2 * linux/arch/arm/kernel/head.S
4 * Copyright (C) 1994-2002 Russell King
5 * Copyright (c) 2003 ARM Limited
8 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
9 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as
10 * published by the Free Software Foundation.
12 * Kernel startup code for all 32-bit CPUs
14 #include <linux/linkage.h>
15 #include <linux/init.h>
17 #include <asm/assembler.h>
19 #include <asm/domain.h>
20 #include <asm/ptrace.h>
21 #include <asm/asm-offsets.h>
22 #include <asm/memory.h>
23 #include <asm/thread_info.h>
24 #include <asm/pgtable.h>
26 #if defined(CONFIG_DEBUG_LL) && !defined(CONFIG_DEBUG_SEMIHOSTING)
27 #include CONFIG_DEBUG_LL_INCLUDE
31 * swapper_pg_dir is the virtual address of the initial page table.
32 * We place the page tables 16K below KERNEL_RAM_VADDR. Therefore, we must
33 * make sure that KERNEL_RAM_VADDR is correctly set. Currently, we expect
34 * the least significant 16 bits to be 0x8000, but we could probably
35 * relax this restriction to KERNEL_RAM_VADDR >= PAGE_OFFSET + 0x4000.
37 #define KERNEL_RAM_VADDR (PAGE_OFFSET + TEXT_OFFSET)
38 #if (KERNEL_RAM_VADDR & 0xffff) != 0x8000
39 #error KERNEL_RAM_VADDR must start at 0xXXXX8000
42 #ifdef CONFIG_ARM_LPAE
43 /* LPAE requires an additional page for the PGD */
44 #define PG_DIR_SIZE 0x5000
47 #define PG_DIR_SIZE 0x4000
52 .equ swapper_pg_dir, KERNEL_RAM_VADDR - PG_DIR_SIZE
54 .macro pgtbl, rd, phys
55 add \rd, \phys, #TEXT_OFFSET
56 sub \rd, \rd, #PG_DIR_SIZE
60 * Kernel startup entry point.
61 * ---------------------------
63 * This is normally called from the decompressor code. The requirements
64 * are: MMU = off, D-cache = off, I-cache = dont care, r0 = 0,
65 * r1 = machine nr, r2 = atags or dtb pointer.
67 * This code is mostly position independent, so if you link the kernel at
68 * 0xc0008000, you call this at __pa(0xc0008000).
70 * See linux/arch/arm/tools/mach-types for the complete list of machine
73 * We're trying to keep crap to a minimum; DO NOT add any machine specific
74 * crap here - that's what the boot loader (or in extreme, well justified
75 * circumstances, zImage) is for.
81 ARM_BE8(setend be ) @ ensure we are in BE8 mode
83 THUMB( badr r9, 1f ) @ Kernel is always entered in ARM.
84 THUMB( bx r9 ) @ If this is a Thumb-2 kernel,
85 THUMB( .thumb ) @ switch to Thumb now.
88 #ifdef CONFIG_ARM_VIRT_EXT
91 @ ensure svc mode and all interrupts masked
92 safe_svcmode_maskall r9
94 mrc p15, 0, r9, c0, c0 @ get processor id
95 bl __lookup_processor_type @ r5=procinfo r9=cpuid
96 movs r10, r5 @ invalid processor (r5=0)?
97 THUMB( it eq ) @ force fixup-able long branch encoding
98 beq __error_p @ yes, error 'p'
100 #ifdef CONFIG_ARM_LPAE
101 mrc p15, 0, r3, c0, c1, 4 @ read ID_MMFR0
102 and r3, r3, #0xf @ extract VMSA support
103 cmp r3, #5 @ long-descriptor translation table format?
