ext_loader_ver << 4;
869 #ifdef CONFIG_BLK_DEV_RAM
870 rd_image_start = boot_params.hdr.ram_size & RAMDISK_IMAGE_START_MASK;
873 if (!strncmp((char *)&boot_params.efi_info.efi_loader_signature,
874 EFI32_LOADER_SIGNATURE, 4)) {
875 set_bit(EFI_BOOT, &efi.flags);
876 } else if (!strncmp((char *)&boot_params.efi_info.efi_loader_signature,
877 EFI64_LOADER_SIGNATURE, 4)) {
878 set_bit(EFI_BOOT, &efi.flags);
879 set_bit(EFI_64BIT, &efi.flags);
883 x86_init.oem.arch_setup();
885 iomem_resource.end = (1ULL << boot_cpu_data.x86_phys_bits) - 1;
886 e820__memory_setup();
891 if (!boot_params.hdr.root_flags)
892 root_mountflags &= ~MS_RDONLY;
893 init_mm.start_code = (unsigned long) _text;
894 init_mm.end_code = (unsigned long) _etext;
895 init_mm.end_data = (unsigned long) _edata;
896 init_mm.brk = _brk_end;
898 code_resource.start = __pa_symbol(_text);
899 code_resource.end = __pa_symbol(_etext)-1;
900 rodata_resource.start = __pa_symbol(__start_rodata);
901 rodata_resource.end = __pa_symbol(__end_rodata)-1;
902 data_resource.start = __pa_symbol(_sdata);
903 data_resource.end = __pa_symbol(_edata)-1;
904 bss_resource.start = __pa_symbol(__bss_start);
905 bss_resource.end = __pa_symbol(__bss_stop)-1;
907 #ifdef CONFIG_CMDLINE_BOOL
908 #ifdef CONFIG_CMDLINE_OVERRIDE
909 strlcpy(boot_command_line, builtin_cmdline, COMMAND_LINE_SIZE);
911 if (builtin_cmdline[0]) {
912 /* append boot loader cmdline to builtin */
913 strlcat(builtin_cmdline, " ", COMMAND_LINE_SIZE);
914 strlcat(builtin_cmdline, boot_command_line, COMMAND_LINE_SIZE);
915 strlcpy(boot_command_line, builtin_cmdline, COMMAND_LINE_SIZE);
920 strlcpy(command_line, boot_command_line, COMMAND_LINE_SIZE);
921 *cmdline_p = command_line;
924 * x86_configure_nx() is called before parse_early_param() to detect
925 * whether hardware doesn't support NX (so that the early EHCI debug
926 * console setup can safely call set_fixmap()). It may then be called
927 * again from within noexec_setup() during parsing early parameters
928 * to honor the respective command line option.
934 if (efi_enabled(EFI_BOOT))
935 efi_memblock_x86_reserve_range();
936 #ifdef CONFIG_MEMORY_HOTPLUG
938 * Memory used by the kernel cannot be hot-removed because Linux
939 * cannot migrate the kernel pages. When memory hotplug is
940 * enabled, we should prevent memblock from allocating memory
943 * ACPI SRAT records all hotpluggable memory ranges. But before
944 * SRAT is parsed, we don't know about it.
946 * The kernel image is loaded into memory at very early time. We
947 * cannot prevent this anyway. So on NUMA system, we set any
948 * node the kernel resides in as un-hotpluggable.
950 * Since on modern servers, one node could have double-digit
951 * gigabytes memory, we can assume the memory around the kernel
952 * image is also un-hotpluggable. So before SRAT is parsed, just
953 * allocate memory near the kernel image to try the best to keep
954 * the kernel away from hotpluggable memory.
956 if (movable_node_is_enabled())
957 memblock_set_bottom_up(true);
962 /* after early param, so could get panic from serial */
963 memblock_x86_reserve_range_setup_data();
965 if (acpi_mps_check()) {
966 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_LOCAL_APIC
969 setup_clear_cpu_cap(X86_FEATURE_APIC);
972 e820__reserve_setup_data();
973 e820__finish_early_params();
975 if (efi_enabled(EFI_BOOT))
981 * VMware detection requires dmi to be available, so this
982 * needs to be done after dmi_setup(), for the boot CPU.
984 init_hypervisor_platform();
987 x86_init.resources.probe_roms();
989 /* after parse_early_param, so could debug it */
990 insert_resource(&iomem_resource, &code_resource);
991 insert_resource(&iomem_resource, &rodata_resource);
992 insert_resource(&iomem_resource, &data_resource);
993 insert_resource(&iomem_resource, &bss_resource);
995 e820_add_kernel_range();
998 if (ppro_with_ram_bug()) {
999 e820__range_update(0x70000000ULL, 0x40000ULL, E820_TYPE_RAM,
1000 E820_TYPE_RESERVED);
1001 e820__update_table(e820_table);
1002 printk(KERN_INFO "fixed physical RAM map:\n");
1003 e820__print_table("bad_ppro");
1006 early_gart_iommu_check();
1010 * partially used pages are not usable - thus
1011 * we are rounding upwards:
1013 max_pfn = e820__end_of_ram_pfn();
1015 /* update e820 for memory not covered by WB MTRRs */
1017 if (mtrr_trim_uncached_memory(max_pfn))
1018 max_pfn = e820__end_of_ram_pfn();
1020 max_possible_pfn = max_pfn;
1023 * This call is required when the CPU does not support PAT. If
1024 * mtrr_bp_init() invoked it already via pat_init() the call has no
1030 * Define random base addresses for memory sections after max_pfn is
1031 * defined and before each memory section base is used.
