1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
4 * Copyright (C) 1995-1996 Gary Thomas (gdt@linuxppc.org)
6 * Derived from "arch/i386/mm/fault.c"
7 * Copyright (C) 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994 Linus Torvalds
9 * Modified by Cort Dougan and Paul Mackerras.
11 * Modified for PPC64 by Dave Engebretsen (engebret@ibm.com)
14 #include <linux/signal.h>
15 #include <linux/sched.h>
16 #include <linux/sched/task_stack.h>
17 #include <linux/kernel.h>
18 #include <linux/errno.h>
19 #include <linux/string.h>
20 #include <linux/types.h>
21 #include <linux/pagemap.h>
22 #include <linux/ptrace.h>
23 #include <linux/mman.h>
25 #include <linux/interrupt.h>
26 #include <linux/highmem.h>
27 #include <linux/extable.h>
28 #include <linux/kprobes.h>
29 #include <linux/kdebug.h>
30 #include <linux/perf_event.h>
31 #include <linux/ratelimit.h>
32 #include <linux/context_tracking.h>
33 #include <linux/hugetlb.h>
34 #include <linux/uaccess.h>
35 #include <linux/kfence.h>
36 #include <linux/pkeys.h>
38 #include <asm/firmware.h>
39 #include <asm/interrupt.h>
42 #include <asm/mmu_context.h>
43 #include <asm/siginfo.h>
44 #include <asm/debug.h>
50 * do_page_fault error handling helpers
54 __bad_area_nosemaphore(struct pt_regs *regs, unsigned long address, int si_code)
57 * If we are in kernel mode, bail out with a SEGV, this will
58 * be caught by the assembly which will restore the non-volatile
59 * registers before calling bad_page_fault()
64 _exception(SIGSEGV, regs, si_code, address);
69 static noinline int bad_area_nosemaphore(struct pt_regs *regs, unsigned long address)
71 return __bad_area_nosemaphore(regs, address, SEGV_MAPERR);
74 static int __bad_area(struct pt_regs *regs, unsigned long address, int si_code)
76 struct mm_struct *mm = current->mm;
79 * Something tried to access memory that isn't in our memory map..
80 * Fix it, but check if it's kernel or user first..
84 return __bad_area_nosemaphore(regs, address, si_code);
87 static noinline int bad_access_pkey(struct pt_regs *regs, unsigned long address,
88 struct vm_area_struct *vma)
90 struct mm_struct *mm = current->mm;
94 * We don't try to fetch the pkey from page table because reading
95 * page table without locking doesn't guarantee stable pte value.
96 * Hence the pkey value that we return to userspace can be different
97 * from the pkey that actually caused access error.
99 * It does *not* guarantee that the VMA we find here
100 * was the one that we faulted on.
102 * 1. T1 : mprotect_key(foo, PAGE_SIZE, pkey=4);
103 * 2. T1 : set AMR to deny access to pkey=4, touches, page
105 * 4. T2: mprotect_key(foo, PAGE_SIZE, pkey=5);
106 * 5. T1 : enters fault handler, takes mmap_lock, etc...
107 * 6. T1 : reaches here, sees vma_pkey(vma)=5, when we really
108 * faulted on a pte with its pkey=4.
110 pkey = vma_pkey(vma);
112 mmap_read_unlock(mm);
115 * If we are in kernel mode, bail out with a SEGV, this will
116 * be caught by the assembly which will restore the non-volatile
117 * registers before calling bad_page_fault()
119 if (!user_mode(regs))
122 _exception_pkey(regs, address, pkey);
127 static noinline int bad_access(struct pt_regs *regs, unsigned long address)
129 return __bad_area(regs, address, SEGV_ACCERR);
132 static int do_sigbus(struct pt_regs *regs, unsigned long address,
135 if (!user_mode(regs))
138 current->thread.trap_nr = BUS_ADRERR;
139 #ifdef CONFIG_MEMORY_FAILURE
140 if (fault & (VM_FAULT_HWPOISON|VM_FAULT_HWPOISON_LARGE)) {
141 unsigned int lsb = 0; /* shutup gcc */
143 pr_err("MCE: Killing %s:%d due to hardware memory corruption fault at %lx\n",
144 current->comm, current->pid, address);
146 if (fault & VM_FAULT_HWPOISON_LARGE)
147 lsb = hstate_index_to_shift(VM_FAULT_GET_HINDEX(fault));
148 if (fault & VM_FAULT_HWPOISON)
151 force_sig_mceerr(BUS_MCEERR_AR, (void __user *)address, lsb);
156 force_sig_fault(SIGBUS, BUS_ADRERR, (void __user *)address);
160 static int mm_fault_error(struct pt_regs *regs, unsigned long addr,
164 * Kernel page fault interrupted by SIGKILL. We have no reason to
165 * continue processing.
