1 ==============================================================
2 Advanced Linux Sound Architecture - Driver Configuration guide
3 ==============================================================
9 To enable ALSA support you need at least to build the kernel with
10 primary sound card support (``CONFIG_SOUND``). Since ALSA can emulate
11 OSS, you don't have to choose any of the OSS modules.
13 Enable "OSS API emulation" (``CONFIG_SND_OSSEMUL``) and both OSS mixer
14 and PCM supports if you want to run OSS applications with ALSA.
16 If you want to support the WaveTable functionality on cards such as
17 SB Live! then you need to enable "Sequencer support"
18 (``CONFIG_SND_SEQUENCER``).
20 To make ALSA debug messages more verbose, enable the "Verbose printk"
21 and "Debug" options. To check for memory leaks, turn on "Debug memory"
22 too. "Debug detection" will add checks for the detection of cards.
24 Please note that all the ALSA ISA drivers support the Linux isapnp API
25 (if the card supports ISA PnP). You don't need to configure the cards
32 The user can load modules with options. If the module supports more than
33 one card and you have more than one card of the same type then you can
34 specify multiple values for the option separated by commas.
40 The core ALSA module. It is used by all ALSA card drivers.
41 It takes the following options which have global effects.
44 major number for sound driver;
47 limiting card index for auto-loading (1-8);
49 For auto-loading more than one card, specify this option
50 together with snd-card-X aliases.
52 Reserve the slot index for the given driver;
53 This option takes multiple strings.
54 See `Module Autoloading Support`_ section for details.
56 Specifies the debug message level;
57 (0 = disable debug prints, 1 = normal debug messages,
58 2 = verbose debug messages);
59 This option appears only when ``CONFIG_SND_DEBUG=y``.
60 This option can be dynamically changed via sysfs
61 /sys/modules/snd/parameters/debug file.
66 The PCM OSS emulation module.
67 This module takes options which change the mapping of devices.
70 PCM device number maps assigned to the 1st OSS device;
73 PCM device number maps assigned to the 2nd OSS device;
76 Don't block opening busy PCM devices;
79 For example, when ``dsp_map=2``, /dev/dsp will be mapped to PCM #2 of
80 the card #0. Similarly, when ``adsp_map=0``, /dev/adsp will be mapped
81 to PCM #0 of the card #0.
82 For changing the second or later card, specify the option with
83 commas, such like ``dsp_map=0,1``.
85 ``nonblock_open`` option is used to change the behavior of the PCM
86 regarding opening the device. When this option is non-zero,
87 opening a busy OSS PCM device won't be blocked but return
88 immediately with EAGAIN (just like O_NONBLOCK flag).
93 This module takes options which change the mapping of devices.
94 similar to those of the snd-pcm-oss module.
97 MIDI device number maps assigned to the 1st OSS device;
100 MIDI device number maps assigned to the 2nd OSS device;
106 The soc core module. It is used by all ALSA card drivers.
107 It takes the following options which have global effects.
109 prealloc_buffer_size_kbytes
110 Specify prealloc buffer size in kbytes (default: 512).
112 Common parameters for top sound card modules
113 --------------------------------------------
115 Each of top level sound card module takes the following options.
118 index (slot #) of sound card;
119 Values: 0 through 31 or negative;
120 If nonnegative, assign that index number;
121 if negative, interpret as a bitmask of permissible indices;
122 the first free permitted index is assigned;
125 card ID (identifier or name);
126 Can be up to 15 characters long;
127 Default: the card type;
128 A directory by this name is created under /proc/asound/
129 containing information about the card;
130 This ID can be used instead of the index number in
134 Default: enabled, for PCI and ISA PnP cards
136 These options are used for either specifying the order of instances or
137 controlling enabling and disabling of each one of the devices if there
138 are multiple devices bound with the same driver. For example, there are
139 many machines which have two HD-audio controllers (one for HDMI/DP
140 audio and another for onboard analog). In most cases, the second one is
141 in primary usage, and people would like to assign it as the first
142 appearing card. They can do it by specifying "index=1,0" module
143 parameter, which will swap the assignment slots.
145 Today, with the sound backend like PulseAudio and PipeWire which
146 supports dynamic configuration, it's of little use, but that was a
147 help for static configuration in the past.
152 Module for AdLib FM cards.
157 This module supports multiple cards. It does not support autoprobe, so
158 the port must be specified. For actual AdLib FM cards it will be 0x388.
159 Note that this card does not have PCM support and no mixer; only FM
162 Make sure you have ``sbiload`` from the alsa-tools package available and,
163 after loading the module, find out the assigned ALSA sequencer port
164 number through ``sbiload -l``.
169 Port Client name Port name
170 64:0 OPL2 FM synth OPL2 FM Port
172 Load the ``std.sb`` and ``drums.sb`` patches also supplied by ``sbiload``:
175 sbiload -p 64:0 std.sb drums.sb
177 If you use this driver to drive an OPL3, you can use ``std.o3`` and ``drums.o3``
178 instead. To have the card produce sound, use ``aplaymidi`` from alsa-utils:
181 aplaymidi -p 64:0 foo.mid
186 Module for sound cards based on Analog Devices AD1816A/AD1815 ISA chips.
189 Clock frequency for AD1816A chip (default = 0, 33000Hz)
191 This module supports multiple cards, autoprobe and PnP.
196 Module for sound cards based on AD1848/AD1847/CS4248 ISA chips.
199 port # for AD1848 chip
201 IRQ # for AD1848 chip
203 DMA # for AD1848 chip (0,1,3)
205 This module supports multiple cards. It does not support autoprobe
206 thus main port must be specified!!! Other ports are optional.
208 The power-management is supported.
213 Module for Analog Devices AD1889 chips.
216 AC'97 workaround for strange hardware;
217 See the description of intel8x0 module for details.
219 This module supports multiple cards.
224 Module for ALi M5451 PCI chip.
227 Number of hardware channels assigned for PCM
232 This module supports one chip and autoprobe.
234 The power-management is supported.
239 Module for sound cards based on Avance Logic ALS100/ALS120 ISA chips.
241 This module supports multiple cards, autoprobe and PnP.
243 The power-management is supported.
248 Module for Avance Logic ALS300 and ALS300+
250 This module supports multiple cards.
252 The power-management is supported.
257 Module for sound cards based on Avance Logic ALS4000 PCI chip.
260 port # for legacy joystick support;
261 0 = disabled (default), 1 = auto-detect
263 This module supports multiple cards, autoprobe and PnP.
265 The power-management is supported.
270 Module for AudioScience ASI soundcards
273 enable HPI hwdep for AudioScience soundcard
275 This module supports multiple cards.
276 The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.
281 Module for ATI IXP 150/200/250/400 AC97 controllers.
284 AC'97 clock (default = 48000)
286 AC'97 workaround for strange hardware;
287 See `AC97 Quirk Option`_ section below.
289 Workaround to specify which AC'97 codec instead of probing.
290 If this works for you file a bug with your `lspci -vn` output.
291 (-2 = Force probing, -1 = Default behavior, 0-2 = Use the
294 S/PDIF transfer over AC-link (default = 1)
296 This module supports one card and autoprobe.
298 ATI IXP has two different methods to control SPDIF output. One is
299 over AC-link and another is over the "direct" SPDIF output. The
300 implementation depends on the motherboard, and you'll need to
301 choose the correct one via spdif_aclink module option.
303 The power-management is supported.
305 Module snd-atiixp-modem
306 -----------------------
308 Module for ATI IXP 150/200/250 AC97 modem controllers.
310 This module supports one card and autoprobe.
312 Note: The default index value of this module is -2, i.e. the first
315 The power-management is supported.
317 Module snd-au8810, snd-au8820, snd-au8830
318 -----------------------------------------
320 Module for Aureal Vortex, Vortex2 and Advantage device.
323 Control PCI workarounds;
324 0 = Disable all workarounds,
325 1 = Force the PCI latency of the Aureal card to 0xff,
326 2 = Force the Extend PCI#2 Internal Master for Efficient
327 Handling of Dummy Requests on the VIA KT133 AGP Bridge,
328 3 = Force both settings,
329 255 = Autodetect what is required (default)
331 This module supports all ADB PCM channels, ac97 mixer, SPDIF, hardware
332 EQ, mpu401, gameport. A3D and wavetable support are still in development.
333 Development and reverse engineering work is being coordinated at
334 https://savannah.nongnu.org/projects/openvortex/
335 SPDIF output has a copy of the AC97 codec output, unless you use the
336 ``spdif`` pcm device, which allows raw data passthru.
337 The hardware EQ hardware and SPDIF is only present in the Vortex2 and
340 Note: Some ALSA mixer applications don't handle the SPDIF sample rate
341 control correctly. If you have problems regarding this, try
342 another ALSA compliant mixer (alsamixer works).
347 Module for Aztech Sound Galaxy soundcards based on the Aztech AZT1605
351 port # for BASE (0x220,0x240,0x260,0x280)
353 port # for WSS (0x530,0x604,0xe80,0xf40)
355 IRQ # for WSS (7,9,10,11)
357 DMA # for WSS playback (0,1,3)
359 DMA # for WSS capture (0,1), -1 = disabled (default)
361 port # for MPU-401 UART (0x300,0x330), -1 = disabled (default)
363 IRQ # for MPU-401 UART (3,5,7,9), -1 = disabled (default)
365 port # for OPL3 (0x388), -1 = disabled (default)
367 This module supports multiple cards. It does not support autoprobe:
368 ``port``, ``wss_port``, ``irq`` and ``dma1`` have to be specified.
369 The other values are optional.
371 ``port`` needs to match the BASE ADDRESS jumper on the card (0x220 or 0x240)
372 or the value stored in the card's EEPROM for cards that have an EEPROM and
373 their "CONFIG MODE" jumper set to "EEPROM SETTING". The other values can
374 be chosen freely from the options enumerated above.
