3 Submitting Drivers For The Linux Kernel
4 =======================================
6 This document is intended to explain how to submit device drivers to the
7 various kernel trees. Note that if you are interested in video card drivers
8 you should probably talk to XFree86 (http://www.xfree86.org/) and/or X.Org
9 (http://x.org/) instead.
13 This document is old and has seen little maintenance in recent years; it
14 should probably be updated or, perhaps better, just deleted. Most of
15 what is here can be found in the other development documents anyway.
17 Oh, and we don't really recommend submitting changes to XFree86 :)
19 Also read the Documentation/process/submitting-patches.rst document.
22 Allocating Device Numbers
23 -------------------------
25 Major and minor numbers for block and character devices are allocated
26 by the Linux assigned name and number authority (currently this is
27 Torben Mathiasen). The site is http://www.lanana.org/. This
28 also deals with allocating numbers for devices that are not going to
29 be submitted to the mainstream kernel.
30 See Documentation/admin-guide/devices.rst for more information on this.
32 If you don't use assigned numbers then when your device is submitted it will
33 be given an assigned number even if that is different from values you may
34 have shipped to customers before.
36 Who To Submit Drivers To
37 ------------------------
40 No new drivers are accepted for this kernel tree.
43 No new drivers are accepted for this kernel tree.
46 If the code area has a general maintainer then please submit it to
47 the maintainer listed in MAINTAINERS in the kernel file. If the
48 maintainer does not respond or you cannot find the appropriate
49 maintainer then please contact Willy Tarreau <w@1wt.eu>.
52 The same rules apply as 2.4 except that you should follow linux-kernel
53 to track changes in API's. The final contact point for Linux 2.6+
54 submissions is Andrew Morton.
56 What Criteria Determine Acceptance
57 ----------------------------------
60 The code must be released to us under the
61 GNU General Public License. We don't insist on any kind
62 of exclusive GPL licensing, and if you wish the driver
63 to be useful to other communities such as BSD you may well
64 wish to release under multiple licenses.
65 See accepted licenses at include/linux/module.h
68 The copyright owner must agree to use of GPL.
69 It's best if the submitter and copyright owner
70 are the same person/entity. If not, the name of
71 the person/entity authorizing use of GPL should be
72 listed in case it's necessary to verify the will of
76 If your driver uses existing interfaces and behaves like
77 other drivers in the same class it will be much more likely
78 to be accepted than if it invents gratuitous new ones.
79 If you need to implement a common API over Linux and NT
80 drivers do it in userspace.
83 Please use the Linux style of code formatting as documented
84 in :ref:`Documentation/process/coding-style.rst <codingStyle>`.
85 If you have sections of code
86 that need to be in other formats, for example because they
87 are shared with a windows driver kit and you want to
88 maintain them just once separate them out nicely and note
92 Pointers are not always 32bits, not all computers are little
93 endian, people do not all have floating point and you
94 shouldn't use inline x86 assembler in your driver without
95 careful thought. Pure x86 drivers generally are not popular.
96 If you only have x86 hardware it is hard to test portability
97 but it is easy to make sure the code can easily be made
101 It helps if anyone can see how to fix the driver. It helps
102 you because you get patches not bug reports. If you submit a
103 driver that intentionally obfuscates how the hardware works
104 it will go in the bitbucket.
107 Since Linux is used on many portable and desktop systems, your
108 driver is likely to be used on such a system and therefore it
109 should support basic power management by implementing, if
110 necessary, the .suspend and .resume methods used during the
111 system-wide suspend and resume transitions. You should verify
112 that your driver correctly handles the suspend and resume, but
113 if you are unable to ensure that, please at least define the
114 .suspend method returning the -ENOSYS ("Function not
115 implemented") error. You should also try to make sure that your
116 driver uses as little power as possible when it's not doing
117 anything. For the driver testing instructions see
118 Documentation/power/drivers-testing.txt and for a relatively
119 complete overview of the power management issues related to
120 drivers see Documentation/power/admin-guide/devices.rst .
123 In general if there is active maintenance of a driver by
124 the author then patches will be redirected to them unless
125 they are totally obvious and without need of checking.
126 If you want to be the contact and update point for the
127 driver it is a good idea to state this in the comments,
128 and include an entry in MAINTAINERS for your driver.
130 What Criteria Do Not Determine Acceptance
131 -----------------------------------------
134 Being the hardware vendor and maintaining the driver is
135 often a good thing. If there is a stable working driver from
136 other people already in the tree don't expect 'we are the
137 vendor' to get your driver chosen. Ideally work with the
138 existing driver author to build a single perfect driver.
141 It doesn't matter if a large Linux company wrote the driver,
142 or you did. Nobody has any special access to the kernel
143 tree. Anyone who tells you otherwise isn't telling the
150 Linux kernel master tree:
151 ftp.\ *country_code*\ .kernel.org:/pub/linux/kernel/...
153 where *country_code* == your country code, such as
154 **us**, **uk**, **fr**, etc.
156 http://git.kernel.org/?p=linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git
158 Linux kernel mailing list:
159 linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org
160 [mail majordomo@vger.kernel.org to subscribe]
162 Linux Device Drivers, Third Edition (covers 2.6.10):
163 http://lwn.net/Kernel/LDD3/ (free version)
166 Weekly summary of kernel development activity - http://lwn.net/
170 http://lwn.net/Articles/2.6-kernel-api/
172 Porting drivers from prior kernels to 2.6:
174 http://lwn.net/Articles/driver-porting/
177 Documentation and assistance for new kernel programmers
179 http://kernelnewbies.org/
182 http://www.linux-usb.org/
184 How to NOT write kernel driver by Arjan van de Ven:
185 http://www.fenrus.org/how-to-not-write-a-device-driver-paper.pdf
188 http://kernelnewbies.org/KernelJanitors
190 GIT, Fast Version Control System: