18 Datagram Congestion Control Protocol (DCCP) is an unreliable, connection
19 oriented protocol designed to solve issues present in UDP and TCP, particularly
20 for real-time and multimedia (streaming) traffic.
21 It divides into a base protocol (RFC 4340) and pluggable congestion control
22 modules called CCIDs. Like pluggable TCP congestion control, at least one CCID
23 needs to be enabled in order for the protocol to function properly. In the Linux
24 implementation, this is the TCP-like CCID2 (RFC 4341). Additional CCIDs, such as
25 the TCP-friendly CCID3 (RFC 4342), are optional.
26 For a brief introduction to CCIDs and suggestions for choosing a CCID to match
27 given applications, see section 10 of RFC 4340.
29 It has a base protocol and pluggable congestion control IDs (CCIDs).
31 DCCP is a Proposed Standard (RFC 2026), and the homepage for DCCP as a protocol
32 is at http://www.ietf.org/html.charters/dccp-charter.html
37 The Linux DCCP implementation does not currently support all the features that are
38 specified in RFCs 4340...42.
40 The known bugs are at:
41 http://www.linuxfoundation.org/collaborate/workgroups/networking/todo#DCCP
43 For more up-to-date versions of the DCCP implementation, please consider using
44 the experimental DCCP test tree; instructions for checking this out are on:
45 http://www.linuxfoundation.org/collaborate/workgroups/networking/dccp_testing#Experimental_DCCP_source_tree
50 DCCP_SOCKOPT_QPOLICY_ID sets the dequeuing policy for outgoing packets. It takes
51 a policy ID as argument and can only be set before the connection (i.e. changes
52 during an established connection are not supported). Currently, two policies are
53 defined: the "simple" policy (DCCPQ_POLICY_SIMPLE), which does nothing special,
54 and a priority-based variant (DCCPQ_POLICY_PRIO). The latter allows to pass an
55 u32 priority value as ancillary data to sendmsg(), where higher numbers indicate
56 a higher packet priority (similar to SO_PRIORITY). This ancillary data needs to
57 be formatted using a cmsg(3) message header filled in as follows:
58 cmsg->cmsg_level = SOL_DCCP;
59 cmsg->cmsg_type = DCCP_SCM_PRIORITY;
60 cmsg->cmsg_len = CMSG_LEN(sizeof(uint32_t)); /* or CMSG_LEN(4) */
62 DCCP_SOCKOPT_QPOLICY_TXQLEN sets the maximum length of the output queue. A zero
63 value is always interpreted as unbounded queue length. If different from zero,
64 the interpretation of this parameter depends on the current dequeuing policy
65 (see above): the "simple" policy will enforce a fixed queue size by returning
66 EAGAIN, whereas the "prio" policy enforces a fixed queue length by dropping the
67 lowest-priority packet first. The default value for this parameter is
68 initialised from /proc/sys/net/dccp/default/tx_qlen.
70 DCCP_SOCKOPT_SERVICE sets the service. The specification mandates use of
71 service codes (RFC 4340, sec. 8.1.2); if this socket option is not set,
72 the socket will fall back to 0 (which means that no meaningful service code
73 is present). On active sockets this is set before connect(); specifying more
74 than one code has no effect (all subsequent service codes are ignored). The
75 case is different for passive sockets, where multiple service codes (up to 32)
76 can be set before calling bind().
78 DCCP_SOCKOPT_GET_CUR_MPS is read-only and retrieves the current maximum packet
79 size (application payload size) in bytes, see RFC 4340, section 14.
81 DCCP_SOCKOPT_AVAILABLE_CCIDS is also read-only and returns the list of CCIDs
82 supported by the endpoint. The option value is an array of type uint8_t whose
83 size is passed as option length. The minimum array size is 4 elements, the
84 value returned in the optlen argument always reflects the true number of
87 DCCP_SOCKOPT_CCID is write-only and sets both the TX and RX CCIDs at the same
88 time, combining the operation of the next two socket options. This option is
89 preferable over the latter two, since often applications will use the same
90 type of CCID for both directions; and mixed use of CCIDs is not currently well
91 understood. This socket option takes as argument at least one uint8_t value, or
92 an array of uint8_t values, which must match available CCIDS (see above). CCIDs
93 must be registered on the socket before calling connect() or listen().
95 DCCP_SOCKOPT_TX_CCID is read/write. It returns the current CCID (if set) or sets
96 the preference list for the TX CCID, using the same format as DCCP_SOCKOPT_CCID.
97 Please note that the getsockopt argument type here is `int', not uint8_t.
99 DCCP_SOCKOPT_RX_CCID is analogous to DCCP_SOCKOPT_TX_CCID, but for the RX CCID.
101 DCCP_SOCKOPT_SERVER_TIMEWAIT enables the server (listening socket) to hold
102 timewait state when closing the connection (RFC 4340, 8.3). The usual case is
103 that the closing server sends a CloseReq, whereupon the client holds timewait
104 state. When this boolean socket option is on, the server sends a Close instead
105 and will enter TIMEWAIT. This option must be set after accept() returns.
