1 Linux* Base Driver for Intel(R) Ethernet Network Connection
2 ===========================================================
4 Intel Gigabit Linux driver.
5 Copyright(c) 1999 - 2013 Intel Corporation.
10 - Identifying Your Adapter
11 - Command Line Parameters
12 - Speed and Duplex Configuration
13 - Additional Configurations
16 Identifying Your Adapter
17 ========================
19 For more information on how to identify your adapter, go to the Adapter &
22 http://support.intel.com/support/go/network/adapter/idguide.htm
24 For the latest Intel network drivers for Linux, refer to the following
25 website. In the search field, enter your adapter name or type, or use the
26 networking link on the left to search for your adapter:
28 http://support.intel.com/support/go/network/adapter/home.htm
30 Command Line Parameters
31 =======================
33 The default value for each parameter is generally the recommended setting,
34 unless otherwise noted.
36 NOTES: For more information about the AutoNeg, Duplex, and Speed
37 parameters, see the "Speed and Duplex Configuration" section in
40 For more information about the InterruptThrottleRate,
41 RxIntDelay, TxIntDelay, RxAbsIntDelay, and TxAbsIntDelay
42 parameters, see the application note at:
43 http://www.intel.com/design/network/applnots/ap450.htm
47 (Supported only on adapters with copper connections)
48 Valid Range: 0x01-0x0F, 0x20-0x2F
51 This parameter is a bit-mask that specifies the speed and duplex settings
52 advertised by the adapter. When this parameter is used, the Speed and
53 Duplex parameters must not be specified.
55 NOTE: Refer to the Speed and Duplex section of this readme for more
56 information on the AutoNeg parameter.
60 (Supported only on adapters with copper connections)
61 Valid Range: 0-2 (0=auto-negotiate, 1=half, 2=full)
64 This defines the direction in which data is allowed to flow. Can be
65 either one or two-directional. If both Duplex and the link partner are
66 set to auto-negotiate, the board auto-detects the correct duplex. If the
67 link partner is forced (either full or half), Duplex defaults to half-
72 Valid Range: 0-3 (0=none, 1=Rx only, 2=Tx only, 3=Rx&Tx)
73 Default Value: Reads flow control settings from the EEPROM
75 This parameter controls the automatic generation(Tx) and response(Rx)
76 to Ethernet PAUSE frames.
80 (not supported on Intel(R) 82542, 82543 or 82544-based adapters)
81 Valid Range: 0,1,3,4,100-100000 (0=off, 1=dynamic, 3=dynamic conservative,
82 4=simplified balancing)
85 The driver can limit the amount of interrupts per second that the adapter
86 will generate for incoming packets. It does this by writing a value to the
87 adapter that is based on the maximum amount of interrupts that the adapter
88 will generate per second.
90 Setting InterruptThrottleRate to a value greater or equal to 100
91 will program the adapter to send out a maximum of that many interrupts
92 per second, even if more packets have come in. This reduces interrupt
93 load on the system and can lower CPU utilization under heavy load,
94 but will increase latency as packets are not processed as quickly.
96 The default behaviour of the driver previously assumed a static
97 InterruptThrottleRate value of 8000, providing a good fallback value for
98 all traffic types,but lacking in small packet performance and latency.
99 The hardware can handle many more small packets per second however, and
100 for this reason an adaptive interrupt moderation algorithm was implemented.
102 Since 7.3.x, the driver has two adaptive modes (setting 1 or 3) in which
103 it dynamically adjusts the InterruptThrottleRate value based on the traffic
104 that it receives. After determining the type of incoming traffic in the last
105 timeframe, it will adjust the InterruptThrottleRate to an appropriate value
108 The algorithm classifies the incoming traffic every interval into
109 classes. Once the class is determined, the InterruptThrottleRate value is
110 adjusted to suit that traffic type the best. There are three classes defined:
111 "Bulk traffic", for large amounts of packets of normal size; "Low latency",
112 for small amounts of traffic and/or a significant percentage of small
113 packets; and "Lowest latency", for almost completely small packets or
116 In dynamic conservative mode, the InterruptThrottleRate value is set to 4000
117 for traffic that falls in class "Bulk traffic". If traffic falls in the "Low
118 latency" or "Lowest latency" class, the InterruptThrottleRate is increased
119 stepwise to 20000. This default mode is suitable for most applications.