104 THUMB( it lo ) @ force fixup-able long branch encoding
105 blo __error_lpae @ only classic page table format
108 #ifndef CONFIG_XIP_KERNEL
111 sub r4, r3, r4 @ (PHYS_OFFSET - PAGE_OFFSET)
112 add r8, r8, r4 @ PHYS_OFFSET
114 ldr r8, =PLAT_PHYS_OFFSET @ always constant in this case
118 * r1 = machine no, r2 = atags or dtb,
119 * r8 = phys_offset, r9 = cpuid, r10 = procinfo
122 #ifdef CONFIG_SMP_ON_UP
125 #ifdef CONFIG_ARM_PATCH_PHYS_VIRT
128 bl __create_page_tables
131 * The following calls CPU specific code in a position independent
132 * manner. See arch/arm/mm/proc-*.S for details. r10 = base of
133 * xxx_proc_info structure selected by __lookup_processor_type
136 * The processor init function will be called with:
138 * r2 - boot data (atags/dt) pointer
139 * r4 - translation table base (low word)
140 * r5 - translation table base (high word, if LPAE)
141 * r8 - translation table base 1 (pfn if LPAE)
143 * r13 - virtual address for __enable_mmu -> __turn_mmu_on
145 * On return, the CPU will be ready for the MMU to be turned on,
146 * r0 will hold the CPU control register value, r1, r2, r4, and
147 * r9 will be preserved. r5 will also be preserved if LPAE.
149 ldr r13, =__mmap_switched @ address to jump to after
150 @ mmu has been enabled
151 badr lr, 1f @ return (PIC) address
152 #ifdef CONFIG_ARM_LPAE
153 mov r5, #0 @ high TTBR0
154 mov r8, r4, lsr #12 @ TTBR1 is swapper_pg_dir pfn
156 mov r8, r4 @ set TTBR1 to swapper_pg_dir
158 ldr r12, [r10, #PROCINFO_INITFUNC]
164 #ifndef CONFIG_XIP_KERNEL
170 * Setup the initial page tables. We only setup the barest
171 * amount which are required to get the kernel running, which
172 * generally means mapping in the kernel code.
174 * r8 = phys_offset, r9 = cpuid, r10 = procinfo
177 * r0, r3, r5-r7 corrupted
178 * r4 = physical page table address
180 __create_page_tables:
181 pgtbl r4, r8 @ page table address
184 * Clear the swapper page table
188 add r6, r0, #PG_DIR_SIZE
196 #ifdef CONFIG_ARM_LPAE
198 * Build the PGD table (first level) to point to the PMD table. A PGD
199 * entry is 64-bit wide.
202 add r3, r4, #0x1000 @ first PMD table address
203 orr r3, r3, #3 @ PGD block type
204 mov r6, #4 @ PTRS_PER_PGD
205 mov r7, #1 << (55 - 32) @ L_PGD_SWAPPER
207 #ifdef CONFIG_CPU_ENDIAN_BE8
208 str r7, [r0], #4 @ set top PGD entry bits
209 str r3, [r0], #4 @ set bottom PGD entry bits
211 str r3, [r0], #4 @ set bottom PGD entry bits
212 str r7, [r0], #4 @ set top PGD entry bits
214 add r3, r3, #0x1000 @ next PMD table
218 add r4, r4, #0x1000 @ point to the PMD tables
219 #ifdef CONFIG_CPU_ENDIAN_BE8
220 add r4, r4, #4 @ we only write the bottom word
224 ldr r7, [r10, #PROCINFO_MM_MMUFLAGS] @ mm_mmuflags
227 * Create identity mapping to cater for __enable_mmu.
228 * This identity mapping will be removed by paging_init().
230 adr r0, __turn_mmu_on_loc
231 ldmia r0, {r3, r5, r6}
232 sub r0, r0, r3 @ virt->phys offset
233 add r5, r5, r0 @ phys __turn_mmu_on
234 add r6, r6, r0 @ phys __turn_mmu_on_end
235 mov r5, r5, lsr #SECTION_SHIFT
236 mov r6, r6, lsr #SECTION_SHIFT
238 1: orr r3, r7, r5, lsl #SECTION_SHIFT @ flags + kernel base
239 str r3, [r4, r5, lsl #PMD_ORDER] @ identity mapping
241 addlo r5, r5, #1 @ next section
245 * Map our RAM from the start to the end of the kernel .bss section.
247 add r0, r4, #PAGE_OFFSET >> (SECTION_SHIFT - PMD_ORDER)
250 add r6, r4, r6, lsr #(SECTION_SHIFT - PMD_ORDER)
251 1: str r3, [r0], #1 << PMD_ORDER
252 add r3, r3, #1 << SECTION_SHIFT
256 #ifdef CONFIG_XIP_KERNEL
258 * Map the kernel image separately as it is not located in RAM.
260 #define XIP_START XIP_VIRT_ADDR(CONFIG_XIP_PHYS_ADDR)
262 mov r3, r3, lsr #SECTION_SHIFT
263 orr r3, r7, r3, lsl #SECTION_SHIFT
264 add r0, r4, #(XIP_START & 0xff000000) >> (SECTION_SHIFT - PMD_ORDER)
265 str r3, [r0, #((XIP_START & 0x00f00000) >> SECTION_SHIFT) << PMD_ORDER]!
266 ldr r6, =(_edata_loc - 1)
267 add r0, r0, #1 << PMD_ORDER
268 add r6, r4, r6, lsr #(SECTION_SHIFT - PMD_ORDER)
270 add r3, r3, #1 << SECTION_SHIFT
271 strls r3, [r0], #1 << PMD_ORDER
276 * Then map boot params address in r2 if specified.
277 * We map 2 sections in case the ATAGs/DTB crosses a section boundary.
279 mov r0, r2, lsr #SECTION_SHIFT
280 movs r0, r0, lsl #SECTION_SHIFT
282 addne r3, r3, #PAGE_OFFSET
283 addne r3, r4, r3, lsr #(SECTION_SHIFT - PMD_ORDER)
285 strne r6, [r3], #1 << PMD_ORDER
286 addne r6, r6, #1 << SECTION_SHIFT
289 #if defined(CONFIG_ARM_LPAE) && defined(CONFIG_CPU_ENDIAN_BE8)
290 sub r4, r4, #4 @ Fixup page table pointer
291 @ for 64-bit descriptors
294 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_LL
295 #if !defined(CONFIG_DEBUG_ICEDCC) && !defined(CONFIG_DEBUG_SEMIHOSTING)
297 * Map in IO space for serial debugging.
298 * This allows debug messages to be output
299 * via a serial console before paging_init.
303 mov r3, r3, lsr #SECTION_SHIFT
304 mov r3, r3, lsl #PMD_ORDER
307 mov r3, r7, lsr #SECTION_SHIFT
308 ldr r7, [r10, #PROCINFO_IO_MMUFLAGS] @ io_mmuflags
309 orr r3, r7, r3, lsl #SECTION_SHIFT
310 #ifdef CONFIG_ARM_LPAE
311 mov r7, #1 << (54 - 32) @ XN
312 #ifdef CONFIG_CPU_ENDIAN_BE8
320 orr r3, r3, #PMD_SECT_XN
324 #else /* CONFIG_DEBUG_ICEDCC || CONFIG_DEBUG_SEMIHOSTING */
325 /* we don't need any serial debugging mappings */
326 ldr r7, [r10, #PROCINFO_IO_MMUFLAGS] @ io_mmuflags
329 #if defined(CONFIG_ARCH_NETWINDER) || defined(CONFIG_ARCH_CATS)
331 * If we're using the NetWinder or CATS, we also need to map
332 * in the 16550-type serial port for the debug messages
334 add r0, r4, #0xff000000 >> (SECTION_SHIFT - PMD_ORDER)
335 orr r3, r7, #0x7c000000
338 #ifdef CONFIG_ARCH_RPC
340 * Map in screen at 0x02000000 & SCREEN2_BASE
341 * Similar reasons here - for debug. This is
342 * only for Acorn RiscPC architectures.