1033 kernel_randomize_memory();
1035 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_32
1036 /* max_low_pfn get updated here */
1037 find_low_pfn_range();
1041 /* How many end-of-memory variables you have, grandma! */
1042 /* need this before calling reserve_initrd */
1043 if (max_pfn > (1UL<<(32 - PAGE_SHIFT)))
1044 max_low_pfn = e820__end_of_low_ram_pfn();
1046 max_low_pfn = max_pfn;
1048 high_memory = (void *)__va(max_pfn * PAGE_SIZE - 1) + 1;
1052 * Find and reserve possible boot-time SMP configuration:
1056 reserve_ibft_region();
1058 early_alloc_pgt_buf();
1061 * Need to conclude brk, before e820__memblock_setup()
1062 * it could use memblock_find_in_range, could overlap with
1069 memblock_set_current_limit(ISA_END_ADDRESS);
1070 e820__memblock_setup();
1072 reserve_bios_regions();
1077 efi_mokvar_table_init();
1080 * The EFI specification says that boot service code won't be
1081 * called after ExitBootServices(). This is, in fact, a lie.
1083 efi_reserve_boot_services();
1085 /* preallocate 4k for mptable mpc */
1086 e820__memblock_alloc_reserved_mpc_new();
1088 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_CHECK_BIOS_CORRUPTION
1089 setup_bios_corruption_check();
1092 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_32
1093 printk(KERN_DEBUG "initial memory mapped: [mem 0x00000000-%#010lx]\n",
1094 (max_pfn_mapped<<PAGE_SHIFT) - 1);
1097 reserve_real_mode();
1099 trim_platform_memory_ranges();
1100 trim_low_memory_range();
1104 idt_setup_early_pf();
1107 * Update mmu_cr4_features (and, indirectly, trampoline_cr4_features)
1108 * with the current CR4 value. This may not be necessary, but
1109 * auditing all the early-boot CR4 manipulation would be needed to
1112 * Mask off features that don't work outside long mode (just
1115 mmu_cr4_features = __read_cr4() & ~X86_CR4_PCIDE;
1117 memblock_set_current_limit(get_max_mapped());
1120 * NOTE: On x86-32, only from this point on, fixmaps are ready for use.
1123 #ifdef CONFIG_PROVIDE_OHCI1394_DMA_INIT
1124 if (init_ohci1394_dma_early)
1125 init_ohci1394_dma_on_all_controllers();
1127 /* Allocate bigger log buffer */
1130 if (efi_enabled(EFI_BOOT)) {
1131 switch (boot_params.secure_boot) {
1132 case efi_secureboot_mode_disabled:
1133 pr_info("Secure boot disabled\n");
1135 case efi_secureboot_mode_enabled:
1136 pr_info("Secure boot enabled\n");
1139 pr_info("Secure boot could not be determined\n");
1146 acpi_table_upgrade();
1147 /* Look for ACPI tables and reserve memory occupied by them. */
1148 acpi_boot_table_init();
1154 early_platform_quirks();
1156 early_acpi_boot_init();
1159 dma_contiguous_reserve(max_pfn_mapped << PAGE_SHIFT);
1161 if (boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_GBPAGES))
1162 hugetlb_cma_reserve(PUD_SHIFT - PAGE_SHIFT);
1165 * Reserve memory for crash kernel after SRAT is parsed so that it
1166 * won't consume hotpluggable memory.
1168 reserve_crashkernel();
1170 memblock_find_dma_reserve();
1172 if (!early_xdbc_setup_hardware())
1173 early_xdbc_register_console();
1175 x86_init.paging.pagetable_init();
1180 * Sync back kernel address range.
1182 * FIXME: Can the later sync in setup_cpu_entry_areas() replace
1185 sync_initial_page_table();
1191 generic_apic_probe();
1196 * Read APIC and some other early information from ACPI tables.
1203 * get boot-time SMP configuration:
1208 * Systems w/o ACPI and mptables might not have it mapped the local
1209 * APIC yet, but prefill_possible_map() might need to access it.
1211 init_apic_mappings();
1213 prefill_possible_map();
1218 io_apic_init_mappings();
1220 x86_init.hyper.guest_late_init();
1222 e820__reserve_resources();
1223 e820__register_nosave_regions(max_pfn);
1225 x86_init.resources.reserve_resources();
1227 e820__setup_pci_gap();
1230 #if defined(CONFIG_VGA_CONSOLE)
1231 if (!efi_enabled(EFI_BOOT) || (efi_mem_type(0xa0000) != EFI_CONVENTIONAL_MEMORY))
1232 conswitchp = &vga_con;
1235 x86_init.oem.banner();
1237 x86_init.timers.wallclock_init();
1241 register_refined_jiffies(CLOCK_TICK_RATE);
1244 if (efi_enabled(EFI_BOOT))
1245 efi_apply_memmap_quirks();
1251 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_32
1253 static struct resource video_ram_resource = {
1254 .name = "Video RAM area",
1257 .flags = IORESOURCE_BUSY | IORESOURCE_MEM
1260 void __init i386_reserve_resources(void)
1262 request_resource(&iomem_resource, &video_ram_resource);
1263 reserve_standard_io_resources();
1266 #endif /* CONFIG_X86_32 */
1268 static struct notifier_block kernel_offset_notifier = {
1269 .notifier_call = dump_kernel_offset
1272 static int __init register_kernel_offset_dumper(void)
1274 atomic_notifier_chain_register(&panic_notifier_list,
1275 &kernel_offset_notifier);
1278 __initcall(register_kernel_offset_dumper);