167 if (fatal_signal_pending(current) && !user_mode(regs))
171 if (fault & VM_FAULT_OOM) {
173 * We ran out of memory, or some other thing happened to us that
174 * made us unable to handle the page fault gracefully.
176 if (!user_mode(regs))
178 pagefault_out_of_memory();
180 if (fault & (VM_FAULT_SIGBUS|VM_FAULT_HWPOISON|
181 VM_FAULT_HWPOISON_LARGE))
182 return do_sigbus(regs, addr, fault);
183 else if (fault & VM_FAULT_SIGSEGV)
184 return bad_area_nosemaphore(regs, addr);
191 /* Is this a bad kernel fault ? */
192 static bool bad_kernel_fault(struct pt_regs *regs, unsigned long error_code,
193 unsigned long address, bool is_write)
195 int is_exec = TRAP(regs) == INTERRUPT_INST_STORAGE;
198 pr_crit_ratelimited("kernel tried to execute %s page (%lx) - exploit attempt? (uid: %d)\n",
199 address >= TASK_SIZE ? "exec-protected" : "user",
201 from_kuid(&init_user_ns, current_uid()));
203 // Kernel exec fault is always bad
207 // Kernel fault on kernel address is bad
208 if (address >= TASK_SIZE)
211 // Read/write fault blocked by KUAP is bad, it can never succeed.
212 if (bad_kuap_fault(regs, address, is_write)) {
213 pr_crit_ratelimited("Kernel attempted to %s user page (%lx) - exploit attempt? (uid: %d)\n",
214 is_write ? "write" : "read", address,
215 from_kuid(&init_user_ns, current_uid()));
217 // Fault on user outside of certain regions (eg. copy_tofrom_user()) is bad
218 if (!search_exception_tables(regs->nip))
221 // Read/write fault in a valid region (the exception table search passed
222 // above), but blocked by KUAP is bad, it can never succeed.
223 return WARN(true, "Bug: %s fault blocked by KUAP!", is_write ? "Write" : "Read");
226 // What's left? Kernel fault on user and allowed by KUAP in the faulting context.
230 static bool access_pkey_error(bool is_write, bool is_exec, bool is_pkey,
231 struct vm_area_struct *vma)
234 * Make sure to check the VMA so that we do not perform
235 * faults just to hit a pkey fault as soon as we fill in a
236 * page. Only called for current mm, hence foreign == 0
238 if (!arch_vma_access_permitted(vma, is_write, is_exec, 0))
244 static bool access_error(bool is_write, bool is_exec, struct vm_area_struct *vma)
247 * Allow execution from readable areas if the MMU does not
248 * provide separate controls over reading and executing.
250 * Note: That code used to not be enabled for 4xx/BookE.
251 * It is now as I/D cache coherency for these is done at
252 * set_pte_at() time and I see no reason why the test
253 * below wouldn't be valid on those processors. This -may-
254 * break programs compiled with a really old ABI though.
257 return !(vma->vm_flags & VM_EXEC) &&
258 (cpu_has_feature(CPU_FTR_NOEXECUTE) ||
259 !(vma->vm_flags & (VM_READ | VM_WRITE)));
263 if (unlikely(!(vma->vm_flags & VM_WRITE)))
269 * VM_READ, VM_WRITE and VM_EXEC may imply read permissions, as
270 * defined in protection_map[]. In that case Read faults can only be
271 * caused by a PROT_NONE mapping. However a non exec access on a
272 * VM_EXEC only mapping is invalid anyway, so report it as such.