121 For situations where low latency is vital such as cluster or
122 grid computing, the algorithm can reduce latency even more when
123 InterruptThrottleRate is set to mode 1. In this mode, which operates
124 the same as mode 3, the InterruptThrottleRate will be increased stepwise to
125 70000 for traffic in class "Lowest latency".
127 In simplified mode the interrupt rate is based on the ratio of TX and
128 RX traffic. If the bytes per second rate is approximately equal, the
129 interrupt rate will drop as low as 2000 interrupts per second. If the
130 traffic is mostly transmit or mostly receive, the interrupt rate could
133 Setting InterruptThrottleRate to 0 turns off any interrupt moderation
134 and may improve small packet latency, but is generally not suitable
135 for bulk throughput traffic.
137 NOTE: InterruptThrottleRate takes precedence over the TxAbsIntDelay and
138 RxAbsIntDelay parameters. In other words, minimizing the receive
139 and/or transmit absolute delays does not force the controller to
140 generate more interrupts than what the Interrupt Throttle Rate
143 CAUTION: If you are using the Intel(R) PRO/1000 CT Network Connection
144 (controller 82547), setting InterruptThrottleRate to a value
145 greater than 75,000, may hang (stop transmitting) adapters
146 under certain network conditions. If this occurs a NETDEV
147 WATCHDOG message is logged in the system event log. In
148 addition, the controller is automatically reset, restoring
149 the network connection. To eliminate the potential for the
150 hang, ensure that InterruptThrottleRate is set no greater
151 than 75,000 and is not set to 0.
153 NOTE: When e1000 is loaded with default settings and multiple adapters
154 are in use simultaneously, the CPU utilization may increase non-
155 linearly. In order to limit the CPU utilization without impacting
156 the overall throughput, we recommend that you load the driver as
159 modprobe e1000 InterruptThrottleRate=3000,3000,3000
161 This sets the InterruptThrottleRate to 3000 interrupts/sec for
162 the first, second, and third instances of the driver. The range
163 of 2000 to 3000 interrupts per second works on a majority of
164 systems and is a good starting point, but the optimal value will
165 be platform-specific. If CPU utilization is not a concern, use
166 RX_POLLING (NAPI) and default driver settings.
170 Valid Range: 80-256 for 82542 and 82543-based adapters
171 80-4096 for all other supported adapters
174 This value specifies the number of receive buffer descriptors allocated
175 by the driver. Increasing this value allows the driver to buffer more
176 incoming packets, at the expense of increased system memory utilization.
178 Each descriptor is 16 bytes. A receive buffer is also allocated for each
179 descriptor and can be either 2048, 4096, 8192, or 16384 bytes, depending
180 on the MTU setting. The maximum MTU size is 16110.
182 NOTE: MTU designates the frame size. It only needs to be set for Jumbo
183 Frames. Depending on the available system resources, the request
184 for a higher number of receive descriptors may be denied. In this
185 case, use a lower number.
189 Valid Range: 0-65535 (0=off)
192 This value delays the generation of receive interrupts in units of 1.024
193 microseconds. Receive interrupt reduction can improve CPU efficiency if
194 properly tuned for specific network traffic. Increasing this value adds
195 extra latency to frame reception and can end up decreasing the throughput
196 of TCP traffic. If the system is reporting dropped receives, this value
197 may be set too high, causing the driver to run out of available receive
200 CAUTION: When setting RxIntDelay to a value other than 0, adapters may
201 hang (stop transmitting) under certain network conditions. If
202 this occurs a NETDEV WATCHDOG message is logged in the system
203 event log. In addition, the controller is automatically reset,
204 restoring the network connection. To eliminate the potential
205 for the hang ensure that RxIntDelay is set to 0.
209 (This parameter is supported only on 82540, 82545 and later adapters.)
210 Valid Range: 0-65535 (0=off)
213 This value, in units of 1.024 microseconds, limits the delay in which a
214 receive interrupt is generated. Useful only if RxIntDelay is non-zero,
215 this value ensures that an interrupt is generated after the initial
216 packet is received within the set amount of time. Proper tuning,
217 along with RxIntDelay, may improve traffic throughput in specific network
222 (This parameter is supported only on adapters with copper connections.)