107 DCCP_SOCKOPT_SEND_CSCOV and DCCP_SOCKOPT_RECV_CSCOV are used for setting the
108 partial checksum coverage (RFC 4340, sec. 9.2). The default is that checksums
109 always cover the entire packet and that only fully covered application data is
110 accepted by the receiver. Hence, when using this feature on the sender, it must
111 be enabled at the receiver, too with suitable choice of CsCov.
113 DCCP_SOCKOPT_SEND_CSCOV sets the sender checksum coverage. Values in the
114 range 0..15 are acceptable. The default setting is 0 (full coverage),
115 values between 1..15 indicate partial coverage.
116 DCCP_SOCKOPT_RECV_CSCOV is for the receiver and has a different meaning: it
117 sets a threshold, where again values 0..15 are acceptable. The default
118 of 0 means that all packets with a partial coverage will be discarded.
119 Values in the range 1..15 indicate that packets with minimally such a
120 coverage value are also acceptable. The higher the number, the more
121 restrictive this setting (see [RFC 4340, sec. 9.2.1]). Partial coverage
122 settings are inherited to the child socket after accept().
124 The following two options apply to CCID 3 exclusively and are getsockopt()-only.
125 In either case, a TFRC info struct (defined in <linux/tfrc.h>) is returned.
126 DCCP_SOCKOPT_CCID_RX_INFO
127 Returns a `struct tfrc_rx_info' in optval; the buffer for optval and
128 optlen must be set to at least sizeof(struct tfrc_rx_info).
129 DCCP_SOCKOPT_CCID_TX_INFO
130 Returns a `struct tfrc_tx_info' in optval; the buffer for optval and
131 optlen must be set to at least sizeof(struct tfrc_tx_info).
133 On unidirectional connections it is useful to close the unused half-connection
134 via shutdown (SHUT_WR or SHUT_RD): this will reduce per-packet processing costs.
139 Several DCCP default parameters can be managed by the following sysctls
140 (sysctl net.dccp.default or /proc/sys/net/dccp/default):
143 The number of active connection initiation retries (the number of
144 Requests minus one) before timing out. In addition, it also governs
145 the behaviour of the other, passive side: this variable also sets
146 the number of times DCCP repeats sending a Response when the initial
147 handshake does not progress from RESPOND to OPEN (i.e. when no Ack
148 is received after the initial Request). This value should be greater
149 than 0, suggested is less than 10. Analogue of tcp_syn_retries.
152 How often a DCCP Response is retransmitted until the listening DCCP
153 side considers its connecting peer dead. Analogue of tcp_retries1.
156 The number of times a general DCCP packet is retransmitted. This has
157 importance for retransmitted acknowledgments and feature negotiation,
158 data packets are never retransmitted. Analogue of tcp_retries2.
161 Default CCID for the sender-receiver half-connection. Depending on the
162 choice of CCID, the Send Ack Vector feature is enabled automatically.
165 Default CCID for the receiver-sender half-connection; see tx_ccid.
168 The initial sequence window (sec. 7.5.2) of the sender. This influences
169 the local ackno validity and the remote seqno validity windows (7.5.1).
170 Values in the range Wmin = 32 (RFC 4340, 7.5.2) up to 2^32-1 can be set.
173 The size of the transmit buffer in packets. A value of 0 corresponds
174 to an unbounded transmit buffer.
176 sync_ratelimit = 125 ms
177 The timeout between subsequent DCCP-Sync packets sent in response to
178 sequence-invalid packets on the same socket (RFC 4340, 7.5.4). The unit
179 of this parameter is milliseconds; a value of 0 disables rate-limiting.
185 Works as in udp(7): returns in the `int' argument pointer the size of
186 the next pending datagram in bytes, or 0 when no datagram is pending.
191 Per-route rto_min support
192 CCID-2 supports the RTAX_RTO_MIN per-route setting for the minimum value
193 of the RTO timer. This setting can be modified via the 'rto_min' option
194 of iproute2; for example:
195 > ip route change 10.0.0.0/24 rto_min 250j dev wlan0
196 > ip route add 10.0.0.254/32 rto_min 800j dev wlan0
197 > ip route show dev wlan0
198 CCID-3 also supports the rto_min setting: it is used to define the lower
199 bound for the expiry of the nofeedback timer. This can be useful on LANs
200 with very low RTTs (e.g., loopback, Gbit ethernet).
205 DCCP does not travel through NAT successfully at present on many boxes. This is
206 because the checksum covers the pseudo-header as per TCP and UDP. Linux NAT
207 support for DCCP has been added.