1 # kconfig-hardened-check
3 ![functional test](https://github.com/a13xp0p0v/kconfig-hardened-check/workflows/functional%20test/badge.svg)
4 [![Coverage Status](https://codecov.io/gh/a13xp0p0v/kconfig-hardened-check/graph/badge.svg)](https://codecov.io/gh/a13xp0p0v/kconfig-hardened-check)
8 There are plenty of Linux kernel hardening config options. A lot of them are
9 not enabled by the major distros. We have to enable these options ourselves to
10 make our systems more secure.
12 But nobody likes checking configs manually. So let the computers do their job!
14 __kconfig-hardened-check.py__ helps me to check the Linux kernel Kconfig option list
15 against my hardening preferences, which are based on the
17 - [KSPP recommended settings][1],
18 - [CLIP OS kernel configuration][2],
19 - last public [grsecurity][3] patch (options which they disable),
20 - [SECURITY_LOCKDOWN_LSM][5] patchset,
21 - direct feedback from Linux kernel maintainers (Daniel Vetter in [issue #38][6]).
23 I also created [__Linux Kernel Defence Map__][4] that is a graphical representation of the
24 relationships between these hardening features and the corresponding vulnerability classes
25 or exploitation techniques.
27 ## Supported microarchitectures
36 You can install the package:
39 pip install git+https://github.com/a13xp0p0v/kconfig-hardened-check
42 or simply run `./bin/kconfig-hardened-check` from the cloned repository.
46 usage: kconfig-hardened-check [-h] [-p {X86_64,X86_32,ARM64,ARM}] [-c CONFIG]
49 Checks the hardening options in the Linux kernel config
52 -h, --help show this help message and exit
53 -p {X86_64,X86_32,ARM64,ARM}, --print {X86_64,X86_32,ARM64,ARM}
54 print hardening preferences for selected architecture
55 -c CONFIG, --config CONFIG
56 check the config_file against these preferences
57 --debug enable verbose debug mode
58 --json print results in JSON format
61 ## Output for `Ubuntu 18.04 (Bionic Beaver with HWE)` kernel config
63 $ ./bin/kconfig-hardened-check -c kconfig_hardened_check/config_files/distros/ubuntu-bionic-generic.config
64 [+] Trying to detect architecture in "kconfig_hardened_check/config_files/distros/ubuntu-bionic-generic.config"...
65 [+] Detected architecture: X86_64
66 [+] Trying to detect kernel version in "kconfig_hardened_check/config_files/distros/ubuntu-bionic-generic.config"...
67 [+] Found version line: "# Linux/x86 5.3.0-28-generic Kernel Configuration"
68 [+] Detected kernel version: 5.3
69 [+] Checking "kconfig_hardened_check/config_files/distros/ubuntu-bionic-generic.config" against X86_64 hardening preferences...