223 Valid Settings: 0, 10, 100, 1000
224 Default Value: 0 (auto-negotiate at all supported speeds)
226 Speed forces the line speed to the specified value in megabits per second
227 (Mbps). If this parameter is not specified or is set to 0 and the link
228 partner is set to auto-negotiate, the board will auto-detect the correct
229 speed. Duplex should also be set when Speed is set to either 10 or 100.
233 Valid Range: 80-256 for 82542 and 82543-based adapters
234 80-4096 for all other supported adapters
237 This value is the number of transmit descriptors allocated by the driver.
238 Increasing this value allows the driver to queue more transmits. Each
239 descriptor is 16 bytes.
241 NOTE: Depending on the available system resources, the request for a
242 higher number of transmit descriptors may be denied. In this case,
247 Valid Range: 1 (use every Tx Descriptor)
248 4 (use every 4th Tx Descriptor)
250 Default Value: 1 (use every Tx Descriptor)
252 On certain non-Intel architectures, it has been observed that intense TX
253 traffic bursts of short packets may result in an improper descriptor
254 writeback. If this occurs, the driver will report a "TX Timeout" and reset
255 the adapter, after which the transmit flow will restart, though data may
256 have stalled for as much as 10 seconds before it resumes.
258 The improper writeback does not occur on the first descriptor in a system
259 memory cache-line, which is typically 32 bytes, or 4 descriptors long.
261 Setting TxDescriptorStep to a value of 4 will ensure that all TX descriptors
262 are aligned to the start of a system memory cache line, and so this problem
265 NOTES: Setting TxDescriptorStep to 4 effectively reduces the number of
266 TxDescriptors available for transmits to 1/4 of the normal allocation.
267 This has a possible negative performance impact, which may be
268 compensated for by allocating more descriptors using the TxDescriptors
271 There are other conditions which may result in "TX Timeout", which will
272 not be resolved by the use of the TxDescriptorStep parameter. As the
273 issue addressed by this parameter has never been observed on Intel
274 Architecture platforms, it should not be used on Intel platforms.
278 Valid Range: 0-65535 (0=off)
281 This value delays the generation of transmit interrupts in units of
282 1.024 microseconds. Transmit interrupt reduction can improve CPU
283 efficiency if properly tuned for specific network traffic. If the
284 system is reporting dropped transmits, this value may be set too high
285 causing the driver to run out of available transmit descriptors.
289 (This parameter is supported only on 82540, 82545 and later adapters.)
290 Valid Range: 0-65535 (0=off)
293 This value, in units of 1.024 microseconds, limits the delay in which a
294 transmit interrupt is generated. Useful only if TxIntDelay is non-zero,
295 this value ensures that an interrupt is generated after the initial
296 packet is sent on the wire within the set amount of time. Proper tuning,
297 along with TxIntDelay, may improve traffic throughput in specific
302 (This parameter is NOT supported on the 82542-based adapter.)
306 A value of '1' indicates that the driver should enable IP checksum
307 offload for received packets (both UDP and TCP) to the adapter hardware.
311 Valid Range: 0-xxxxxxx (0=off)
313 Usage: insmod e1000.ko copybreak=128
315 Driver copies all packets below or equaling this size to a fresh RX
316 buffer before handing it up the stack.
318 This parameter is different than other parameters, in that it is a
319 single (not 1,1,1 etc.) parameter applied to all driver instances and
320 it is also available during runtime at
321 /sys/module/e1000/parameters/copybreak
326 Default Value: 0 (disabled)
328 Allows PHY to turn off in lower power states. The user can turn off
329 this parameter in supported chipsets.
334 Default Value: 1 (enabled)
336 This workaround skips resetting the PHY at shutdown for the initial
337 silicon releases of ICH8 systems.
339 Speed and Duplex Configuration
340 ==============================
342 Three keywords are used to control the speed and duplex configuration.
343 These keywords are Speed, Duplex, and AutoNeg.
345 If the board uses a fiber interface, these keywords are ignored, and the
346 fiber interface board only links at 1000 Mbps full-duplex.