274 if (unlikely(!vma_is_accessible(vma)))
277 if ((vma->vm_flags & VM_ACCESS_FLAGS) == VM_EXEC)
281 * We should ideally do the vma pkey access check here. But in the
282 * fault path, handle_mm_fault() also does the same check. To avoid
283 * these multiple checks, we skip it here and handle access error due
289 #ifdef CONFIG_PPC_SMLPAR
290 static inline void cmo_account_page_fault(void)
292 if (firmware_has_feature(FW_FEATURE_CMO)) {
296 page_ins = be32_to_cpu(get_lppaca()->page_ins);
297 page_ins += 1 << PAGE_FACTOR;
298 get_lppaca()->page_ins = cpu_to_be32(page_ins);
303 static inline void cmo_account_page_fault(void) { }
304 #endif /* CONFIG_PPC_SMLPAR */
306 static void sanity_check_fault(bool is_write, bool is_user,
307 unsigned long error_code, unsigned long address)
310 * Userspace trying to access kernel address, we get PROTFAULT for that.
312 if (is_user && address >= TASK_SIZE) {
313 if ((long)address == -1)
316 pr_crit_ratelimited("%s[%d]: User access of kernel address (%lx) - exploit attempt? (uid: %d)\n",
317 current->comm, current->pid, address,
318 from_kuid(&init_user_ns, current_uid()));
322 if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_PPC_BOOK3S))
326 * For hash translation mode, we should never get a
327 * PROTFAULT. Any update to pte to reduce access will result in us
328 * removing the hash page table entry, thus resulting in a DSISR_NOHPTE
329 * fault instead of DSISR_PROTFAULT.
331 * A pte update to relax the access will not result in a hash page table
332 * entry invalidate and hence can result in DSISR_PROTFAULT.
333 * ptep_set_access_flags() doesn't do a hpte flush. This is why we have
334 * the special !is_write in the below conditional.
336 * For platforms that doesn't supports coherent icache and do support
337 * per page noexec bit, we do setup things such that we do the
338 * sync between D/I cache via fault. But that is handled via low level
339 * hash fault code (hash_page_do_lazy_icache()) and we should not reach
342 * For wrong access that can result in PROTFAULT, the above vma->vm_flags
343 * check should handle those and hence we should fall to the bad_area
344 * handling correctly.
346 * For embedded with per page exec support that doesn't support coherent
347 * icache we do get PROTFAULT and we handle that D/I cache sync in
348 * set_pte_at while taking the noexec/prot fault. Hence this is WARN_ON
349 * is conditional for server MMU.
351 * For radix, we can get prot fault for autonuma case, because radix
352 * page table will have them marked noaccess for user.
354 if (radix_enabled() || is_write)
357 WARN_ON_ONCE(error_code & DSISR_PROTFAULT);
361 * Define the correct "is_write" bit in error_code based
362 * on the processor family
364 #if (defined(CONFIG_4xx) || defined(CONFIG_BOOKE))
365 #define page_fault_is_write(__err) ((__err) & ESR_DST)
367 #define page_fault_is_write(__err) ((__err) & DSISR_ISSTORE)
370 #if defined(CONFIG_4xx) || defined(CONFIG_BOOKE)
371 #define page_fault_is_bad(__err) (0)
372 #elif defined(CONFIG_PPC_8xx)
373 #define page_fault_is_bad(__err) ((__err) & DSISR_NOEXEC_OR_G)
374 #elif defined(CONFIG_PPC64)
375 static int page_fault_is_bad(unsigned long err)
377 unsigned long flag = DSISR_BAD_FAULT_64S;
380 * PAPR+ v2.11 § 14.15.3.4.1 (unreleased)
381 * If byte 0, bit 3 of pi-attribute-specifier-type in
382 * ibm,pi-features property is defined, ignore the DSI error
383 * which is caused by the paste instruction on the
384 * suspended NX window.
386 if (mmu_has_feature(MMU_FTR_NX_DSI))
387 flag &= ~DSISR_BAD_COPYPASTE;
392 #define page_fault_is_bad(__err) ((__err) & DSISR_BAD_FAULT_32S)
396 * For 600- and 800-family processors, the error_code parameter is DSISR
397 * for a data fault, SRR1 for an instruction fault.
398 * For 400-family processors the error_code parameter is ESR for a data fault,
399 * 0 for an instruction fault.
400 * For 64-bit processors, the error_code parameter is DSISR for a data access
401 * fault, SRR1 & 0x08000000 for an instruction access fault.