376 If ``dma2`` is specified and different from ``dma1``, the card will operate in
377 full-duplex mode. When ``dma1=3``, only ``dma2=0`` is valid and the only way to
378 enable capture since only channels 0 and 1 are available for capture.
380 Generic settings are ``port=0x220 wss_port=0x530 irq=10 dma1=1 dma2=0
381 mpu_port=0x330 mpu_irq=9 fm_port=0x388``.
383 Whatever IRQ and DMA channels you pick, be sure to reserve them for
384 legacy ISA in your BIOS.
389 Module for Aztech Sound Galaxy soundcards based on the Aztech AZT2316
393 port # for BASE (0x220,0x240,0x260,0x280)
395 port # for WSS (0x530,0x604,0xe80,0xf40)
397 IRQ # for WSS (7,9,10,11)
399 DMA # for WSS playback (0,1,3)
401 DMA # for WSS capture (0,1), -1 = disabled (default)
403 port # for MPU-401 UART (0x300,0x330), -1 = disabled (default)
405 IRQ # for MPU-401 UART (5,7,9,10), -1 = disabled (default)
407 port # for OPL3 (0x388), -1 = disabled (default)
409 This module supports multiple cards. It does not support autoprobe:
410 ``port``, ``wss_port``, ``irq`` and ``dma1`` have to be specified.
411 The other values are optional.
413 ``port`` needs to match the BASE ADDRESS jumper on the card (0x220 or 0x240)
414 or the value stored in the card's EEPROM for cards that have an EEPROM and
415 their "CONFIG MODE" jumper set to "EEPROM SETTING". The other values can
416 be chosen freely from the options enumerated above.
418 If ``dma2`` is specified and different from ``dma1``, the card will operate in
419 full-duplex mode. When ``dma1=3``, only ``dma2=0`` is valid and the only way to
420 enable capture since only channels 0 and 1 are available for capture.
422 Generic settings are ``port=0x220 wss_port=0x530 irq=10 dma1=1 dma2=0
423 mpu_port=0x330 mpu_irq=9 fm_port=0x388``.
425 Whatever IRQ and DMA channels you pick, be sure to reserve them for
426 legacy ISA in your BIOS.
431 Module for Audiowerk2 sound card
433 This module supports multiple cards.
438 Module for sound cards based on Aztech System AZT2320 ISA chip (PnP only).
440 This module supports multiple cards, PnP and autoprobe.
442 The power-management is supported.
447 Module for sound cards based on Aztech AZF3328 PCI chip.
450 Enable joystick (default off)
452 This module supports multiple cards.
457 Module for video cards based on Bt87x chips.
460 Override the default digital rate (Hz)
462 Load the driver even if the card model isn't known
464 This module supports multiple cards.
466 Note: The default index value of this module is -2, i.e. the first
472 Module for Creative Audigy LS and SB Live 24bit
474 This module supports multiple cards.
480 Module for sound cards based on C-Media CMI8330 ISA chips.
483 ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
485 with ``isapnp=0``, the following options are available:
488 port # for CMI8330 chip (WSS)
490 IRQ # for CMI8330 chip (WSS)
492 first DMA # for CMI8330 chip (WSS)
494 port # for CMI8330 chip (SB16)
496 IRQ # for CMI8330 chip (SB16)
498 8bit DMA # for CMI8330 chip (SB16)
500 16bit DMA # for CMI8330 chip (SB16)
502 (optional) OPL3 I/O port
504 (optional) MPU401 I/O port
506 (optional) MPU401 irq #
508 This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
510 The power-management is supported.
515 Module for C-Media CMI8338/8738/8768/8770 PCI sound cards.
518 port address of MIDI interface (8338 only):
519 0x300,0x310,0x320,0x330 = legacy port,
520 1 = integrated PCI port (default on 8738),
523 port address of OPL-3 FM synthesizer (8x38 only):
525 1 = integrated PCI port (default on 8738),
528 Software-conversion of raw SPDIF packets (model 033 only) (default = 1)
530 Joystick port address (0 = disable, 1 = auto-detect)
532 This module supports autoprobe and multiple cards.
534 The power-management is supported.
539 Module for sound cards based on CS4231 ISA chips.
542 port # for CS4231 chip
544 port # for MPU-401 UART (optional), -1 = disable
546 IRQ # for CS4231 chip
548 IRQ # for MPU-401 UART
550 first DMA # for CS4231 chip
552 second DMA # for CS4231 chip
554 This module supports multiple cards. This module does not support autoprobe
555 thus main port must be specified!!! Other ports are optional.
557 The power-management is supported.
562 Module for sound cards based on CS4232/CS4232A,
563 CS4235/CS4236/CS4236B/CS4237B/CS4238B/CS4239 ISA chips.
566 ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
568 with ``isapnp=0``, the following options are available:
571 port # for CS4236 chip (PnP setup - 0x534)
573 control port # for CS4236 chip (PnP setup - 0x120,0x210,0xf00)
575 port # for MPU-401 UART (PnP setup - 0x300), -1 = disable
577 FM port # for CS4236 chip (PnP setup - 0x388), -1 = disable
579 IRQ # for CS4236 chip (5,7,9,11,12,15)
581 IRQ # for MPU-401 UART (9,11,12,15)
583 first DMA # for CS4236 chip (0,1,3)
585 second DMA # for CS4236 chip (0,1,3), -1 = disable
587 This module supports multiple cards. This module does not support autoprobe
588 (if ISA PnP is not used) thus main port and control port must be
589 specified!!! Other ports are optional.
591 The power-management is supported.
593 This module is aliased as snd-cs4232 since it provides the old
594 snd-cs4232 functionality, too.
599 Module for Cirrus Logic CS4281 soundchip.
602 Secondary codec ID (0 = disable, default)
604 This module supports multiple cards.
606 The power-management is supported.
611 Module for PCI sound cards based on CS4610/CS4612/CS4614/CS4615/CS4622/
612 CS4624/CS4630/CS4280 PCI chips.
615 Force to enable external amplifier.
617 Force to enable Thinkpad's CLKRUN control.
619 Support OSS mmap mode (default = 0).
621 This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
622 Usually external amp and CLKRUN controls are detected automatically
623 from PCI sub vendor/device ids. If they don't work, give the options
626 The power-management is supported.
631 Module for Cyrix/NatSemi Geode 5530 chip.
633 Module snd-cs5535audio
634 ----------------------
636 Module for multifunction CS5535 companion PCI device
638 The power-management is supported.
643 Module for Creative Sound Blaster X-Fi boards (20k1 / 20k2 chips)
645 * Creative Sound Blaster X-Fi Titanium Fatal1ty Champion Series
646 * Creative Sound Blaster X-Fi Titanium Fatal1ty Professional Series
647 * Creative Sound Blaster X-Fi Titanium Professional Audio
648 * Creative Sound Blaster X-Fi Titanium
649 * Creative Sound Blaster X-Fi Elite Pro
650 * Creative Sound Blaster X-Fi Platinum
651 * Creative Sound Blaster X-Fi Fatal1ty
652 * Creative Sound Blaster X-Fi XtremeGamer
653 * Creative Sound Blaster X-Fi XtremeMusic
656 reference sample rate, 44100 or 48000 (default)
658 multiple to ref. sample rate, 1 or 2 (default)
660 override the PCI SSID for probing;
661 the value consists of SSVID << 16 | SSDID.
662 The default is zero, which means no override.
664 This module supports multiple cards.
669 Module for Echoaudio Darla20
671 This module supports multiple cards.
672 The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.
677 Module for Echoaudio Darla24
679 This module supports multiple cards.
680 The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.
685 Module for Diamond Technologies DT-019X / Avance Logic ALS-007 (PnP
688 This module supports multiple cards. This module is enabled only with
691 The power-management is supported.
696 Module for the dummy sound card. This "card" doesn't do any output
697 or input, but you may use this module for any application which
698 requires a sound card (like RealPlayer).
701 Number of PCM devices assigned to each card (default = 1, up to 4)
703 Number of PCM substreams assigned to each PCM (default = 8, up to 128)
705 Use hrtimer (=1, default) or system timer (=0)
707 Fake buffer allocations (default = 1)
709 When multiple PCM devices are created, snd-dummy gives different
710 behavior to each PCM device:
711 * 0 = interleaved with mmap support
712 * 1 = non-interleaved with mmap support
713 * 2 = interleaved without mmap
714 * 3 = non-interleaved without mmap
716 As default, snd-dummy drivers doesn't allocate the real buffers
717 but either ignores read/write or mmap a single dummy page to all
718 buffer pages, in order to save the resources. If your apps need
719 the read/ written buffer data to be consistent, pass fake_buffer=0
722 The power-management is supported.
727 Module for Echoaudio 3G cards (Gina3G/Layla3G)
729 This module supports multiple cards.
730 The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.
735 Module for EMU10K1/EMU10k2 based PCI sound cards.
737 * Sound Blaster Live!
738 * Sound Blaster PCI 512
739 * Sound Blaster Audigy
740 * E-MU APS (partially supported)
744 bitmap of available external inputs for FX8010 (see below)
746 bitmap of available external outputs for FX8010 (see below)
748 allocated sequencer ports (4 by default)
750 limit of voices used for wavetable (64 by default)
752 specifies the maximum size of wavetable/pcm buffers given in MB
753 unit. Default value is 128.