348 For copper-based boards, the keywords interact as follows:
350 The default operation is auto-negotiate. The board advertises all
351 supported speed and duplex combinations, and it links at the highest
352 common speed and duplex mode IF the link partner is set to auto-negotiate.
354 If Speed = 1000, limited auto-negotiation is enabled and only 1000 Mbps
355 is advertised (The 1000BaseT spec requires auto-negotiation.)
357 If Speed = 10 or 100, then both Speed and Duplex should be set. Auto-
358 negotiation is disabled, and the AutoNeg parameter is ignored. Partner
359 SHOULD also be forced.
361 The AutoNeg parameter is used when more control is required over the
362 auto-negotiation process. It should be used when you wish to control which
363 speed and duplex combinations are advertised during the auto-negotiation
366 The parameter may be specified as either a decimal or hexadecimal value as
367 determined by the bitmap below.
369 Bit position 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
370 Decimal Value 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
371 Hex value 80 40 20 10 8 4 2 1
372 Speed (Mbps) N/A N/A 1000 N/A 100 100 10 10
373 Duplex Full Full Half Full Half
375 Some examples of using AutoNeg:
377 modprobe e1000 AutoNeg=0x01 (Restricts autonegotiation to 10 Half)
378 modprobe e1000 AutoNeg=1 (Same as above)
379 modprobe e1000 AutoNeg=0x02 (Restricts autonegotiation to 10 Full)
380 modprobe e1000 AutoNeg=0x03 (Restricts autonegotiation to 10 Half or 10 Full)
381 modprobe e1000 AutoNeg=0x04 (Restricts autonegotiation to 100 Half)
382 modprobe e1000 AutoNeg=0x05 (Restricts autonegotiation to 10 Half or 100
384 modprobe e1000 AutoNeg=0x020 (Restricts autonegotiation to 1000 Full)
385 modprobe e1000 AutoNeg=32 (Same as above)
387 Note that when this parameter is used, Speed and Duplex must not be specified.
389 If the link partner is forced to a specific speed and duplex, then this
390 parameter should not be used. Instead, use the Speed and Duplex parameters
391 previously mentioned to force the adapter to the same speed and duplex.
393 Additional Configurations
394 =========================
398 Jumbo Frames support is enabled by changing the MTU to a value larger than
399 the default of 1500. Use the ifconfig command to increase the MTU size.
402 ifconfig eth<x> mtu 9000 up
404 This setting is not saved across reboots. It can be made permanent if
409 to the file /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth<x>. This example
410 applies to the Red Hat distributions; other distributions may store this
411 setting in a different location.
414 Degradation in throughput performance may be observed in some Jumbo frames
415 environments. If this is observed, increasing the application's socket buffer
416 size and/or increasing the /proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_*mem entry values may help.
417 See the specific application manual and /usr/src/linux*/Documentation/
418 networking/ip-sysctl.txt for more details.
420 - The maximum MTU setting for Jumbo Frames is 16110. This value coincides
421 with the maximum Jumbo Frames size of 16128.
423 - Using Jumbo frames at 10 or 100 Mbps is not supported and may result in
424 poor performance or loss of link.
426 - Adapters based on the Intel(R) 82542 and 82573V/E controller do not
427 support Jumbo Frames. These correspond to the following product names:
428 Intel(R) PRO/1000 Gigabit Server Adapter
429 Intel(R) PRO/1000 PM Network Connection
433 The driver utilizes the ethtool interface for driver configuration and
434 diagnostics, as well as displaying statistical information. The ethtool
435 version 1.6 or later is required for this functionality.
437 The latest release of ethtool can be found from
438 https://www.kernel.org/pub/software/network/ethtool/
440 Enabling Wake on LAN* (WoL)
441 ---------------------------
442 WoL is configured through the ethtool* utility.
444 WoL will be enabled on the system during the next shut down or reboot.
445 For this driver version, in order to enable WoL, the e1000 driver must be
446 loaded when shutting down or rebooting the system.
451 For general information, go to the Intel support website at:
453 http://support.intel.com
455 or the Intel Wired Networking project hosted by Sourceforge at:
457 http://sourceforge.net/projects/e1000
459 If an issue is identified with the released source code on the supported
460 kernel with a supported adapter, email the specific information related
461 to the issue to e1000-devel@lists.sf.net