344 add r0, r4, #0x02000000 >> (SECTION_SHIFT - PMD_ORDER)
345 orr r3, r7, #0x02000000
347 add r0, r4, #0xd8000000 >> (SECTION_SHIFT - PMD_ORDER)
351 #ifdef CONFIG_ARM_LPAE
352 sub r4, r4, #0x1000 @ point to the PGD table
355 ENDPROC(__create_page_tables)
361 .long __turn_mmu_on_end
363 #if defined(CONFIG_SMP)
366 ENTRY(secondary_startup_arm)
367 THUMB( badr r9, 1f ) @ Kernel is entered in ARM.
368 THUMB( bx r9 ) @ If this is a Thumb-2 kernel,
369 THUMB( .thumb ) @ switch to Thumb now.
371 ENTRY(secondary_startup)
373 * Common entry point for secondary CPUs.
375 * Ensure that we're in SVC mode, and IRQs are disabled. Lookup
376 * the processor type - there is no need to check the machine type
377 * as it has already been validated by the primary processor.
380 ARM_BE8(setend be) @ ensure we are in BE8 mode
382 #ifdef CONFIG_ARM_VIRT_EXT
383 bl __hyp_stub_install_secondary
385 safe_svcmode_maskall r9
387 mrc p15, 0, r9, c0, c0 @ get processor id
388 bl __lookup_processor_type
389 movs r10, r5 @ invalid processor?
390 moveq r0, #'p' @ yes, error 'p'
391 THUMB( it eq ) @ force fixup-able long branch encoding
395 * Use the page tables supplied from __cpu_up.
397 adr r4, __secondary_data
398 ldmia r4, {r5, r7, r12} @ address to jump to after
399 sub lr, r4, r5 @ mmu has been enabled
401 ldrd r4, [r3, #0] @ get secondary_data.pgdir
402 ARM_BE8(eor r4, r4, r5) @ Swap r5 and r4 in BE:
403 ARM_BE8(eor r5, r4, r5) @ it can be done in 3 steps
404 ARM_BE8(eor r4, r4, r5) @ without using a temp reg.
405 ldr r8, [r3, #8] @ get secondary_data.swapper_pg_dir
406 badr lr, __enable_mmu @ return address
407 mov r13, r12 @ __secondary_switched address
408 ldr r12, [r10, #PROCINFO_INITFUNC]
409 add r12, r12, r10 @ initialise processor
410 @ (return control reg)
412 ENDPROC(secondary_startup)
413 ENDPROC(secondary_startup_arm)
416 * r6 = &secondary_data
418 ENTRY(__secondary_switched)
419 ldr sp, [r7, #12] @ get secondary_data.stack
421 b secondary_start_kernel
422 ENDPROC(__secondary_switched)
426 .type __secondary_data, %object
430 .long __secondary_switched
431 #endif /* defined(CONFIG_SMP) */
436 * Setup common bits before finally enabling the MMU. Essentially
437 * this is just loading the page table pointer and domain access
438 * registers. All these registers need to be preserved by the
439 * processor setup function (or set in the case of r0)
441 * r0 = cp#15 control register
443 * r2 = atags or dtb pointer
444 * r4 = TTBR pointer (low word)
445 * r5 = TTBR pointer (high word if LPAE)
447 * r13 = *virtual* address to jump to upon completion
450 #if defined(CONFIG_ALIGNMENT_TRAP) && __LINUX_ARM_ARCH__ < 6
455 #ifdef CONFIG_CPU_DCACHE_DISABLE
458 #ifdef CONFIG_CPU_BPREDICT_DISABLE
461 #ifdef CONFIG_CPU_ICACHE_DISABLE
464 #ifdef CONFIG_ARM_LPAE
465 mcrr p15, 0, r4, r5, c2 @ load TTBR0
468 mcr p15, 0, r5, c3, c0, 0 @ load domain access register
469 mcr p15, 0, r4, c2, c0, 0 @ load page table pointer
472 ENDPROC(__enable_mmu)
475 * Enable the MMU. This completely changes the structure of the visible
476 * memory space. You will not be able to trace execution through this.