70 =========================================================================================================================
71 option name | desired val | decision | reason | check result
72 =========================================================================================================================
73 CONFIG_BUG | y |defconfig | self_protection | OK
74 CONFIG_STRICT_KERNEL_RWX | y |defconfig | self_protection | OK
75 CONFIG_STACKPROTECTOR_STRONG | y |defconfig | self_protection | OK
76 CONFIG_SLUB_DEBUG | y |defconfig | self_protection | OK
77 CONFIG_STRICT_MODULE_RWX | y |defconfig | self_protection | OK
78 CONFIG_GCC_PLUGINS | y |defconfig | self_protection | FAIL: not found
79 CONFIG_REFCOUNT_FULL | y |defconfig | self_protection | FAIL: "is not set"
80 CONFIG_IOMMU_SUPPORT | y |defconfig | self_protection | OK
81 CONFIG_MICROCODE | y |defconfig | self_protection | OK
82 CONFIG_RETPOLINE | y |defconfig | self_protection | OK
83 CONFIG_X86_SMAP | y |defconfig | self_protection | OK
84 CONFIG_X86_UMIP | y |defconfig | self_protection | OK: CONFIG_X86_INTEL_UMIP "y"
85 CONFIG_SYN_COOKIES | y |defconfig | self_protection | OK
86 CONFIG_PAGE_TABLE_ISOLATION | y |defconfig | self_protection | OK
87 CONFIG_RANDOMIZE_MEMORY | y |defconfig | self_protection | OK
88 CONFIG_INTEL_IOMMU | y |defconfig | self_protection | OK
89 CONFIG_AMD_IOMMU | y |defconfig | self_protection | OK
90 CONFIG_VMAP_STACK | y |defconfig | self_protection | OK
91 CONFIG_RANDOMIZE_BASE | y |defconfig | self_protection | OK
92 CONFIG_THREAD_INFO_IN_TASK | y |defconfig | self_protection | OK
93 CONFIG_BUG_ON_DATA_CORRUPTION | y | kspp | self_protection | FAIL: "is not set"
94 CONFIG_DEBUG_WX | y | kspp | self_protection | OK
95 CONFIG_SCHED_STACK_END_CHECK | y | kspp | self_protection | OK
96 CONFIG_SLAB_FREELIST_HARDENED | y | kspp | self_protection | OK
97 CONFIG_SLAB_FREELIST_RANDOM | y | kspp | self_protection | OK
98 CONFIG_SHUFFLE_PAGE_ALLOCATOR | y | kspp | self_protection | OK
99 CONFIG_FORTIFY_SOURCE | y | kspp | self_protection | OK
100 CONFIG_GCC_PLUGIN_RANDSTRUCT | y | kspp | self_protection | FAIL: not found
101 CONFIG_GCC_PLUGIN_LATENT_ENTROPY | y | kspp | self_protection | FAIL: not found
102 CONFIG_DEBUG_LIST | y | kspp | self_protection | FAIL: "is not set"
103 CONFIG_DEBUG_SG | y | kspp | self_protection | FAIL: "is not set"
104 CONFIG_DEBUG_CREDENTIALS | y | kspp | self_protection | FAIL: "is not set"
105 CONFIG_DEBUG_NOTIFIERS | y | kspp | self_protection | FAIL: "is not set"
106 CONFIG_HARDENED_USERCOPY | y | kspp | self_protection | OK
107 CONFIG_HARDENED_USERCOPY_FALLBACK | is not set | kspp | self_protection | FAIL: "y"
108 CONFIG_MODULE_SIG | y | kspp | self_protection | OK
109 CONFIG_MODULE_SIG_ALL | y | kspp | self_protection | OK
110 CONFIG_MODULE_SIG_SHA512 | y | kspp | self_protection | OK
111 CONFIG_MODULE_SIG_FORCE | y | kspp | self_protection | FAIL: "is not set"
112 CONFIG_INIT_STACK_ALL | y | kspp | self_protection | FAIL: not found
113 CONFIG_INIT_ON_ALLOC_DEFAULT_ON | y | kspp | self_protection | OK
