1 /* ----------------------------------------------------------------------- *
3 * Copyright 2014 Intel Corporation; author: H. Peter Anvin
5 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
6 * under the terms and conditions of the GNU General Public License,
7 * version 2, as published by the Free Software Foundation.
9 * This program is distributed in the hope it will be useful, but WITHOUT
10 * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
11 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for
14 * ----------------------------------------------------------------------- */
17 * The IRET instruction, when returning to a 16-bit segment, only
18 * restores the bottom 16 bits of the user space stack pointer. This
19 * causes some 16-bit software to break, but it also leaks kernel state
22 * This works around this by creating percpu "ministacks", each of which
23 * is mapped 2^16 times 64K apart. When we detect that the return SS is
24 * on the LDT, we copy the IRET frame to the ministack and use the
25 * relevant alias to return to userspace. The ministacks are mapped
26 * readonly, so if the IRET fault we promote #GP to #DF which is an IST
27 * vector and thus has its own stack; we then do the fixup in the #DF
30 * This file sets up the ministacks and the related page tables. The
31 * actual ministack invocation is in entry_64.S.
34 #include <linux/init.h>
35 #include <linux/init_task.h>
36 #include <linux/kernel.h>
37 #include <linux/percpu.h>
38 #include <linux/gfp.h>
39 #include <linux/random.h>
40 #include <asm/pgtable.h>
41 #include <asm/pgalloc.h>
42 #include <asm/setup.h>
43 #include <asm/espfix.h>
46 * Note: we only need 6*8 = 48 bytes for the espfix stack, but round
47 * it up to a cache line to avoid unnecessary sharing.
49 #define ESPFIX_STACK_SIZE (8*8UL)
50 #define ESPFIX_STACKS_PER_PAGE (PAGE_SIZE/ESPFIX_STACK_SIZE)
52 /* There is address space for how many espfix pages? */
53 #define ESPFIX_PAGE_SPACE (1UL << (P4D_SHIFT-PAGE_SHIFT-16))
55 #define ESPFIX_MAX_CPUS (ESPFIX_STACKS_PER_PAGE * ESPFIX_PAGE_SPACE)
56 #if CONFIG_NR_CPUS > ESPFIX_MAX_CPUS
57 # error "Need more virtual address space for the ESPFIX hack"
60 #define PGALLOC_GFP (GFP_KERNEL | __GFP_ZERO)
62 /* This contains the *bottom* address of the espfix stack */
63 DEFINE_PER_CPU_READ_MOSTLY(unsigned long, espfix_stack);
64 DEFINE_PER_CPU_READ_MOSTLY(unsigned long, espfix_waddr);
66 /* Initialization mutex - should this be a spinlock? */
67 static DEFINE_MUTEX(espfix_init_mutex);
69 /* Page allocation bitmap - each page serves ESPFIX_STACKS_PER_PAGE CPUs */
70 #define ESPFIX_MAX_PAGES DIV_ROUND_UP(CONFIG_NR_CPUS, ESPFIX_STACKS_PER_PAGE)
71 static void *espfix_pages[ESPFIX_MAX_PAGES];
73 static __page_aligned_bss pud_t espfix_pud_page[PTRS_PER_PUD]
76 static unsigned int page_random, slot_random;
79 * This returns the bottom address of the espfix stack for a specific CPU.
80 * The math allows for a non-power-of-two ESPFIX_STACK_SIZE, in which case
81 * we have to account for some amount of padding at the end of each page.
83 static inline unsigned long espfix_base_addr(unsigned int cpu)
85 unsigned long page, slot;
88 page = (cpu / ESPFIX_STACKS_PER_PAGE) ^ page_random;
89 slot = (cpu + slot_random) % ESPFIX_STACKS_PER_PAGE;
90 addr = (page << PAGE_SHIFT) + (slot * ESPFIX_STACK_SIZE);
91 addr = (addr & 0xffffUL) | ((addr & ~0xffffUL) << 16);
92 addr += ESPFIX_BASE_ADDR;
96 #define PTE_STRIDE (65536/PAGE_SIZE)
97 #define ESPFIX_PTE_CLONES (PTRS_PER_PTE/PTE_STRIDE)
98 #define ESPFIX_PMD_CLONES PTRS_PER_PMD
99 #define ESPFIX_PUD_CLONES (65536/(ESPFIX_PTE_CLONES*ESPFIX_PMD_CLONES))
101 #define PGTABLE_PROT ((_KERNPG_TABLE & ~_PAGE_RW) | _PAGE_NX)
103 static void init_espfix_random(void)
108 * This is run before the entropy pools are initialized,
109 * but this is hopefully better than nothing.