757 This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
759 Input & Output configurations [extin/extout]
760 * Creative Card wo/Digital out [0x0003/0x1f03]
761 * Creative Card w/Digital out [0x0003/0x1f0f]
762 * Creative Card w/Digital CD in [0x000f/0x1f0f]
763 * Creative Card wo/Digital out + LiveDrive [0x3fc3/0x1fc3]
764 * Creative Card w/Digital out + LiveDrive [0x3fc3/0x1fcf]
765 * Creative Card w/Digital CD in + LiveDrive [0x3fcf/0x1fcf]
766 * Creative Card wo/Digital out + Digital I/O 2 [0x0fc3/0x1f0f]
767 * Creative Card w/Digital out + Digital I/O 2 [0x0fc3/0x1f0f]
768 * Creative Card w/Digital CD in + Digital I/O 2 [0x0fcf/0x1f0f]
769 * Creative Card 5.1/w Digital out + LiveDrive [0x3fc3/0x1fff]
770 * Creative Card 5.1 (c) 2003 [0x3fc3/0x7cff]
771 * Creative Card all ins and outs [0x3fff/0x7fff]
773 The power-management is supported.
778 Module for Creative Emu10k1X (SB Live Dell OEM version)
780 This module supports multiple cards.
785 Module for Ensoniq AudioPCI ES1370 PCI sound cards.
787 * SoundBlaster PCI 64
788 * SoundBlaster PCI 128
791 Enable joystick (default off)
793 This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
795 The power-management is supported.
800 Module for Ensoniq AudioPCI ES1371 PCI sound cards.
802 * SoundBlaster PCI 64
803 * SoundBlaster PCI 128
804 * SoundBlaster Vibra PCI
807 port # for joystick (0x200,0x208,0x210,0x218), 0 = disable
808 (default), 1 = auto-detect
810 This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
812 The power-management is supported.
817 Module for ESS AudioDrive ES-1688 and ES-688 sound cards.
820 ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
822 port # for MPU-401 port (0x300,0x310,0x320,0x330), -1 = disable (default)
824 IRQ # for MPU-401 port (5,7,9,10)
826 port # for OPL3 (option; share the same port as default)
828 with ``isapnp=0``, the following additional options are available:
831 port # for ES-1688 chip (0x220,0x240,0x260)
833 IRQ # for ES-1688 chip (5,7,9,10)
835 DMA # for ES-1688 chip (0,1,3)
837 This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe (without MPU-401 port)
838 and PnP with the ES968 chip.
843 Module for ESS AudioDrive ES-18xx sound cards.
846 ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
848 with ``isapnp=0``, the following options are available:
851 port # for ES-18xx chip (0x220,0x240,0x260)
853 port # for MPU-401 port (0x300,0x310,0x320,0x330), -1 = disable (default)
855 port # for FM (optional, not used)
857 IRQ # for ES-18xx chip (5,7,9,10)
859 first DMA # for ES-18xx chip (0,1,3)
861 first DMA # for ES-18xx chip (0,1,3)
863 This module supports multiple cards, ISA PnP and autoprobe (without MPU-401
864 port if native ISA PnP routines are not used).
865 When ``dma2`` is equal with ``dma1``, the driver works as half-duplex.
867 The power-management is supported.
872 Module for sound cards based on ESS Solo-1 (ES1938,ES1946) chips.
874 This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
876 The power-management is supported.
881 Module for sound cards based on ESS Maestro-1/2/2E (ES1968/ES1978) chips.
884 total buffer size in kB (1-4096kB)
886 playback channels (1-8, default=2)
888 capture channels (1-8, default=0)
890 clock (0 = auto-detection)
892 support the power-management (0 = off, 1 = on, 2 = auto (default))
894 enable MPU401 (0 = off, 1 = on, 2 = auto (default))
896 enable joystick (default off)
898 This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
900 The power-management is supported.
905 Module for ForteMedia FM801 based PCI sound cards.
908 Enable TEA575x tuner;
909 1 = MediaForte 256-PCS,
910 2 = MediaForte 256-PCPR,
911 3 = MediaForte 64-PCR
912 High 16-bits are video (radio) device number + 1;
913 example: 0x10002 (MediaForte 256-PCPR, device 1)
915 This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
917 The power-management is supported.
922 Module for Echoaudio Gina20
924 This module supports multiple cards.
925 The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.
930 Module for Echoaudio Gina24
932 This module supports multiple cards.
933 The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.
935 Module snd-gusclassic
936 ---------------------
938 Module for Gravis UltraSound Classic sound card.
941 port # for GF1 chip (0x220,0x230,0x240,0x250,0x260)
943 IRQ # for GF1 chip (3,5,9,11,12,15)
945 DMA # for GF1 chip (1,3,5,6,7)
947 DMA # for GF1 chip (1,3,5,6,7,-1=disable)
949 0 to 31, (0.59V-4.52V or 0.389V-2.98V)
951 GF1 voices limit (14-32)
955 This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
957 Module snd-gusextreme
958 ---------------------
960 Module for Gravis UltraSound Extreme (Synergy ViperMax) sound card.
963 port # for ES-1688 chip (0x220,0x230,0x240,0x250,0x260)
965 port # for GF1 chip (0x210,0x220,0x230,0x240,0x250,0x260,0x270)
967 port # for MPU-401 port (0x300,0x310,0x320,0x330), -1 = disable
969 IRQ # for ES-1688 chip (5,7,9,10)
971 IRQ # for GF1 chip (3,5,9,11,12,15)
973 IRQ # for MPU-401 port (5,7,9,10)
975 DMA # for ES-1688 chip (0,1,3)
977 DMA # for GF1 chip (1,3,5,6,7)
979 0 to 31, (0.59V-4.52V or 0.389V-2.98V)
981 GF1 voices limit (14-32)
985 This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe (without MPU-401 port).
990 Module for Gravis UltraSound MAX sound card.
993 port # for GF1 chip (0x220,0x230,0x240,0x250,0x260)
995 IRQ # for GF1 chip (3,5,9,11,12,15)
997 DMA # for GF1 chip (1,3,5,6,7)
999 DMA # for GF1 chip (1,3,5,6,7,-1=disable)
1001 0 to 31, (0.59V-4.52V or 0.389V-2.98V)
1003 GF1 voices limit (14-32)
1007 This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
1009 Module snd-hda-intel
1010 --------------------
1012 Module for Intel HD Audio (ICH6, ICH6M, ESB2, ICH7, ICH8, ICH9, ICH10,
1013 PCH, SCH), ATI SB450, SB600, R600, RS600, RS690, RS780, RV610, RV620,
1014 RV630, RV635, RV670, RV770, VIA VT8251/VT8237A, SIS966, ULI M5461
1016 [Multiple options for each card instance]
1019 force the model name
1022 -1 = system default: choose appropriate one per controller hardware,
1023 0 = auto: falls back to LPIB when POSBUF doesn't work,
1025 2 = POSBUF: use position buffer,
1026 3 = VIACOMBO: VIA-specific workaround for capture,
1027 4 = COMBO: use LPIB for playback, auto for capture stream
1028 5 = SKL+: apply the delay calculation available on recent Intel chips
1029 6 = FIFO: correct the position with the fixed FIFO size, for recent AMD chips
1031 Bitmask to probe codecs (default = -1, meaning all slots);
1032 When the bit 8 (0x100) is set, the lower 8 bits are used
1033 as the "fixed" codec slots; i.e. the driver probes the
1034 slots regardless what hardware reports back
1036 Only probing and no codec initialization (default=off);
1037 Useful to check the initial codec status for debugging
1039 Specifies the DMA IRQ timing delay in samples.
1040 Passing -1 will make the driver to choose the appropriate
1041 value based on the controller chip.
1043 Specifies the early "patch" files to modify the HD-audio setup
1044 before initializing the codecs.
1045 This option is available only when ``CONFIG_SND_HDA_PATCH_LOADER=y``
1046 is set. See hd-audio/notes.rst for details.
1048 Selects the beep registration mode (0=off, 1=on);
1049 default value is set via ``CONFIG_SND_HDA_INPUT_BEEP_MODE`` kconfig.
1051 [Single (global) options]
1054 Use single immediate commands to communicate with codecs
1055 (for debugging only)
1057 Enable Message Signaled Interrupt (MSI) (default = off)
1059 Automatic power-saving timeout (in second, 0 = disable)
1060 power_save_controller
1061 Reset HD-audio controller in power-saving mode (default = on)
1063 Force rounding of buffer/period sizes to multiples of 128 bytes.
1064 This is more efficient in terms of memory access but isn't
1065 required by the HDA spec and prevents users from specifying
1066 exact period/buffer sizes. (default = on)
1068 Enable/disable snooping (default = on)
1070 This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
1072 See hd-audio/notes.rst for more details about HD-audio driver.
1074 Each codec may have a model table for different configurations.
1075 If your machine isn't listed there, the default (usually minimal)
1076 configuration is set up. You can pass ``model=<name>`` option to
1077 specify a certain model in such a case. There are different
1078 models depending on the codec chip. The list of available models
1079 is found in hd-audio/models.rst.
1081 The model name ``generic`` is treated as a special case. When this
1082 model is given, the driver uses the generic codec parser without
1083 "codec-patch". It's sometimes good for testing and debugging.
1085 The model option can be used also for aliasing to another PCI or codec
1086 SSID. When it's passed in the form of ``model=XXXX:YYYY`` where XXXX
1087 and YYYY are the sub-vendor and sub-device IDs in hex numbers,
1088 respectively, the driver will refer to that SSID as a reference to the
1091 If the default configuration doesn't work and one of the above
1092 matches with your device, report it together with alsa-info.sh
1093 output (with ``--no-upload`` option) to kernel bugzilla or alsa-devel
1094 ML (see the section `Links and Addresses`_).
1096 ``power_save`` and ``power_save_controller`` options are for power-saving
1097 mode. See powersave.rst for details.
1099 Note 2: If you get click noises on output, try the module option
1100 ``position_fix=1`` or ``2``. ``position_fix=1`` will use the SD_LPIB
1101 register value without FIFO size correction as the current
1102 DMA pointer. ``position_fix=2`` will make the driver to use
1103 the position buffer instead of reading SD_LPIB register.