477 * If you have an enquiry about this, *please* check the linux-arm-kernel
478 * mailing list archives BEFORE sending another post to the list.
480 * r0 = cp#15 control register
482 * r2 = atags or dtb pointer
484 * r13 = *virtual* address to jump to upon completion
486 * other registers depend on the function called upon completion
489 .pushsection .idmap.text, "ax"
493 mcr p15, 0, r0, c1, c0, 0 @ write control reg
494 mrc p15, 0, r3, c0, c0, 0 @ read id reg
500 ENDPROC(__turn_mmu_on)
504 #ifdef CONFIG_SMP_ON_UP
507 and r3, r9, #0x000f0000 @ architecture version
508 teq r3, #0x000f0000 @ CPU ID supported?
509 bne __fixup_smp_on_up @ no, assume UP
511 bic r3, r9, #0x00ff0000
512 bic r3, r3, #0x0000000f @ mask 0xff00fff0
514 orr r4, r4, #0x0000b000
515 orr r4, r4, #0x00000020 @ val 0x4100b020
516 teq r3, r4 @ ARM 11MPCore?
517 reteq lr @ yes, assume SMP
519 mrc p15, 0, r0, c0, c0, 5 @ read MPIDR
520 and r0, r0, #0xc0000000 @ multiprocessing extensions and
521 teq r0, #0x80000000 @ not part of a uniprocessor system?
522 bne __fixup_smp_on_up @ no, assume UP
524 @ Core indicates it is SMP. Check for Aegis SOC where a single
525 @ Cortex-A9 CPU is present but SMP operations fault.
527 orr r4, r4, #0x0000c000
528 orr r4, r4, #0x00000090
529 teq r3, r4 @ Check for ARM Cortex-A9
530 retne lr @ Not ARM Cortex-A9,
532 @ If a future SoC *does* use 0x0 as the PERIPH_BASE, then the
533 @ below address check will need to be #ifdef'd or equivalent
534 @ for the Aegis platform.
535 mrc p15, 4, r0, c15, c0 @ get SCU base address
536 teq r0, #0x0 @ '0' on actual UP A9 hardware
537 beq __fixup_smp_on_up @ So its an A9 UP
538 ldr r0, [r0, #4] @ read SCU Config
539 ARM_BE8(rev r0, r0) @ byteswap if big endian
540 and r0, r0, #0x3 @ number of CPUs
550 b __do_fixup_smp_on_up
568 __do_fixup_smp_on_up:
572 ARM( str r6, [r0, r3] )
573 THUMB( add r0, r0, r3 )
575 THUMB( mov r6, r6, ror #16 ) @ Convert word order for big-endian.
577 THUMB( strh r6, [r0], #2 ) @ For Thumb-2, store as two halfwords
578 THUMB( mov r6, r6, lsr #16 ) @ to be robust against misaligned r3.
579 THUMB( strh r6, [r0] )
580 b __do_fixup_smp_on_up
581 ENDPROC(__do_fixup_smp_on_up)
584 stmfd sp!, {r4 - r6, lr}
588 bl __do_fixup_smp_on_up
589 ldmfd sp!, {r4 - r6, pc}
593 #define LOW_OFFSET 0x4
594 #define HIGH_OFFSET 0x0
596 #define LOW_OFFSET 0x0
597 #define HIGH_OFFSET 0x4
600 #ifdef CONFIG_ARM_PATCH_PHYS_VIRT
602 /* __fixup_pv_table - patch the stub instructions with the delta between
603 * PHYS_OFFSET and PAGE_OFFSET, which is assumed to be 16MiB aligned and
604 * can be expressed by an immediate shifter operand. The stub instruction
605 * has a form of '(add|sub) rd, rn, #imm'.