111 if (!arch_get_random_long(&rand)) {
112 /* The constant is an arbitrary large prime */
114 rand *= 0xc345c6b72fd16123UL;
117 slot_random = rand % ESPFIX_STACKS_PER_PAGE;
118 page_random = (rand / ESPFIX_STACKS_PER_PAGE)
119 & (ESPFIX_PAGE_SPACE - 1);
122 void __init init_espfix_bsp(void)
127 /* Install the espfix pud into the kernel page directory */
128 pgd = &init_top_pgt[pgd_index(ESPFIX_BASE_ADDR)];
129 p4d = p4d_alloc(&init_mm, pgd, ESPFIX_BASE_ADDR);
130 p4d_populate(&init_mm, p4d, espfix_pud_page);
132 /* Randomize the locations */
133 init_espfix_random();
135 /* The rest is the same as for any other processor */
139 void init_espfix_ap(int cpu)
150 /* We only have to do this once... */
151 if (likely(per_cpu(espfix_stack, cpu)))
152 return; /* Already initialized */
154 addr = espfix_base_addr(cpu);
155 page = cpu/ESPFIX_STACKS_PER_PAGE;
157 /* Did another CPU already set this up? */
158 stack_page = ACCESS_ONCE(espfix_pages[page]);
159 if (likely(stack_page))
162 mutex_lock(&espfix_init_mutex);
164 /* Did we race on the lock? */
165 stack_page = ACCESS_ONCE(espfix_pages[page]);
169 node = cpu_to_node(cpu);
170 ptemask = __supported_pte_mask;
172 pud_p = &espfix_pud_page[pud_index(addr)];
174 if (!pud_present(pud)) {
175 struct page *page = alloc_pages_node(node, PGALLOC_GFP, 0);
177 pmd_p = (pmd_t *)page_address(page);
178 pud = __pud(__pa(pmd_p) | (PGTABLE_PROT & ptemask));
179 paravirt_alloc_pmd(&init_mm, __pa(pmd_p) >> PAGE_SHIFT);
180 for (n = 0; n < ESPFIX_PUD_CLONES; n++)
181 set_pud(&pud_p[n], pud);
184 pmd_p = pmd_offset(&pud, addr);
186 if (!pmd_present(pmd)) {
187 struct page *page = alloc_pages_node(node, PGALLOC_GFP, 0);
189 pte_p = (pte_t *)page_address(page);
190 pmd = __pmd(__pa(pte_p) | (PGTABLE_PROT & ptemask));
191 paravirt_alloc_pte(&init_mm, __pa(pte_p) >> PAGE_SHIFT);
192 for (n = 0; n < ESPFIX_PMD_CLONES; n++)
193 set_pmd(&pmd_p[n], pmd);
196 pte_p = pte_offset_kernel(&pmd, addr);
197 stack_page = page_address(alloc_pages_node(node, GFP_KERNEL, 0));
198 pte = __pte(__pa(stack_page) | ((__PAGE_KERNEL_RO | _PAGE_ENC) & ptemask));
199 for (n = 0; n < ESPFIX_PTE_CLONES; n++)
200 set_pte(&pte_p[n*PTE_STRIDE], pte);
202 /* Job is done for this CPU and any CPU which shares this page */
203 ACCESS_ONCE(espfix_pages[page]) = stack_page;
206 mutex_unlock(&espfix_init_mutex);
208 per_cpu(espfix_stack, cpu) = addr;
209 per_cpu(espfix_waddr, cpu) = (unsigned long)stack_page
210 + (addr & ~PAGE_MASK);