1104 (Usually SD_LPIB register is more accurate than the
1107 ``position_fix=3`` is specific to VIA devices. The position
1108 of the capture stream is checked from both LPIB and POSBUF
1109 values. ``position_fix=4`` is a combination mode, using LPIB
1110 for playback and POSBUF for capture.
1112 NB: If you get many ``azx_get_response timeout`` messages at
1113 loading, it's likely a problem of interrupts (e.g. ACPI irq
1114 routing). Try to boot with options like ``pci=noacpi``. Also, you
1115 can try ``single_cmd=1`` module option. This will switch the
1116 communication method between HDA controller and codecs to the
1117 single immediate commands instead of CORB/RIRB. Basically, the
1118 single command mode is provided only for BIOS, and you won't get
1119 unsolicited events, too. But, at least, this works independently
1120 from the irq. Remember this is a last resort, and should be
1121 avoided as much as possible...
1123 MORE NOTES ON ``azx_get_response timeout`` PROBLEMS:
1124 On some hardware, you may need to add a proper probe_mask option
1125 to avoid the ``azx_get_response timeout`` problem above, instead.
1126 This occurs when the access to non-existing or non-working codec slot
1127 (likely a modem one) causes a stall of the communication via HD-audio
1128 bus. You can see which codec slots are probed by enabling
1129 ``CONFIG_SND_DEBUG_VERBOSE``, or simply from the file name of the codec
1130 proc files. Then limit the slots to probe by probe_mask option.
1131 For example, ``probe_mask=1`` means to probe only the first slot, and
1132 ``probe_mask=4`` means only the third slot.
1134 The power-management is supported.
1139 Module for RME Hammerfall DSP audio interface(s)
1141 This module supports multiple cards.
1143 Note: The firmware data can be automatically loaded via hotplug
1144 when ``CONFIG_FW_LOADER`` is set. Otherwise, you need to load
1145 the firmware via hdsploader utility included in alsa-tools
1147 The firmware data is found in alsa-firmware package.
1149 Note: snd-page-alloc module does the job which snd-hammerfall-mem
1150 module did formerly. It will allocate the buffers in advance
1151 when any HDSP cards are found. To make the buffer
1152 allocation sure, load snd-page-alloc module in the early
1153 stage of boot sequence. See `Early Buffer Allocation`_
1159 Module for RME HDSP MADI board.
1162 Enable precise pointer, or disable.
1164 Send playback streams to analog outs by default.
1166 Enable Analog Out on Channel 63/64 by default.
1168 See hdspm.rst for details.
1173 Module for Envy24 (ICE1712) based PCI sound cards.
1175 * MidiMan M Audio Delta 1010
1176 * MidiMan M Audio Delta 1010LT
1177 * MidiMan M Audio Delta DiO 2496
1178 * MidiMan M Audio Delta 66
1179 * MidiMan M Audio Delta 44
1180 * MidiMan M Audio Delta 410
1181 * MidiMan M Audio Audiophile 2496
1184 * TerraTec EWX 24/96
1185 * TerraTec DMX 6Fire
1187 * Hoontech SoundTrack DSP 24
1188 * Hoontech SoundTrack DSP 24 Value
1189 * Hoontech SoundTrack DSP 24 Media 7.1
1190 * Event Electronics, EZ8
1192 * Lionstracs, Mediastaton
1196 Use the given board model, one of the following:
1197 delta1010, dio2496, delta66, delta44, audiophile, delta410,
1198 delta1010lt, vx442, ewx2496, ews88mt, ews88mt_new, ews88d,
1199 dmx6fire, dsp24, dsp24_value, dsp24_71, ez8,
1200 phase88, mediastation
1202 Omni I/O support for MidiMan M-Audio Delta44/66
1204 reset timeout for the CS8427 chip (S/PDIF transceiver) in msec
1205 resolution, default value is 500 (0.5 sec)
1207 This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
1208 Note: The consumer part is not used with all Envy24 based cards (for
1209 example in the MidiMan Delta siree).
1211 Note: The supported board is detected by reading EEPROM or PCI
1212 SSID (if EEPROM isn't available). You can override the
1213 model by passing ``model`` module option in case that the
1214 driver isn't configured properly or you want to try another
1220 Module for Envy24HT (VT/ICE1724), Envy24PT (VT1720) based PCI sound cards.
1222 * MidiMan M Audio Revolution 5.1
1223 * MidiMan M Audio Revolution 7.1
1224 * MidiMan M Audio Audiophile 192
1226 * TerraTec Aureon 5.1 Sky
1227 * TerraTec Aureon 7.1 Space
1228 * TerraTec Aureon 7.1 Universe
1231 * AudioTrak Prodigy 7.1
1232 * AudioTrak Prodigy 7.1 LT
1233 * AudioTrak Prodigy 7.1 XT
1234 * AudioTrak Prodigy 7.1 HIFI
1235 * AudioTrak Prodigy 7.1 HD2
1236 * AudioTrak Prodigy 192
1238 * Albatron K8X800 Pro II
1239 * Chaintech ZNF3-150
1240 * Chaintech ZNF3-250
1248 * Hercules Fortissimo IV
1249 * EGO-SYS WaveTerminal 192M
1252 Use the given board model, one of the following:
1253 revo51, revo71, amp2000, prodigy71, prodigy71lt,
1254 prodigy71xt, prodigy71hifi, prodigyhd2, prodigy192,
1255 juli, aureon51, aureon71, universe, ap192, k8x800,
1256 phase22, phase28, ms300, av710, se200pci, se90pci,
1257 fortissimo4, sn25p, WT192M, maya44
1259 This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
1261 Note: The supported board is detected by reading EEPROM or PCI
1262 SSID (if EEPROM isn't available). You can override the
1263 model by passing ``model`` module option in case that the
1264 driver isn't configured properly or you want to try another
1270 Module for Echoaudio Indigo
1272 This module supports multiple cards.
1273 The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.
1278 Module for Echoaudio Indigo DJ
1280 This module supports multiple cards.
1281 The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.
1286 Module for Echoaudio Indigo IO
1288 This module supports multiple cards.
1289 The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.
1294 Module for AC'97 motherboards from Intel and compatibles.
1296 * Intel i810/810E, i815, i820, i830, i84x, MX440 ICH5, ICH6, ICH7,
1298 * SiS 7012 (SiS 735)
1299 * NVidia NForce, NForce2, NForce3, MCP04, CK804 CK8, CK8S, MCP501
1300 * AMD AMD768, AMD8111
1304 AC'97 codec clock base (0 = auto-detect)
1306 AC'97 workaround for strange hardware;
1307 See `AC97 Quirk Option`_ section below.
1309 Enable workaround for buggy interrupts on some motherboards
1310 (default yes on nForce chips, otherwise off)
1312 Enable workaround for hardware with buggy semaphores (e.g. on some
1313 ASUS laptops) (default off)
1315 Use S/PDIF over AC-link instead of direct connection from the
1316 controller chip (0 = off, 1 = on, -1 = default)
1318 This module supports one chip and autoprobe.
1320 Note: the latest driver supports auto-detection of chip clock.
1321 if you still encounter too fast playback, specify the clock
1322 explicitly via the module option ``ac97_clock=41194``.
1324 Joystick/MIDI ports are not supported by this driver. If your
1325 motherboard has these devices, use the ns558 or snd-mpu401
1326 modules, respectively.
1328 The power-management is supported.
1330 Module snd-intel8x0m
1331 --------------------
1333 Module for Intel ICH (i8x0) chipset MC97 modems.
1335 * Intel i810/810E, i815, i820, i830, i84x, MX440 ICH5, ICH6, ICH7
1336 * SiS 7013 (SiS 735)
1337 * NVidia NForce, NForce2, NForce2s, NForce3
1342 AC'97 codec clock base (0 = auto-detect)
1344 This module supports one card and autoprobe.
1346 Note: The default index value of this module is -2, i.e. the first
1349 The power-management is supported.
1351 Module snd-interwave
1352 --------------------
1354 Module for Gravis UltraSound PnP, Dynasonic 3-D/Pro, STB Sound Rage 32
1355 and other sound cards based on AMD InterWave (tm) chip.
1358 0 to 31, (0.59V-4.52V or 0.389V-2.98V)
1360 1 = MIDI UART enable, 0 = MIDI UART disable (default)
1362 reserved PCM voices for the synthesizer (default 2)
1364 1 = InterWave effects enable (default 0); requires 8 voices
1366 ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
1368 with ``isapnp=0``, the following options are available:
1371 port # for InterWave chip (0x210,0x220,0x230,0x240,0x250,0x260)
1373 IRQ # for InterWave chip (3,5,9,11,12,15)
1375 DMA # for InterWave chip (0,1,3,5,6,7)
1377 DMA # for InterWave chip (0,1,3,5,6,7,-1=disable)
1379 This module supports multiple cards, autoprobe and ISA PnP.
1381 Module snd-interwave-stb
1382 ------------------------
1384 Module for UltraSound 32-Pro (sound card from STB used by Compaq)
1385 and other sound cards based on AMD InterWave (tm) chip with TEA6330T
1386 circuit for extended control of bass, treble and master volume.