114 CONFIG_INIT_ON_FREE_DEFAULT_ON | y | kspp | self_protection | OK: CONFIG_PAGE_POISONING "y"
115 CONFIG_GCC_PLUGIN_STACKLEAK | y | kspp | self_protection | FAIL: not found
116 CONFIG_STACKLEAK_METRICS | is not set | clipos | self_protection | FAIL: CONFIG_GCC_PLUGIN_STACKLEAK is needed
117 CONFIG_STACKLEAK_RUNTIME_DISABLE | is not set | clipos | self_protection | FAIL: CONFIG_GCC_PLUGIN_STACKLEAK is needed
118 CONFIG_DEFAULT_MMAP_MIN_ADDR | 65536 | kspp | self_protection | OK
119 CONFIG_SECURITY_DMESG_RESTRICT | y | clipos | self_protection | FAIL: "is not set"
120 CONFIG_DEBUG_VIRTUAL | y | clipos | self_protection | FAIL: "is not set"
121 CONFIG_STATIC_USERMODEHELPER | y | clipos | self_protection | FAIL: "is not set"
122 CONFIG_SLAB_MERGE_DEFAULT | is not set | clipos | self_protection | FAIL: "y"
123 CONFIG_GCC_PLUGIN_RANDSTRUCT_PERFORMANCE | is not set | clipos | self_protection | FAIL: CONFIG_GCC_PLUGIN_RANDSTRUCT is needed
124 CONFIG_RANDOM_TRUST_BOOTLOADER | is not set | clipos | self_protection | OK: not found
125 CONFIG_RANDOM_TRUST_CPU | is not set | clipos | self_protection | FAIL: "y"
126 CONFIG_INTEL_IOMMU_SVM | y | clipos | self_protection | OK
127 CONFIG_INTEL_IOMMU_DEFAULT_ON | y | clipos | self_protection | FAIL: "is not set"
128 CONFIG_SLUB_DEBUG_ON | y | my | self_protection | FAIL: "is not set"
129 CONFIG_RESET_ATTACK_MITIGATION | y | my | self_protection | OK
130 CONFIG_AMD_IOMMU_V2 | y | my | self_protection | FAIL: "m"
131 CONFIG_SECURITY | y |defconfig | security_policy | OK
132 CONFIG_SECURITY_YAMA | y | kspp | security_policy | OK
133 CONFIG_SECURITY_WRITABLE_HOOKS | is not set | my | security_policy | OK: not found
134 CONFIG_SECURITY_LOCKDOWN_LSM | y | clipos | security_policy | FAIL: not found
135 CONFIG_SECURITY_LOCKDOWN_LSM_EARLY | y | clipos | security_policy | FAIL: not found
136 CONFIG_LOCK_DOWN_KERNEL_FORCE_CONFIDENTIALITY| y | clipos | security_policy | FAIL: not found
137 CONFIG_SECURITY_LOADPIN | y | my | security_policy | FAIL: "is not set"
138 CONFIG_SECURITY_LOADPIN_ENFORCE | y | my | security_policy | FAIL: CONFIG_SECURITY_LOADPIN is needed
139 CONFIG_SECURITY_SAFESETID | y | my | security_policy | OK
140 CONFIG_SECCOMP | y |defconfig | cut_attack_surface | OK
141 CONFIG_SECCOMP_FILTER | y |defconfig | cut_attack_surface | OK
142 CONFIG_STRICT_DEVMEM | y |defconfig | cut_attack_surface | OK
143 CONFIG_MODULES | is not set | kspp | cut_attack_surface | FAIL: "y"
144 CONFIG_DEVMEM | is not set | kspp | cut_attack_surface | FAIL: "y"
145 CONFIG_IO_STRICT_DEVMEM | y | kspp | cut_attack_surface | FAIL: "is not set"
146 CONFIG_LEGACY_VSYSCALL_NONE | y | kspp | cut_attack_surface | FAIL: "is not set"
147 CONFIG_ACPI_CUSTOM_METHOD | is not set | kspp | cut_attack_surface | OK
148 CONFIG_COMPAT_BRK | is not set | kspp | cut_attack_surface | OK
149 CONFIG_DEVKMEM | is not set | kspp | cut_attack_surface | OK
150 CONFIG_COMPAT_VDSO | is not set | kspp | cut_attack_surface | OK
151 CONFIG_BINFMT_MISC | is not set | kspp | cut_attack_surface | FAIL: "m"
152 CONFIG_INET_DIAG | is not set | kspp | cut_attack_surface | FAIL: "m"