612 subs r3, r0, r3 @ PHYS_OFFSET - PAGE_OFFSET
613 add r4, r4, r3 @ adjust table start address
614 add r5, r5, r3 @ adjust table end address
615 add r6, r6, r3 @ adjust __pv_phys_pfn_offset address
616 add r7, r7, r3 @ adjust __pv_offset address
617 mov r0, r8, lsr #PAGE_SHIFT @ convert to PFN
618 str r0, [r6] @ save computed PHYS_OFFSET to __pv_phys_pfn_offset
619 strcc ip, [r7, #HIGH_OFFSET] @ save to __pv_offset high bits
620 mov r6, r3, lsr #24 @ constant for add/sub instructions
621 teq r3, r6, lsl #24 @ must be 16MiB aligned
622 THUMB( it ne @ cross section branch )
624 str r3, [r7, #LOW_OFFSET] @ save to __pv_offset low bits
626 ENDPROC(__fixup_pv_table)
630 .long __pv_table_begin
632 2: .long __pv_phys_pfn_offset
640 ldr r0, [r6, #HIGH_OFFSET] @ pv_offset high word
641 ldr r6, [r6, #LOW_OFFSET] @ pv_offset low word
644 #ifdef CONFIG_THUMB2_KERNEL
645 moveq r0, #0x200000 @ set bit 21, mov to mvn instruction
654 orr r6, r6, r7, lsl #12
659 ARM_BE8(rev16 ip, ip)
662 orrne ip, r6 @ mask in offset bits 31-24
663 orreq ip, r0 @ mask in offset bits 7-0
664 ARM_BE8(rev16 ip, ip)
668 ARM_BE8(rev16 ip, ip)
670 orr ip, ip, r0, lsr #16
671 ARM_BE8(rev16 ip, ip)
674 ldrcc r7, [r4], #4 @ use branch for delay slot
678 moveq r0, #0x400000 @ set bit 22, mov to mvn instruction
681 #ifdef CONFIG_CPU_ENDIAN_BE8
682 @ in BE8, we load data in BE, but instructions still in LE
683 bic ip, ip, #0xff000000
684 tst ip, #0x000f0000 @ check the rotation field
685 orrne ip, ip, r6, lsl #24 @ mask in offset bits 31-24
686 biceq ip, ip, #0x00004000 @ clear bit 22
687 orreq ip, ip, r0, ror #8 @ mask in offset bits 7-0
689 bic ip, ip, #0x000000ff
690 tst ip, #0xf00 @ check the rotation field
691 orrne ip, ip, r6 @ mask in offset bits 31-24
692 biceq ip, ip, #0x400000 @ clear bit 22
693 orreq ip, ip, r0 @ mask in offset bits 7-0
697 ldrcc r7, [r4], #4 @ use branch for delay slot
701 ENDPROC(__fixup_a_pv_table)
706 ENTRY(fixup_pv_table)
707 stmfd sp!, {r4 - r7, lr}
708 mov r3, #0 @ no offset
709 mov r4, r0 @ r0 = table start
710 add r5, r0, r1 @ r1 = table size
711 bl __fixup_a_pv_table
712 ldmfd sp!, {r4 - r7, pc}
713 ENDPROC(fixup_pv_table)
717 .globl __pv_phys_pfn_offset
718 .type __pv_phys_pfn_offset, %object
719 __pv_phys_pfn_offset:
721 .size __pv_phys_pfn_offset, . -__pv_phys_pfn_offset
724 .type __pv_offset, %object
727 .size __pv_offset, . -__pv_offset
730 #include "head-common.S"