1389 0 to 31, (0.59V-4.52V or 0.389V-2.98V)
1391 1 = MIDI UART enable, 0 = MIDI UART disable (default)
1393 reserved PCM voices for the synthesizer (default 2)
1395 1 = InterWave effects enable (default 0); requires 8 voices
1397 ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
1399 with ``isapnp=0``, the following options are available:
1402 port # for InterWave chip (0x210,0x220,0x230,0x240,0x250,0x260)
1404 tone control (i2c bus) port # for TEA6330T chip (0x350,0x360,0x370,0x380)
1406 IRQ # for InterWave chip (3,5,9,11,12,15)
1408 DMA # for InterWave chip (0,1,3,5,6,7)
1410 DMA # for InterWave chip (0,1,3,5,6,7,-1=disable)
1412 This module supports multiple cards, autoprobe and ISA PnP.
1417 Module for Media Vision Jazz16 chipset. The chipset consists of 3 chips:
1418 MVD1216 + MVA416 + MVA514.
1421 port # for SB DSP chip (0x210,0x220,0x230,0x240,0x250,0x260)
1423 IRQ # for SB DSP chip (3,5,7,9,10,15)
1425 DMA # for SB DSP chip (1,3)
1427 DMA # for SB DSP chip (5,7)
1429 MPU-401 port # (0x300,0x310,0x320,0x330)
1431 MPU-401 irq # (2,3,5,7)
1433 This module supports multiple cards.
1438 Module for Korg 1212 IO PCI card
1440 This module supports multiple cards.
1445 Module for Echoaudio Layla20
1447 This module supports multiple cards.
1448 The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.
1453 Module for Echoaudio Layla24
1455 This module supports multiple cards.
1456 The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.
1461 Module for Digigram Lola PCI-e boards
1463 This module supports multiple cards.
1468 Module for Digigram LX6464ES boards
1470 This module supports multiple cards.
1475 Module for Allegro/Maestro3 chips
1478 enable external amp (enabled by default)
1480 GPIO pin number for external amp (0-15) or -1 for default pin (8
1481 for allegro, 1 for others)
1483 This module supports autoprobe and multiple chips.
1485 Note: the binding of amplifier is dependent on hardware.
1486 If there is no sound even though all channels are unmuted, try to
1487 specify other gpio connection via amp_gpio option.
1488 For example, a Panasonic notebook might need ``amp_gpio=0x0d``
1491 The power-management is supported.
1496 Module for Echoaudio Mia
1498 This module supports multiple cards.
1499 The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.
1504 Module for Miro soundcards: miroSOUND PCM 1 pro, miroSOUND PCM 12,
1505 miroSOUND PCM 20 Radio.
1508 Port # (0x530,0x604,0xe80,0xf40)
1516 MPU-401 port # (0x300,0x310,0x320,0x330)
1518 MPU-401 irq # (5,7,9,10)
1524 enable onboard ide support
1529 Module for Digigram miXart8 sound cards.
1531 This module supports multiple cards.
1532 Note: One miXart8 board will be represented as 4 alsa cards.
1533 See Documentation/sound/cards/mixart.rst for details.
1535 When the driver is compiled as a module and the hotplug firmware
1536 is supported, the firmware data is loaded via hotplug automatically.
1537 Install the necessary firmware files in alsa-firmware package.
1538 When no hotplug fw loader is available, you need to load the
1539 firmware via mixartloader utility in alsa-tools package.
1544 Module for Echoaudio Mona
1546 This module supports multiple cards.
1547 The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.
1552 Module for MPU-401 UART devices.
1555 port number or -1 (disable)
1557 IRQ number or -1 (disable)
1559 PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
1561 This module supports multiple devices and PnP.
1563 Module snd-msnd-classic
1564 -----------------------
1566 Module for Turtle Beach MultiSound Classic, Tahiti or Monterey
1570 Port # for msnd-classic card
1572 IRQ # for msnd-classic card
1574 Memory address (0xb0000, 0xc8000, 0xd0000, 0xd8000, 0xe0000 or 0xe8000)
1576 enable write ndelay (default = 1)
1578 calibrate signal (default = 0)
1580 ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
1582 Digital daughterboard present (default = 0)
1584 Config port (0x250, 0x260 or 0x270) default = PnP
1600 The driver requires firmware files ``/*(DEBLOBBED)*/`` and
1601 ``/*(DEBLOBBED)*/`` in the proper firmware directory.
1603 See Documentation/sound/cards/multisound.sh for important information
1604 about this driver. Note that it has been discontinued, but the
1605 Voyetra Turtle Beach knowledge base entry for it is still available
1607 https://www.turtlebeach.com
1609 Module snd-msnd-pinnacle
1610 ------------------------
1612 Module for Turtle Beach MultiSound Pinnacle/Fiji soundcards.
1615 Port # for pinnacle/fiji card
1617 IRQ # for pinnalce/fiji card
1619 Memory address (0xb0000, 0xc8000, 0xd0000, 0xd8000, 0xe0000 or 0xe8000)
1621 enable write ndelay (default = 1)
1623 calibrate signal (default = 0)
1625 ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
1627 The driver requires firmware files ``/*(DEBLOBBED)*/`` and
1628 ``/*(DEBLOBBED)*/`` in the proper firmware directory.
1633 Module for MOTU MidiTimePiece AV multiport MIDI (on the parallel
1637 I/O port # for MTPAV (0x378,0x278, default=0x378)
1639 IRQ # for MTPAV (7,5, default=7)
1641 number of supported hardware ports, default=8.
1643 Module supports only 1 card. This module has no enable option.
1648 Module for Ego Systems (ESI) Miditerminal 4140
1650 This module supports multiple devices.
1651 Requires parport (``CONFIG_PARPORT``).
1656 Module for NeoMagic NM256AV/ZX chips
1659 max playback frame size in kB (4-128kB)
1661 max capture frame size in kB (4-128kB)
1663 0 or 1 (disabled by default)
1665 specify buffer top address
1667 0 or 1 (disabled by default)
1669 alias buffer_top=0x25a800
1671 enable AC97 RESET workaround for some laptops
1673 enable extended AC97 RESET workaround for some other laptops
1675 This module supports one chip and autoprobe.
1677 The power-management is supported.
1679 Note: on some notebooks the buffer address cannot be detected
1680 automatically, or causes hang-up during initialization.
1681 In such a case, specify the buffer top address explicitly via
1682 the buffer_top option.
1684 Sony F250: buffer_top=0x25a800
1685 Sony F270: buffer_top=0x272800
1686 The driver supports only ac97 codec. It's possible to force
1687 to initialize/use ac97 although it's not detected. In such a
1688 case, use ``force_ac97=1`` option - but *NO* guarantee whether it
1691 Note: The NM256 chip can be linked internally with non-AC97
1692 codecs. This driver supports only the AC97 codec, and won't work
1693 with machines with other (most likely CS423x or OPL3SAx) chips,
1694 even though the device is detected in lspci. In such a case, try
1695 other drivers, e.g. snd-cs4232 or snd-opl3sa2. Some has ISA-PnP
1696 but some doesn't have ISA PnP. You'll need to specify ``isapnp=0``
1697 and proper hardware parameters in the case without ISA PnP.
1699 Note: some laptops need a workaround for AC97 RESET. For the
1700 known hardware like Dell Latitude LS and Sony PCG-F305, this
1701 workaround is enabled automatically. For other laptops with a
1702 hard freeze, you can try ``reset_workaround=1`` option.
1704 Note: Dell Latitude CSx laptops have another problem regarding
1705 AC97 RESET. On these laptops, reset_workaround2 option is
1706 turned on as default. This option is worth to try if the
1707 previous reset_workaround option doesn't help.
1709 Note: This driver is really crappy. It's a porting from the
1710 OSS driver, which is a result of black-magic reverse engineering.
1711 The detection of codec will fail if the driver is loaded *after*
1712 X-server as described above. You might be able to force to load
1713 the module, but it may result in hang-up. Hence, make sure that
1714 you load this module *before* X if you encounter this kind of
1720 Module for Yamaha OPL3-SA2/SA3 sound cards.
1723 ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
1725 with ``isapnp=0``, the following options are available:
1728 control port # for OPL3-SA chip (0x370)
1730 SB port # for OPL3-SA chip (0x220,0x240)
1732 WSS port # for OPL3-SA chip (0x530,0xe80,0xf40,0x604)
1734 port # for MPU-401 UART (0x300,0x330), -1 = disable
1736 FM port # for OPL3-SA chip (0x388), -1 = disable
1738 IRQ # for OPL3-SA chip (5,7,9,10)
1740 first DMA # for Yamaha OPL3-SA chip (0,1,3)
1742 second DMA # for Yamaha OPL3-SA chip (0,1,3), -1 = disable
1744 This module supports multiple cards and ISA PnP. It does not support
1745 autoprobe (if ISA PnP is not used) thus all ports must be specified!!!
1747 The power-management is supported.
1749 Module snd-opti92x-ad1848
1750 -------------------------
1752 Module for sound cards based on OPTi 82c92x and Analog Devices AD1848 chips.
1753 Module works with OAK Mozart cards as well.
1756 ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
1758 with ``isapnp=0``, the following options are available:
1761 port # for WSS chip (0x530,0xe80,0xf40,0x604)
1763 port # for MPU-401 UART (0x300,0x310,0x320,0x330)
1765 port # for OPL3 device (0x388)
1767 IRQ # for WSS chip (5,7,9,10,11)
1769 IRQ # for MPU-401 UART (5,7,9,10)
1771 first DMA # for WSS chip (0,1,3)
1773 This module supports only one card, autoprobe and PnP.
1775 Module snd-opti92x-cs4231
1776 -------------------------
1778 Module for sound cards based on OPTi 82c92x and Crystal CS4231 chips.
1781 ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
1783 with ``isapnp=0``, the following options are available:
1786 port # for WSS chip (0x530,0xe80,0xf40,0x604)
1788 port # for MPU-401 UART (0x300,0x310,0x320,0x330)
1790 port # for OPL3 device (0x388)
1792 IRQ # for WSS chip (5,7,9,10,11)
1794 IRQ # for MPU-401 UART (5,7,9,10)
1796 first DMA # for WSS chip (0,1,3)
1798 second DMA # for WSS chip (0,1,3)
1800 This module supports only one card, autoprobe and PnP.
1805 Module for sound cards based on OPTi 82c93x chips.
1808 ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
1810 with ``isapnp=0``, the following options are available:
1813 port # for WSS chip (0x530,0xe80,0xf40,0x604)
1815 port # for MPU-401 UART (0x300,0x310,0x320,0x330)
1817 port # for OPL3 device (0x388)
1819 IRQ # for WSS chip (5,7,9,10,11)
1821 IRQ # for MPU-401 UART (5,7,9,10)
1823 first DMA # for WSS chip (0,1,3)
1825 second DMA # for WSS chip (0,1,3)
1827 This module supports only one card, autoprobe and PnP.
1832 Module for sound cards based on the C-Media CMI8786/8787/8788 chip:
1836 * AuzenTech X-Meridian
1837 * AuzenTech X-Meridian 2G
1839 * Club3D Theatron DTS
1840 * HT-Omega Claro (plus)
1841 * HT-Omega Claro halo (XT)
1842 * Kuroutoshikou CMI8787-HG2PCI
1843 * Razer Barracuda AC-1
1845 * TempoTec HiFier Fantasia
1846 * TempoTec HiFier Serenade
1848 This module supports autoprobe and multiple cards.
1853 Module for internal PC-Speaker.
1856 Disable PC-Speaker PCM sound. Only beeps remain.
1858 enable NForce chipset workaround. Expect bad sound.
