1 MTRR (Memory Type Range Register) control
3 Richard Gooch <rgooch@atnf.csiro.au> - 3 Jun 1999
4 Luis R. Rodriguez <mcgrof@do-not-panic.com> - April 9, 2015
6 ===============================================================================
9 MTRR use is replaced on modern x86 hardware with PAT. Direct MTRR use by
10 drivers on Linux is now completely phased out, device drivers should use
11 arch_phys_wc_add() in combination with ioremap_wc() to make MTRR effective on
12 non-PAT systems while a no-op but equally effective on PAT enabled systems.
14 Even if Linux does not use MTRRs directly, some x86 platform firmware may still
15 set up MTRRs early before booting the OS. They do this as some platform
16 firmware may still have implemented access to MTRRs which would be controlled
17 and handled by the platform firmware directly. An example of platform use of
18 MTRRs is through the use of SMI handlers, one case could be for fan control,
19 the platform code would need uncachable access to some of its fan control
20 registers. Such platform access does not need any Operating System MTRR code in
21 place other than mtrr_type_lookup() to ensure any OS specific mapping requests
22 are aligned with platform MTRR setup. If MTRRs are only set up by the platform
23 firmware code though and the OS does not make any specific MTRR mapping
24 requests mtrr_type_lookup() should always return MTRR_TYPE_INVALID.
26 For details refer to Documentation/x86/pat.txt.
28 ===============================================================================
30 On Intel P6 family processors (Pentium Pro, Pentium II and later)
31 the Memory Type Range Registers (MTRRs) may be used to control
32 processor access to memory ranges. This is most useful when you have
33 a video (VGA) card on a PCI or AGP bus. Enabling write-combining
34 allows bus write transfers to be combined into a larger transfer
35 before bursting over the PCI/AGP bus. This can increase performance
36 of image write operations 2.5 times or more.
38 The Cyrix 6x86, 6x86MX and M II processors have Address Range
39 Registers (ARRs) which provide a similar functionality to MTRRs. For
40 these, the ARRs are used to emulate the MTRRs.
42 The AMD K6-2 (stepping 8 and above) and K6-3 processors have two
43 MTRRs. These are supported. The AMD Athlon family provide 8 Intel
46 The Centaur C6 (WinChip) has 8 MCRs, allowing write-combining. These
49 The VIA Cyrix III and VIA C3 CPUs offer 8 Intel style MTRRs.
51 The CONFIG_MTRR option creates a /proc/mtrr file which may be used
52 to manipulate your MTRRs. Typically the X server should use
53 this. This should have a reasonably generic interface so that
54 similar control registers on other processors can be easily
58 There are two interfaces to /proc/mtrr: one is an ASCII interface
59 which allows you to read and write. The other is an ioctl()
60 interface. The ASCII interface is meant for administration. The
61 ioctl() interface is meant for C programs (i.e. the X server). The
62 interfaces are described below, with sample commands and C code.
64 ===============================================================================
65 Reading MTRRs from the shell:
68 reg00: base=0x00000000 ( 0MB), size= 128MB: write-back, count=1
69 reg01: base=0x08000000 ( 128MB), size= 64MB: write-back, count=1
70 ===============================================================================
71 Creating MTRRs from the C-shell:
72 # echo "base=0xf8000000 size=0x400000 type=write-combining" >! /proc/mtrr
74 # echo "base=0xf8000000 size=0x400000 type=write-combining" >| /proc/mtrr
76 And the result thereof:
78 reg00: base=0x00000000 ( 0MB), size= 128MB: write-back, count=1
79 reg01: base=0x08000000 ( 128MB), size= 64MB: write-back, count=1
80 reg02: base=0xf8000000 (3968MB), size= 4MB: write-combining, count=1
82 This is for video RAM at base address 0xf8000000 and size 4 megabytes. To
83 find out your base address, you need to look at the output of your X
84 server, which tells you where the linear framebuffer address is. A
85 typical line that you may get is:
87 (--) S3: PCI: 968 rev 0, Linear FB @ 0xf8000000
89 Note that you should only use the value from the X server, as it may
90 move the framebuffer base address, so the only value you can trust is
91 that reported by the X server.
93 To find out the size of your framebuffer (what, you don't actually
94 know?), the following line will tell you:
96 (--) S3: videoram: 4096k
98 That's 4 megabytes, which is 0x400000 bytes (in hexadecimal).
99 A patch is being written for XFree86 which will make this automatic:
100 in other words the X server will manipulate /proc/mtrr using the
101 ioctl() interface, so users won't have to do anything. If you use a
102 commercial X server, lobby your vendor to add support for MTRRs.
103 ===============================================================================
104 Creating overlapping MTRRs:
106 %echo "base=0xfb000000 size=0x1000000 type=write-combining" >/proc/mtrr
107 %echo "base=0xfb000000 size=0x1000 type=uncachable" >/proc/mtrr
109 And the results: cat /proc/mtrr
110 reg00: base=0x00000000 ( 0MB), size= 64MB: write-back, count=1
111 reg01: base=0xfb000000 (4016MB), size= 16MB: write-combining, count=1
112 reg02: base=0xfb000000 (4016MB), size= 4kB: uncachable, count=1
114 Some cards (especially Voodoo Graphics boards) need this 4 kB area
115 excluded from the beginning of the region because it is used for
118 NOTE: You can only create type=uncachable region, if the first
119 region that you created is type=write-combining.