403 * The return value is 0 if the fault was handled, or the signal
404 * number if this is a kernel fault that can't be handled here.
406 static int ___do_page_fault(struct pt_regs *regs, unsigned long address,
407 unsigned long error_code)
409 struct vm_area_struct * vma;
410 struct mm_struct *mm = current->mm;
411 unsigned int flags = FAULT_FLAG_DEFAULT;
412 int is_exec = TRAP(regs) == INTERRUPT_INST_STORAGE;
413 int is_user = user_mode(regs);
414 int is_write = page_fault_is_write(error_code);
415 vm_fault_t fault, major = 0;
416 bool kprobe_fault = kprobe_page_fault(regs, 11);
418 if (unlikely(debugger_fault_handler(regs) || kprobe_fault))
421 if (unlikely(page_fault_is_bad(error_code))) {
423 _exception(SIGBUS, regs, BUS_OBJERR, address);
429 /* Additional sanity check(s) */
430 sanity_check_fault(is_write, is_user, error_code, address);
433 * The kernel should never take an execute fault nor should it
434 * take a page fault to a kernel address or a page fault to a user
435 * address outside of dedicated places
437 if (unlikely(!is_user && bad_kernel_fault(regs, error_code, address, is_write))) {
438 if (kfence_handle_page_fault(address, is_write, regs))
445 * If we're in an interrupt, have no user context or are running
446 * in a region with pagefaults disabled then we must not take the fault
448 if (unlikely(faulthandler_disabled() || !mm)) {
450 printk_ratelimited(KERN_ERR "Page fault in user mode"
451 " with faulthandler_disabled()=%d"
453 faulthandler_disabled(), mm);
454 return bad_area_nosemaphore(regs, address);
457 interrupt_cond_local_irq_enable(regs);
459 perf_sw_event(PERF_COUNT_SW_PAGE_FAULTS, 1, regs, address);
462 * We want to do this outside mmap_lock, because reading code around nip
463 * can result in fault, which will cause a deadlock when called with
467 flags |= FAULT_FLAG_USER;
469 flags |= FAULT_FLAG_WRITE;
471 flags |= FAULT_FLAG_INSTRUCTION;
473 if (!(flags & FAULT_FLAG_USER))
476 vma = lock_vma_under_rcu(mm, address);
480 if (unlikely(access_pkey_error(is_write, is_exec,
481 (error_code & DSISR_KEYFAULT), vma))) {
486 if (unlikely(access_error(is_write, is_exec, vma))) {
491 fault = handle_mm_fault(vma, address, flags | FAULT_FLAG_VMA_LOCK, regs);
492 if (!(fault & (VM_FAULT_RETRY | VM_FAULT_COMPLETED)))
495 if (!(fault & VM_FAULT_RETRY)) {
496 count_vm_vma_lock_event(VMA_LOCK_SUCCESS);
499 count_vm_vma_lock_event(VMA_LOCK_RETRY);
500 if (fault & VM_FAULT_MAJOR)
501 flags |= FAULT_FLAG_TRIED;
503 if (fault_signal_pending(fault, regs))
504 return user_mode(regs) ? 0 : SIGBUS;
508 /* When running in the kernel we expect faults to occur only to
509 * addresses in user space. All other faults represent errors in the
510 * kernel and should generate an OOPS. Unfortunately, in the case of an
511 * erroneous fault occurring in a code path which already holds mmap_lock
512 * we will deadlock attempting to validate the fault against the
513 * address space. Luckily the kernel only validly references user
514 * space from well defined areas of code, which are listed in the
515 * exceptions table. lock_mm_and_find_vma() handles that logic.