1860 This module supports system beeps, some kind of PCM playback and
1861 even a few mixer controls.
1866 Module for Digigram PCXHR boards
1868 This module supports multiple cards.
1870 Module snd-portman2x4
1871 ---------------------
1873 Module for Midiman Portman 2x4 parallel port MIDI interface
1875 This module supports multiple cards.
1877 Module snd-powermac (on ppc only)
1878 ---------------------------------
1880 Module for PowerMac, iMac and iBook on-board soundchips
1883 enable beep using PCM (enabled as default)
1885 Module supports autoprobe a chip.
1887 Note: the driver may have problems regarding endianness.
1889 The power-management is supported.
1891 Module snd-pxa2xx-ac97 (on arm only)
1892 ------------------------------------
1894 Module for AC97 driver for the Intel PXA2xx chip
1896 For ARM architecture only.
1898 The power-management is supported.
1903 Module for Conexant Riptide chip
1906 Joystick port # (default: 0x200)
1908 MPU401 port # (default: 0x330)
1910 OPL3 port # (default: 0x388)
1912 This module supports multiple cards.
1913 The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.
1914 You need to install the firmware file ``/*(DEBLOBBED)*/`` to the standard
1915 firmware path (e.g. /lib/firmware).
1920 Module for RME Digi32, Digi32 Pro and Digi32/8 (Sek'd Prodif32,
1921 Prodif96 and Prodif Gold) sound cards.
1923 This module supports multiple cards.
1928 Module for RME Digi96, Digi96/8 and Digi96/8 PRO/PAD/PST sound cards.
1930 This module supports multiple cards.
1935 Module for RME Digi9652 (Hammerfall, Hammerfall-Light) sound cards.
1938 Enable precise pointer (doesn't work reliably). (default = 0)
1940 This module supports multiple cards.
1942 Note: snd-page-alloc module does the job which snd-hammerfall-mem
1943 module did formerly. It will allocate the buffers in advance
1944 when any RME9652 cards are found. To make the buffer
1945 allocation sure, load snd-page-alloc module in the early
1946 stage of boot sequence. See `Early Buffer Allocation`_
1949 Module snd-sa11xx-uda1341 (on arm only)
1950 ---------------------------------------
1952 Module for Philips UDA1341TS on Compaq iPAQ H3600 sound card.
1954 Module supports only one card.
1955 Module has no enable and index options.
1957 The power-management is supported.
1962 Module for 8-bit SoundBlaster cards: SoundBlaster 1.0, SoundBlaster 2.0,
1966 port # for SB DSP chip (0x220,0x240,0x260)
1968 IRQ # for SB DSP chip (5,7,9,10)
1970 DMA # for SB DSP chip (1,3)
1972 This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
1974 The power-management is supported.
1976 Module snd-sb16 and snd-sbawe
1977 -----------------------------
1979 Module for 16-bit SoundBlaster cards: SoundBlaster 16 (PnP),
1980 SoundBlaster AWE 32 (PnP), SoundBlaster AWE 64 PnP
1983 Mic Auto-Gain-Control - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
1985 ASP/CSP chip support - 0 = disable (default), 1 = enable
1987 ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
1989 with isapnp=0, the following options are available:
1992 port # for SB DSP 4.x chip (0x220,0x240,0x260)
1994 port # for MPU-401 UART (0x300,0x330), -1 = disable
1996 base port # for EMU8000 synthesizer (0x620,0x640,0x660) (snd-sbawe
1999 IRQ # for SB DSP 4.x chip (5,7,9,10)
2001 8-bit DMA # for SB DSP 4.x chip (0,1,3)
2003 16-bit DMA # for SB DSP 4.x chip (5,6,7)
2005 This module supports multiple cards, autoprobe and ISA PnP.
2007 Note: To use Vibra16X cards in 16-bit half duplex mode, you must
2008 disable 16bit DMA with dma16 = -1 module parameter.
2009 Also, all Sound Blaster 16 type cards can operate in 16-bit
2010 half duplex mode through 8-bit DMA channel by disabling their
2013 The power-management is supported.
2018 Module for Gallant SC-6000 soundcard and later models: SC-6600 and
2022 Port # (0x220 or 0x240)
2024 MSS Port # (0x530 or 0xe80)
2028 MPU-401 IRQ # (5,7,9,10) ,0 - no MPU-401 irq
2032 Enable gameport - 0 = disable (default), 1 = enable
2034 This module supports multiple cards.
2036 This card is also known as Audio Excel DSP 16 or Zoltrix AV302.
2041 Module for ENSONIQ SoundScape cards.
2046 WSS Port # (PnP setup)
2050 MPU-401 IRQ # (PnP setup)
2054 2nd DMA # (PnP setup, -1 to disable)
2056 Enable gameport - 0 = disable (default), 1 = enable
2058 This module supports multiple cards.
2060 The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.
2062 Module snd-sun-amd7930 (on sparc only)
2063 --------------------------------------
2065 Module for AMD7930 sound chips found on Sparcs.
2067 This module supports multiple cards.
2069 Module snd-sun-cs4231 (on sparc only)
2070 -------------------------------------
2072 Module for CS4231 sound chips found on Sparcs.
2074 This module supports multiple cards.
2076 Module snd-sun-dbri (on sparc only)
2077 -----------------------------------
2079 Module for DBRI sound chips found on Sparcs.
2081 This module supports multiple cards.
2083 Module snd-wavefront
2084 --------------------
2086 Module for Turtle Beach Maui, Tropez and Tropez+ sound cards.
2089 Use CS4232 MPU-401 interface
2090 (inaccessibly located inside your computer)
2092 ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
2094 with isapnp=0, the following options are available:
2097 Port # for CS4232 PCM interface.
2099 IRQ # for CS4232 PCM interface (5,7,9,11,12,15).
2101 Port # for CS4232 MPU-401 interface.
2103 IRQ # for CS4232 MPU-401 interface (9,11,12,15).
2111 DMA1 # for CS4232 PCM interface.
2113 DMA2 # for CS4232 PCM interface.
2115 The below are options for wavefront_synth features:
2118 Assume that we need to boot the OS (default:no);
2119 If yes, then during driver loading, the state of the board is
2120 ignored, and we reset the board and load the firmware anyway.
2122 Assume that the FX process needs help (default:yes);
2123 If false, we'll leave the FX processor in whatever state it is
2124 when the driver is loaded. The default is to download the
2125 microprogram and associated coefficients to set it up for
2126 "default" operation, whatever that means.
2128 Debug parameters for card initialization
2130 How long to wait without sleeping, usecs (default:150);
2131 This magic number seems to give pretty optimal throughput
2132 based on my limited experimentation.
2133 If you want to play around with it and find a better value, be
2134 my guest. Remember, the idea is to get a number that causes us
2135 to just busy wait for as many WaveFront commands as possible,
2136 without coming up with a number so large that we hog the whole
2138 Specifically, with this number, out of about 134,000 status
2139 waits, only about 250 result in a sleep.
2141 How long to sleep when waiting for reply (default: 100)
2143 How many times to try sleeping during a wait (default: 50)
2145 Pathname to processed ICS2115 OS firmware (default:/*(DEBLOBBED)*/);
2146 The path name of the ISC2115 OS firmware. In the recent
2147 version, it's handled via firmware loader framework, so it
2148 must be installed in the proper path, typically,
2151 How long to wait for a reset to take effect (default:2)
2153 How many seconds to wait for the RAM test (default:20)
2155 How many seconds to wait for the ICS2115 OS (default:10)
2157 This module supports multiple cards and ISA PnP.
2159 Note: the firmware file ``/*(DEBLOBBED)*/`` was located in the earlier
2160 version in /etc. Now it's loaded via firmware loader, and
2161 must be in the proper firmware path, such as /lib/firmware.
2162 Copy (or symlink) the file appropriately if you get an error
2163 regarding firmware downloading after upgrading the kernel.
2165 Module snd-sonicvibes
2166 ---------------------
2168 Module for S3 SonicVibes PCI sound cards.
2169 * PINE Schubert 32 PCI
2172 Reverb Enable - 1 = enable, 0 = disable (default);
2173 SoundCard must have onboard SRAM for this.
2175 Mic Gain Enable - 1 = enable, 0 = disable (default)
2177 This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
2179 Module snd-serial-u16550
2180 ------------------------
2182 Module for UART16550A serial MIDI ports.
2185 port # for UART16550A chip
2187 IRQ # for UART16550A chip, -1 = poll mode
2189 speed in bauds (9600,19200,38400,57600,115200)
2192 base for divisor in bauds (57600,115200,230400,460800)
2195 number of MIDI ports in a serial port (1-4)
2199 0 = Soundcanvas, 1 = MS-124T, 2 = MS-124W S/A,
2200 3 = MS-124W M/B, 4 = Generic
2202 This module supports multiple cards. This module does not support autoprobe
2203 thus the main port must be specified!!! Other options are optional.