153 CONFIG_KEXEC | is not set | kspp | cut_attack_surface | FAIL: "y"
154 CONFIG_PROC_KCORE | is not set | kspp | cut_attack_surface | FAIL: "y"
155 CONFIG_LEGACY_PTYS | is not set | kspp | cut_attack_surface | FAIL: "y"
156 CONFIG_HIBERNATION | is not set | kspp | cut_attack_surface | FAIL: "y"
157 CONFIG_IA32_EMULATION | is not set | kspp | cut_attack_surface | FAIL: "y"
158 CONFIG_X86_X32 | is not set | kspp | cut_attack_surface | FAIL: "y"
159 CONFIG_MODIFY_LDT_SYSCALL | is not set | kspp | cut_attack_surface | FAIL: "y"
160 CONFIG_OABI_COMPAT | is not set | kspp | cut_attack_surface | OK: not found
161 CONFIG_X86_PTDUMP | is not set |grsecurity| cut_attack_surface | OK
162 CONFIG_ZSMALLOC_STAT | is not set |grsecurity| cut_attack_surface | OK
163 CONFIG_PAGE_OWNER | is not set |grsecurity| cut_attack_surface | OK
164 CONFIG_DEBUG_KMEMLEAK | is not set |grsecurity| cut_attack_surface | OK
165 CONFIG_BINFMT_AOUT | is not set |grsecurity| cut_attack_surface | OK: not found
166 CONFIG_KPROBES | is not set |grsecurity| cut_attack_surface | FAIL: "y"
167 CONFIG_UPROBES | is not set |grsecurity| cut_attack_surface | FAIL: "y"
168 CONFIG_GENERIC_TRACER | is not set |grsecurity| cut_attack_surface | FAIL: "y"
169 CONFIG_PROC_VMCORE | is not set |grsecurity| cut_attack_surface | FAIL: "y"
170 CONFIG_PROC_PAGE_MONITOR | is not set |grsecurity| cut_attack_surface | FAIL: "y"
171 CONFIG_USELIB | is not set |grsecurity| cut_attack_surface | FAIL: "y"
172 CONFIG_CHECKPOINT_RESTORE | is not set |grsecurity| cut_attack_surface | FAIL: "y"
173 CONFIG_USERFAULTFD | is not set |grsecurity| cut_attack_surface | FAIL: "y"
174 CONFIG_HWPOISON_INJECT | is not set |grsecurity| cut_attack_surface | FAIL: "m"
175 CONFIG_MEM_SOFT_DIRTY | is not set |grsecurity| cut_attack_surface | FAIL: "y"
176 CONFIG_DEVPORT | is not set |grsecurity| cut_attack_surface | FAIL: "y"
177 CONFIG_DEBUG_FS | is not set |grsecurity| cut_attack_surface | FAIL: "y"
178 CONFIG_NOTIFIER_ERROR_INJECTION | is not set |grsecurity| cut_attack_surface | FAIL: "m"
179 CONFIG_DRM_LEGACY | is not set |maintainer| cut_attack_surface | OK
180 CONFIG_FB | is not set |maintainer| cut_attack_surface | FAIL: "y"
181 CONFIG_VT | is not set |maintainer| cut_attack_surface | FAIL: "y"
182 CONFIG_ACPI_TABLE_UPGRADE | is not set | lockdown | cut_attack_surface | FAIL: "y"
183 CONFIG_X86_IOPL_IOPERM | is not set | lockdown | cut_attack_surface | OK: not found
184 CONFIG_EFI_TEST | is not set | lockdown | cut_attack_surface | FAIL: "m"
185 CONFIG_BPF_SYSCALL | is not set | lockdown | cut_attack_surface | FAIL: "y"
186 CONFIG_MMIOTRACE_TEST | is not set | lockdown | cut_attack_surface | OK
187 CONFIG_X86_INTEL_TSX_MODE_OFF | y | clipos | cut_attack_surface | OK
188 CONFIG_STAGING | is not set | clipos | cut_attack_surface | FAIL: "y"
189 CONFIG_KSM | is not set | clipos | cut_attack_surface | FAIL: "y"
190 CONFIG_KALLSYMS | is not set | clipos | cut_attack_surface | FAIL: "y"
191 CONFIG_X86_VSYSCALL_EMULATION | is not set | clipos | cut_attack_surface | FAIL: "y"
192 CONFIG_MAGIC_SYSRQ | is not set | clipos | cut_attack_surface | FAIL: "y"