120 ===============================================================================
121 Removing MTRRs from the C-shell:
122 % echo "disable=2" >! /proc/mtrr
124 % echo "disable=2" >| /proc/mtrr
125 ===============================================================================
126 Reading MTRRs from a C program using ioctl()'s:
130 Source file for mtrr-show (example program to show MTRRs using ioctl()'s)
132 Copyright (C) 1997-1998 Richard Gooch
134 This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
135 it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
136 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
137 (at your option) any later version.
139 This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
140 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
141 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
142 GNU General Public License for more details.
144 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
145 along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
146 Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
148 Richard Gooch may be reached by email at rgooch@atnf.csiro.au
149 The postal address is:
150 Richard Gooch, c/o ATNF, P. O. Box 76, Epping, N.S.W., 2121, Australia.
154 This program will use an ioctl() on /proc/mtrr to show the current MTRR
155 settings. This is an alternative to reading /proc/mtrr.
158 Written by Richard Gooch 17-DEC-1997
160 Last updated by Richard Gooch 2-MAY-1998
167 #include <sys/types.h>
168 #include <sys/stat.h>
170 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
172 #include <asm/mtrr.h>
176 #define ERRSTRING strerror (errno)
178 static char *mtrr_strings[MTRR_NUM_TYPES] =
180 "uncachable", /* 0 */
181 "write-combining", /* 1 */
184 "write-through", /* 4 */
185 "write-protect", /* 5 */
186 "write-back", /* 6 */
192 struct mtrr_gentry gentry;
194 if ( ( fd = open ("/proc/mtrr", O_RDONLY, 0) ) == -1 )
198 fputs ("/proc/mtrr not found: not supported or you don't have a PPro?\n",
202 fprintf (stderr, "Error opening /proc/mtrr\t%s\n", ERRSTRING);
205 for (gentry.regnum = 0; ioctl (fd, MTRRIOC_GET_ENTRY, &gentry) == 0;
210 fprintf (stderr, "Register: %u disabled\n", gentry.regnum);
213 fprintf (stderr, "Register: %u base: 0x%lx size: 0x%lx type: %s\n",
214 gentry.regnum, gentry.base, gentry.size,
215 mtrr_strings[gentry.type]);
217 if (errno == EINVAL) exit (0);
218 fprintf (stderr, "Error doing ioctl(2) on /dev/mtrr\t%s\n", ERRSTRING);
220 } /* End Function main */
221 ===============================================================================
222 Creating MTRRs from a C programme using ioctl()'s:
226 Source file for mtrr-add (example programme to add an MTRRs using ioctl())
228 Copyright (C) 1997-1998 Richard Gooch
230 This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
231 it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
232 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
233 (at your option) any later version.
235 This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
236 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
237 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
238 GNU General Public License for more details.
240 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
241 along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
242 Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
244 Richard Gooch may be reached by email at rgooch@atnf.csiro.au
245 The postal address is:
246 Richard Gooch, c/o ATNF, P. O. Box 76, Epping, N.S.W., 2121, Australia.
250 This programme will use an ioctl() on /proc/mtrr to add an entry. The first
251 available mtrr is used. This is an alternative to writing /proc/mtrr.
254 Written by Richard Gooch 17-DEC-1997
256 Last updated by Richard Gooch 2-MAY-1998
264 #include <sys/types.h>
265 #include <sys/stat.h>
267 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
269 #include <asm/mtrr.h>
273 #define ERRSTRING strerror (errno)
275 static char *mtrr_strings[MTRR_NUM_TYPES] =
277 "uncachable", /* 0 */
278 "write-combining", /* 1 */
281 "write-through", /* 4 */
282 "write-protect", /* 5 */
283 "write-back", /* 6 */
286 int main (int argc, char **argv)
289 struct mtrr_sentry sentry;
293 fprintf (stderr, "Usage:\tmtrr-add base size type\n");
296 sentry.base = strtoul (argv[1], NULL, 0);
297 sentry.size = strtoul (argv[2], NULL, 0);
298 for (sentry.type = 0; sentry.type < MTRR_NUM_TYPES; ++sentry.type)
300 if (strcmp (argv[3], mtrr_strings[sentry.type]) == 0) break;
302 if (sentry.type >= MTRR_NUM_TYPES)
304 fprintf (stderr, "Illegal type: \"%s\"\n", argv[3]);
307 if ( ( fd = open ("/proc/mtrr", O_WRONLY, 0) ) == -1 )
311 fputs ("/proc/mtrr not found: not supported or you don't have a PPro?\n",
315 fprintf (stderr, "Error opening /proc/mtrr\t%s\n", ERRSTRING);
318 if (ioctl (fd, MTRRIOC_ADD_ENTRY, &sentry) == -1)
320 fprintf (stderr, "Error doing ioctl(2) on /dev/mtrr\t%s\n", ERRSTRING);
323 fprintf (stderr, "Sleeping for 5 seconds so you can see the new entry\n");
326 fputs ("I've just closed /proc/mtrr so now the new entry should be gone\n",
328 } /* End Function main */
329 ===============================================================================