2208 Module for Trident 4DWave DX/NX sound cards.
2209 * Best Union Miss Melody 4DWave PCI
2211 * Warpspeed ONSpeed 4DWave PCI
2214 * CHIC True Sound 4Dwave
2215 * Shark Predator4D-PCI
2216 * Jaton SonicWave 4D
2217 * SiS SI7018 PCI Audio
2218 * Hoontech SoundTrack Digital 4DWave NX
2221 max channels (voices) reserved for PCM
2223 max wavetable size in kB (4-?kb)
2225 This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
2227 The power-management is supported.
2232 Module for the Edirol UA-101/UA-1000 audio/MIDI interfaces.
2234 This module supports multiple devices, autoprobe and hotplugging.
2236 Module snd-usb-audio
2237 --------------------
2239 Module for USB audio and USB MIDI devices.
2242 Vendor ID for the device (optional)
2244 Product ID for the device (optional)
2246 Max. number of packets per URB (default: 8)
2248 Device specific magic number (optional);
2249 Influence depends on the device
2252 Ignore any USB-controller regarding mixer interface (default: no)
2254 Enable auto-clock selection for UAC2 devices (default: yes)
2256 Quirk alias list, pass strings like ``0123abcd:5678beef``, which
2257 applies the existing quirk for the device 5678:beef to a new
2260 Apply the generic implicit feedback sync mode. When this is set
2261 and the playback stream sync mode is ASYNC, the driver tries to
2262 tie an adjacent ASYNC capture stream as the implicit feedback
2263 source. This is equivalent with quirk_flags bit 17.
2265 Use vmalloc() for allocations of the PCM buffers (default: yes).
2266 For architectures with non-coherent memory like ARM or MIPS, the
2267 mmap access may give inconsistent results with vmalloc'ed
2268 buffers. If mmap is used on such architectures, turn off this
2269 option, so that the DMA-coherent buffers are allocated and used
2272 The option is needed for devices that have multiple streams
2273 defined in multiple USB interfaces. The driver may invoke
2274 registrations multiple times (once per interface) and this may
2275 lead to the insufficient device enumeration.
2276 This option receives an array of strings, and you can pass
2277 ID:INTERFACE like ``0123abcd:4`` for performing the delayed
2278 registration to the given device. In this example, when a USB
2279 device 0123:abcd is probed, the driver waits the registration
2280 until the USB interface 4 gets probed.
2281 The driver prints a message like "Found post-registration device
2282 assignment: 1234abcd:04" for such a device, so that user can
2285 Contains the bit flags for various device specific workarounds.
2286 Applied to the corresponding card index.
2288 * bit 0: Skip reading sample rate for devices
2289 * bit 1: Create Media Controller API entries
2290 * bit 2: Allow alignment on audio sub-slot at transfer
2291 * bit 3: Add length specifier to transfers
2292 * bit 4: Start playback stream at first in implement feedback mode
2293 * bit 5: Skip clock selector setup
2294 * bit 6: Ignore errors from clock source search
2295 * bit 7: Indicates ITF-USB DSD based DACs
2296 * bit 8: Add a delay of 20ms at each control message handling
2297 * bit 9: Add a delay of 1-2ms at each control message handling
2298 * bit 10: Add a delay of 5-6ms at each control message handling
2299 * bit 11: Add a delay of 50ms at each interface setup
2300 * bit 12: Perform sample rate validations at probe
2301 * bit 13: Disable runtime PM autosuspend
2302 * bit 14: Ignore errors for mixer access
2303 * bit 15: Support generic DSD raw U32_BE format
2304 * bit 16: Set up the interface at first like UAC1
2305 * bit 17: Apply the generic implicit feedback sync mode
2306 * bit 18: Don't apply implicit feedback sync mode
2308 This module supports multiple devices, autoprobe and hotplugging.
2310 NB: ``nrpacks`` parameter can be modified dynamically via sysfs.
2311 Don't put the value over 20. Changing via sysfs has no sanity
2314 NB: ``ignore_ctl_error=1`` may help when you get an error at accessing
2315 the mixer element such as URB error -22. This happens on some
2316 buggy USB device or the controller. This workaround corresponds to
2317 the ``quirk_flags`` bit 14, too.
2319 NB: ``quirk_alias`` option is provided only for testing / development.
2320 If you want to have a proper support, contact to upstream for
2321 adding the matching quirk in the driver code statically.
2322 Ditto for ``quirk_flags``. If a device is known to require specific
2323 workarounds, please report to the upstream.
2325 Module snd-usb-caiaq
2326 --------------------
2328 Module for caiaq UB audio interfaces,
2330 * Native Instruments RigKontrol2
2331 * Native Instruments Kore Controller
2332 * Native Instruments Audio Kontrol 1
2333 * Native Instruments Audio 8 DJ
2335 This module supports multiple devices, autoprobe and hotplugging.
2337 Module snd-usb-usx2y
2338 --------------------
2340 Module for Tascam USB US-122, US-224 and US-428 devices.
2342 This module supports multiple devices, autoprobe and hotplugging.
2344 Note: you need to load the firmware via ``usx2yloader`` utility included
2345 in alsa-tools and alsa-firmware packages.
2350 Module for AC'97 motherboards based on VIA 82C686A/686B, 8233, 8233A,
2351 8233C, 8235, 8237 (south) bridge.
2354 0x300,0x310,0x320,0x330, otherwise obtain BIOS setup
2357 Enable joystick (default off) [VIA686A/686B only]
2359 AC'97 codec clock base (default 48000Hz)
2361 support DXS channels, 0 = auto (default), 1 = enable, 2 = disable,
2362 3 = 48k only, 4 = no VRA, 5 = enable any sample rate and different
2363 sample rates on different channels [VIA8233/C, 8235, 8237 only]
2365 AC'97 workaround for strange hardware;
2366 See `AC97 Quirk Option`_ section below.
2368 This module supports one chip and autoprobe.
2370 Note: on some SMP motherboards like MSI 694D the interrupts might
2371 not be generated properly. In such a case, please try to
2372 set the SMP (or MPS) version on BIOS to 1.1 instead of
2373 default value 1.4. Then the interrupt number will be
2374 assigned under 15. You might also upgrade your BIOS.
2376 Note: VIA8233/5/7 (not VIA8233A) can support DXS (direct sound)
2377 channels as the first PCM. On these channels, up to 4
2378 streams can be played at the same time, and the controller
2379 can perform sample rate conversion with separate rates for
2381 As default (``dxs_support = 0``), 48k fixed rate is chosen
2382 except for the known devices since the output is often
2383 noisy except for 48k on some mother boards due to the
2385 Please try once ``dxs_support=5`` and if it works on other
2386 sample rates (e.g. 44.1kHz of mp3 playback), please let us
2387 know the PCI subsystem vendor/device id's (output of
2389 If ``dxs_support=5`` does not work, try ``dxs_support=4``; if it
2390 doesn't work too, try dxs_support=1. (dxs_support=1 is
2391 usually for old motherboards. The correct implemented
2392 board should work with 4 or 5.) If it still doesn't
2393 work and the default setting is ok, ``dxs_support=3`` is the
2394 right choice. If the default setting doesn't work at all,
2395 try ``dxs_support=2`` to disable the DXS channels.
2396 In any cases, please let us know the result and the
2397 subsystem vendor/device ids. See `Links and Addresses`_
2400 Note: for the MPU401 on VIA823x, use snd-mpu401 driver
2401 additionally. The mpu_port option is for VIA686 chips only.
2403 The power-management is supported.
2405 Module snd-via82xx-modem
2406 ------------------------
2408 Module for VIA82xx AC97 modem
2411 AC'97 codec clock base (default 48000Hz)
2413 This module supports one card and autoprobe.
2415 Note: The default index value of this module is -2, i.e. the first
2418 The power-management is supported.
2423 Module for virtual rawmidi devices.
2424 This module creates virtual rawmidi devices which communicate
2425 to the corresponding ALSA sequencer ports.
2428 MIDI devices # (1-4, default=4)
2430 This module supports multiple cards.
2435 Module for sound cards based on the Asus AV66/AV100/AV200 chips,
2436 i.e., Xonar D1, DX, D2, D2X, DS, DSX, Essence ST (Deluxe),
2437 Essence STX (II), HDAV1.3 (Deluxe), and HDAV1.3 Slim.
2439 This module supports autoprobe and multiple cards.
2444 Module for Digigram VX-Pocket VX222, V222 v2 and Mic cards.
2447 Enable Microphone on V222 Mic (NYI)
2449 Capture IBL size. (default = 0, minimum size)
2451 This module supports multiple cards.
2453 When the driver is compiled as a module and the hotplug firmware
2454 is supported, the firmware data is loaded via hotplug automatically.
2455 Install the necessary firmware files in alsa-firmware package.
2456 When no hotplug fw loader is available, you need to load the
2457 firmware via vxloader utility in alsa-tools package. To invoke
2458 vxloader automatically, add the following to /etc/modprobe.d/alsa.conf
2462 install snd-vx222 /sbin/modprobe --first-time -i snd-vx222\
2463 && /usr/bin/vxloader
2465 (for 2.2/2.4 kernels, add ``post-install /usr/bin/vxloader`` to
2466 /etc/modules.conf, instead.)
2467 IBL size defines the interrupts period for PCM. The smaller size
2468 gives smaller latency but leads to more CPU consumption, too.
2469 The size is usually aligned to 126. As default (=0), the smallest
2470 size is chosen. The possible IBL values can be found in
2471 /proc/asound/cardX/vx-status proc file.