518 vma = lock_mm_and_find_vma(mm, address, regs);
520 return bad_area_nosemaphore(regs, address);
522 if (unlikely(access_pkey_error(is_write, is_exec,
523 (error_code & DSISR_KEYFAULT), vma)))
524 return bad_access_pkey(regs, address, vma);
526 if (unlikely(access_error(is_write, is_exec, vma)))
527 return bad_access(regs, address);
530 * If for any reason at all we couldn't handle the fault,
531 * make sure we exit gracefully rather than endlessly redo
534 fault = handle_mm_fault(vma, address, flags, regs);
536 major |= fault & VM_FAULT_MAJOR;
538 if (fault_signal_pending(fault, regs))
539 return user_mode(regs) ? 0 : SIGBUS;
541 /* The fault is fully completed (including releasing mmap lock) */
542 if (fault & VM_FAULT_COMPLETED)
546 * Handle the retry right now, the mmap_lock has been released in that
549 if (unlikely(fault & VM_FAULT_RETRY)) {
550 flags |= FAULT_FLAG_TRIED;
554 mmap_read_unlock(current->mm);
557 if (unlikely(fault & VM_FAULT_ERROR))
558 return mm_fault_error(regs, address, fault);
562 * Major/minor page fault accounting.
565 cmo_account_page_fault();
569 NOKPROBE_SYMBOL(___do_page_fault);
571 static __always_inline void __do_page_fault(struct pt_regs *regs)
575 err = ___do_page_fault(regs, regs->dar, regs->dsisr);
577 bad_page_fault(regs, err);
580 DEFINE_INTERRUPT_HANDLER(do_page_fault)
582 __do_page_fault(regs);
585 #ifdef CONFIG_PPC_BOOK3S_64
586 /* Same as do_page_fault but interrupt entry has already run in do_hash_fault */
587 void hash__do_page_fault(struct pt_regs *regs)
589 __do_page_fault(regs);
591 NOKPROBE_SYMBOL(hash__do_page_fault);
595 * bad_page_fault is called when we have a bad access from the kernel.
596 * It is called from the DSI and ISI handlers in head.S and from some
597 * of the procedures in traps.c.
599 static void __bad_page_fault(struct pt_regs *regs, int sig)
601 int is_write = page_fault_is_write(regs->dsisr);
604 /* kernel has accessed a bad area */
606 if (regs->dar < PAGE_SIZE)
607 msg = "Kernel NULL pointer dereference";
609 msg = "Unable to handle kernel data access";
611 switch (TRAP(regs)) {
612 case INTERRUPT_DATA_STORAGE:
613 case INTERRUPT_H_DATA_STORAGE:
614 pr_alert("BUG: %s on %s at 0x%08lx\n", msg,
615 is_write ? "write" : "read", regs->dar);
617 case INTERRUPT_DATA_SEGMENT:
618 pr_alert("BUG: %s at 0x%08lx\n", msg, regs->dar);
620 case INTERRUPT_INST_STORAGE:
621 case INTERRUPT_INST_SEGMENT:
622 pr_alert("BUG: Unable to handle kernel instruction fetch%s",
623 regs->nip < PAGE_SIZE ? " (NULL pointer?)\n" : "\n");
625 case INTERRUPT_ALIGNMENT:
626 pr_alert("BUG: Unable to handle kernel unaligned access at 0x%08lx\n",
630 pr_alert("BUG: Unable to handle unknown paging fault at 0x%08lx\n",
634 printk(KERN_ALERT "Faulting instruction address: 0x%08lx\n",
637 if (task_stack_end_corrupted(current))
638 printk(KERN_ALERT "Thread overran stack, or stack corrupted\n");
640 die("Kernel access of bad area", regs, sig);
643 void bad_page_fault(struct pt_regs *regs, int sig)
645 const struct exception_table_entry *entry;
647 /* Are we prepared to handle this fault? */
648 entry = search_exception_tables(instruction_pointer(regs));
650 instruction_pointer_set(regs, extable_fixup(entry));
652 __bad_page_fault(regs, sig);
655 #ifdef CONFIG_PPC_BOOK3S_64
656 DEFINE_INTERRUPT_HANDLER(do_bad_page_fault_segv)
658 bad_page_fault(regs, SIGSEGV);
662 * In radix, segment interrupts indicate the EA is not addressable by the
663 * page table geometry, so they are always sent here.
665 * In hash, this is called if do_slb_fault returns error. Typically it is
666 * because the EA was outside the region allowed by software.
668 DEFINE_INTERRUPT_HANDLER(do_bad_segment_interrupt)
670 int err = regs->result;
672 if (err == -EFAULT) {
674 _exception(SIGSEGV, regs, SEGV_BNDERR, regs->dar);
676 bad_page_fault(regs, SIGSEGV);
677 } else if (err == -EINVAL) {
678 unrecoverable_exception(regs);