193 CONFIG_KEXEC_FILE | is not set | clipos | cut_attack_surface | FAIL: "y"
194 CONFIG_USER_NS | is not set | clipos | cut_attack_surface | FAIL: "y"
195 CONFIG_X86_MSR | is not set | clipos | cut_attack_surface | FAIL: "m"
196 CONFIG_X86_CPUID | is not set | clipos | cut_attack_surface | FAIL: "m"
197 CONFIG_LDISC_AUTOLOAD | is not set | clipos | cut_attack_surface | FAIL: "y"
198 CONFIG_AIO | is not set |grapheneos| cut_attack_surface | FAIL: "y"
199 CONFIG_MMIOTRACE | is not set | my | cut_attack_surface | FAIL: "y"
200 CONFIG_LIVEPATCH | is not set | my | cut_attack_surface | FAIL: "y"
201 CONFIG_IP_DCCP | is not set | my | cut_attack_surface | FAIL: "m"
202 CONFIG_IP_SCTP | is not set | my | cut_attack_surface | FAIL: "m"
203 CONFIG_FTRACE | is not set | my | cut_attack_surface | FAIL: "y"
204 CONFIG_BPF_JIT | is not set | my | cut_attack_surface | FAIL: "y"
205 CONFIG_VIDEO_VIVID | is not set | my | cut_attack_surface | FAIL: "m"
206 CONFIG_INTEGRITY | y |defconfig |userspace_hardening | OK
207 CONFIG_ARCH_MMAP_RND_BITS | 32 | clipos |userspace_hardening | FAIL: "28"
209 [+] config check is finished: 'OK' - 56 / 'FAIL' - 79
212 ## kconfig-hardened-check versioning
214 I usually update the kernel hardening recommendations after each Linux kernel release.
216 So the version of `kconfig-hardened-check` is associated with the corresponding version of the kernel.
218 The version format is: __[major_number].[kernel_version]__
220 The current version of `kconfig-hardened-check` is __0.5.5__, it's marked with the git tag.
223 ## Questions and answers
225 __Q:__ How disabling `CONFIG_USER_NS` cuts the attack surface? It's needed for containers!
227 __A:__ Yes, the `CONFIG_USER_NS` option provides some isolation between the userspace programs,
228 but the tool recommends disabling it to cut the attack surface __of the kernel__.
232 - A nice LWN article about the corresponding LKML discussion: https://lwn.net/Articles/673597/
234 - A twitter thread about `CONFIG_USER_NS` and security: https://twitter.com/robertswiecki/status/1095447678949953541
238 __Q:__ Why `CONFIG_GCC_PLUGINS` is automatically disabled during the kernel compilation?
240 __A:__ It means that your gcc doesn't support plugins. For example, if you have `gcc-7` on Ubuntu,
241 try to install `gcc-7-plugin-dev` package, it should help.
245 __Q:__ KSPP and CLIP OS recommend `CONFIG_PANIC_ON_OOPS=y`. Why doesn't this tool do the same?
247 __A:__ I personally don't support this recommendation because it provides easy denial-of-service
248 attacks for the whole system (kernel oops is not a rare situation). I think having `CONFIG_BUG` is enough here --
249 if we have a kernel oops in the process context, the offending/attacking process is killed.
251 [1]: http://kernsec.org/wiki/index.php/Kernel_Self_Protection_Project/Recommended_Settings
252 [2]: https://docs.clip-os.org/clipos/kernel.html#configuration
253 [3]: https://grsecurity.net/
254 [4]: https://github.com/a13xp0p0v/linux-kernel-defence-map
255 [5]: https://lwn.net/Articles/791863/
256 [6]: https://github.com/a13xp0p0v/kconfig-hardened-check/issues/38