2473 The power-management is supported.
2478 Module for Digigram VX-Pocket VX2 and 440 PCMCIA cards.
2481 Capture IBL size. (default = 0, minimum size)
2483 This module supports multiple cards. The module is compiled only when
2484 PCMCIA is supported on kernel.
2486 With the older 2.6.x kernel, to activate the driver via the card
2487 manager, you'll need to set up /etc/pcmcia/vxpocket.conf. See the
2488 sound/pcmcia/vx/vxpocket.c. 2.6.13 or later kernel requires no
2489 longer require a config file.
2491 When the driver is compiled as a module and the hotplug firmware
2492 is supported, the firmware data is loaded via hotplug automatically.
2493 Install the necessary firmware files in alsa-firmware package.
2494 When no hotplug fw loader is available, you need to load the
2495 firmware via vxloader utility in alsa-tools package.
2497 About capture IBL, see the description of snd-vx222 module.
2499 Note: snd-vxp440 driver is merged to snd-vxpocket driver since
2502 The power-management is supported.
2507 Module for Yamaha PCI chips (YMF72x, YMF74x & YMF75x).
2510 0x300,0x330,0x332,0x334, 0 (disable) by default,
2511 1 (auto-detect for YMF744/754 only)
2513 0x388,0x398,0x3a0,0x3a8, 0 (disable) by default
2514 1 (auto-detect for YMF744/754 only)
2516 0x201,0x202,0x204,0x205, 0 (disable) by default,
2519 enable shared rear/line-in switch (bool)
2521 This module supports autoprobe and multiple chips.
2523 The power-management is supported.
2525 Module snd-pdaudiocf
2526 --------------------
2528 Module for Sound Core PDAudioCF sound card.
2530 The power-management is supported.
2536 The ac97_quirk option is used to enable/override the workaround for
2537 specific devices on drivers for on-board AC'97 controllers like
2538 snd-intel8x0. Some hardware have swapped output pins between Master
2539 and Headphone, or Surround (thanks to confusion of AC'97
2540 specifications from version to version :-)
2542 The driver provides the auto-detection of known problematic devices,
2543 but some might be unknown or wrongly detected. In such a case, pass
2544 the proper value with this option.
2546 The following strings are accepted:
2549 Don't override the default setting
2553 Bind Master and Headphone controls as a single control
2555 Swap headphone and master controls
2557 Swap master and surround controls
2559 For AD1985, turn on OMS bit and use headphone
2561 For ALC65x, turn on the jack sense mode
2563 Inverted EAPD implementation
2565 Bind EAPD bit for turning on/off mute LED
2567 For backward compatibility, the corresponding integer value -1, 0, ...
2570 For example, if ``Master`` volume control has no effect on your device
2571 but only ``Headphone`` does, pass ac97_quirk=hp_only module option.
2574 Configuring Non-ISAPNP Cards
2575 ============================
2577 When the kernel is configured with ISA-PnP support, the modules
2578 supporting the isapnp cards will have module options ``isapnp``.
2579 If this option is set, *only* the ISA-PnP devices will be probed.
2580 For probing the non ISA-PnP cards, you have to pass ``isapnp=0`` option
2581 together with the proper i/o and irq configuration.
2583 When the kernel is configured without ISA-PnP support, isapnp option
2584 will be not built in.
2587 Module Autoloading Support
2588 ==========================
2590 The ALSA drivers can be loaded automatically on demand by defining
2591 module aliases. The string ``snd-card-%1`` is requested for ALSA native
2592 devices where ``%i`` is sound card number from zero to seven.
2594 To auto-load an ALSA driver for OSS services, define the string
2595 ``sound-slot-%i`` where ``%i`` means the slot number for OSS, which
2596 corresponds to the card index of ALSA. Usually, define this
2597 as the same card module.
2599 An example configuration for a single emu10k1 card is like below:
2602 ----- /etc/modprobe.d/alsa.conf
2603 alias snd-card-0 snd-emu10k1
2604 alias sound-slot-0 snd-emu10k1
2605 ----- /etc/modprobe.d/alsa.conf
2607 The available number of auto-loaded sound cards depends on the module
2608 option ``cards_limit`` of snd module. As default it's set to 1.
2609 To enable the auto-loading of multiple cards, specify the number of
2610 sound cards in that option.
2612 When multiple cards are available, it'd better to specify the index
2613 number for each card via module option, too, so that the order of
2614 cards is kept consistent.
2616 An example configuration for two sound cards is like below:
2619 ----- /etc/modprobe.d/alsa.conf
2621 options snd cards_limit=2
2622 alias snd-card-0 snd-interwave
2623 alias snd-card-1 snd-ens1371
2624 options snd-interwave index=0
2625 options snd-ens1371 index=1
2627 alias sound-slot-0 snd-interwave
2628 alias sound-slot-1 snd-ens1371
2629 ----- /etc/modprobe.d/alsa.conf
2631 In this example, the interwave card is always loaded as the first card
2632 (index 0) and ens1371 as the second (index 1).
2634 Alternative (and new) way to fixate the slot assignment is to use
2635 ``slots`` option of snd module. In the case above, specify like the
2639 options snd slots=snd-interwave,snd-ens1371
2641 Then, the first slot (#0) is reserved for snd-interwave driver, and
2642 the second (#1) for snd-ens1371. You can omit index option in each
2643 driver if slots option is used (although you can still have them at
2644 the same time as long as they don't conflict).
2646 The slots option is especially useful for avoiding the possible
2647 hot-plugging and the resultant slot conflict. For example, in the
2648 case above again, the first two slots are already reserved. If any
2649 other driver (e.g. snd-usb-audio) is loaded before snd-interwave or
2650 snd-ens1371, it will be assigned to the third or later slot.
2652 When a module name is given with '!', the slot will be given for any
2653 modules but that name. For example, ``slots=!snd-pcsp`` will reserve
2654 the first slot for any modules but snd-pcsp.
2657 ALSA PCM devices to OSS devices mapping
2658 =======================================
2661 /dev/snd/pcmC0D0[c|p] -> /dev/audio0 (/dev/audio) -> minor 4
2662 /dev/snd/pcmC0D0[c|p] -> /dev/dsp0 (/dev/dsp) -> minor 3
2663 /dev/snd/pcmC0D1[c|p] -> /dev/adsp0 (/dev/adsp) -> minor 12
2664 /dev/snd/pcmC1D0[c|p] -> /dev/audio1 -> minor 4+16 = 20
2665 /dev/snd/pcmC1D0[c|p] -> /dev/dsp1 -> minor 3+16 = 19
2666 /dev/snd/pcmC1D1[c|p] -> /dev/adsp1 -> minor 12+16 = 28
2667 /dev/snd/pcmC2D0[c|p] -> /dev/audio2 -> minor 4+32 = 36
2668 /dev/snd/pcmC2D0[c|p] -> /dev/dsp2 -> minor 3+32 = 39
2669 /dev/snd/pcmC2D1[c|p] -> /dev/adsp2 -> minor 12+32 = 44
2671 The first number from ``/dev/snd/pcmC{X}D{Y}[c|p]`` expression means
2672 sound card number and second means device number. The ALSA devices
2673 have either ``c`` or ``p`` suffix indicating the direction, capture and
2674 playback, respectively.
2676 Please note that the device mapping above may be varied via the module
2677 options of snd-pcm-oss module.
2680 Proc interfaces (/proc/asound)
2681 ==============================
2683 /proc/asound/card#/pcm#[cp]/oss
2684 -------------------------------
2686 erase all additional information about OSS applications
2688 <app_name> <fragments> <fragment_size> [<options>]
2690 name of application with (higher priority) or without path
2692 number of fragments or zero if auto
2694 size of fragment in bytes or zero if auto
2699 the application tries to open a pcm device for
2700 this channel but does not want to use it.
2701 (Cause a bug or mmap needs)
2702 It's good for Quake etc...
2706 force block mode (rvplayer)
2708 force non-block mode
2710 write only whole fragments (optimization affecting
2713 do not fill silence ahead to avoid clicks
2715 Returns the whitespace blocks in GETOPTR ioctl
2716 instead of filled blocks
2721 echo "x11amp 128 16384" > /proc/asound/card0/pcm0p/oss
2722 echo "squake 0 0 disable" > /proc/asound/card0/pcm0c/oss
2723 echo "rvplayer 0 0 block" > /proc/asound/card0/pcm0p/oss
2726 Early Buffer Allocation
2727 =======================
2729 Some drivers (e.g. hdsp) require the large contiguous buffers, and
2730 sometimes it's too late to find such spaces when the driver module is
2731 actually loaded due to memory fragmentation. You can pre-allocate the
2732 PCM buffers by loading snd-page-alloc module and write commands to its
2733 proc file in prior, for example, in the early boot stage like
2734 ``/etc/init.d/*.local`` scripts.
2736 Reading the proc file /proc/drivers/snd-page-alloc shows the current
2737 usage of page allocation. In writing, you can send the following
2738 commands to the snd-page-alloc driver:
2740 * add VENDOR DEVICE MASK SIZE BUFFERS
2742 VENDOR and DEVICE are PCI vendor and device IDs. They take
2743 integer numbers (0x prefix is needed for the hex).
2744 MASK is the PCI DMA mask. Pass 0 if not restricted.
2745 SIZE is the size of each buffer to allocate. You can pass
2746 k and m suffix for KB and MB. The max number is 16MB.
2747 BUFFERS is the number of buffers to allocate. It must be greater
2748 than 0. The max number is 4.
2752 This will erase the all pre-allocated buffers which are not in
2759 ALSA project homepage
2760 http://www.alsa-project.org
2762 http://bugzilla.kernel.org/
2764 mailto:alsa-devel@alsa-project.org
2766 https://www.alsa-project.org/alsa-info.sh