1 Linux and the 3Com EtherLink III Series Ethercards (driver v1.18c and higher)
2 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
4 This file contains the instructions and caveats for v1.18c and higher versions
5 of the 3c509 driver. You should not use the driver without reading this file.
9 Current maintainer (corrections to):
10 David Ruggiero <jdr@farfalle.com>
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16 The following are notes and information on using the 3Com EtherLink III series
17 ethercards in Linux. These cards are commonly known by the most widely-used
18 card's 3Com model number, 3c509. They are all 10mb/s ISA-bus cards and shouldn't
19 be (but sometimes are) confused with the similarly-numbered PCI-bus "3c905"
20 (aka "Vortex" or "Boomerang") series. Kernel support for the 3c509 family is
21 provided by the module 3c509.c, which has code to support all of the following
24 3c509 (original ISA card)
25 3c509B (later revision of the ISA card; supports full-duplex)
27 3c589B (later revision of the 3c589; supports full-duplex)
30 Large portions of this documentation were heavily borrowed from the guide
31 written the original author of the 3c509 driver, Donald Becker. The master
32 copy of that document, which contains notes on older versions of the driver,
33 currently resides on Scyld web server: http://www.scyld.com/.
36 (1) Special Driver Features
38 Overriding card settings
40 The driver allows boot- or load-time overriding of the card's detected IOADDR,
41 IRQ, and transceiver settings, although this capability shouldn't generally be
42 needed except to enable full-duplex mode (see below). An example of the syntax
43 for LILO parameters for doing this:
45 ether=10,0x310,3,0x3c509,eth0
47 This configures the first found 3c509 card for IRQ 10, base I/O 0x310, and
48 transceiver type 3 (10base2). The flag "0x3c509" must be set to avoid conflicts
49 with other card types when overriding the I/O address. When the driver is
50 loaded as a module, only the IRQ may be overridden. For example,
51 setting two cards to IRQ10 and IRQ11 is done by using the irq module
54 options 3c509 irq=10,11
59 The v1.18c driver added support for the 3c509B's full-duplex capabilities.
60 In order to enable and successfully use full-duplex mode, three conditions
63 (a) You must have a Etherlink III card model whose hardware supports full-
64 duplex operations. Currently, the only members of the 3c509 family that are
65 positively known to support full-duplex are the 3c509B (ISA bus) and 3c589B
66 (PCMCIA) cards. Cards without the "B" model designation do *not* support
67 full-duplex mode; these include the original 3c509 (no "B"), the original
68 3c589, the 3c529 (MCA bus), and the 3c579 (EISA bus).
70 (b) You must be using your card's 10baseT transceiver (i.e., the RJ-45
71 connector), not its AUI (thick-net) or 10base2 (thin-net/coax) interfaces.
72 AUI and 10base2 network cabling is physically incapable of full-duplex
75 (c) Most importantly, your 3c509B must be connected to a link partner that is
76 itself full-duplex capable. This is almost certainly one of two things: a full-
77 duplex-capable Ethernet switch (*not* a hub), or a full-duplex-capable NIC on
78 another system that's connected directly to the 3c509B via a crossover cable.
80 Full-duplex mode can be enabled using 'ethtool'.
82 /////Extremely important caution concerning full-duplex mode/////
83 Understand that the 3c509B's hardware's full-duplex support is much more
84 limited than that provide by more modern network interface cards. Although
85 at the physical layer of the network it fully supports full-duplex operation,
86 the card was designed before the current Ethernet auto-negotiation (N-way)
87 spec was written. This means that the 3c509B family ***cannot and will not
88 auto-negotiate a full-duplex connection with its link partner under any
89 circumstances, no matter how it is initialized***. If the full-duplex mode
90 of the 3c509B is enabled, its link partner will very likely need to be
91 independently _forced_ into full-duplex mode as well; otherwise various nasty
92 failures will occur - at the very least, you'll see massive numbers of packet
93 collisions. This is one of very rare circumstances where disabling auto-
94 negotiation and forcing the duplex mode of a network interface card or switch
95 would ever be necessary or desirable.
98 (3) Available Transceiver Types
100 For versions of the driver v1.18c and above, the available transceiver types are:
102 0 transceiver type from EEPROM config (normally 10baseT); force half-duplex
103 1 AUI (thick-net / DB15 connector)
105 3 10base2 (thin-net == coax / BNC connector)
106 4 10baseT (RJ-45 connector); force half-duplex mode
107 8 transceiver type and duplex mode taken from card's EEPROM config settings
108 12 10baseT (RJ-45 connector); force full-duplex mode
110 Prior to driver version 1.18c, only transceiver codes 0-4 were supported. Note
111 that the new transceiver codes 8 and 12 are the *only* ones that will enable
112 full-duplex mode, no matter what the card's detected EEPROM settings might be.
113 This insured that merely upgrading the driver from an earlier version would
114 never automatically enable full-duplex mode in an existing installation;
115 it must always be explicitly enabled via one of these code in order to be
118 The transceiver type can be changed using 'ethtool'.
121 (4a) Interpretation of error messages and common problems
125 eth0: Infinite loop in interrupt, status 2011.
126 These are "mostly harmless" message indicating that the driver had too much
127 work during that interrupt cycle. With a status of 0x2011 you are receiving
128 packets faster than they can be removed from the card. This should be rare
129 or impossible in normal operation. Possible causes of this error report are:
131 - a "green" mode enabled that slows the processor down when there is no
134 - some other device or device driver hogging the bus or disabling interrupts.
135 Check /proc/interrupts for excessive interrupt counts. The timer tick
136 interrupt should always be incrementing faster than the others.
139 If a 3c509, 3c562 or 3c589 can successfully transmit packets, but never
140 receives packets (as reported by /proc/net/dev or 'ifconfig') you likely
141 have an interrupt line problem. Check /proc/interrupts to verify that the
142 card is actually generating interrupts. If the interrupt count is not
143 increasing you likely have a physical conflict with two devices trying to
144 use the same ISA IRQ line. The common conflict is with a sound card on IRQ10
145 or IRQ5, and the easiest solution is to move the 3c509 to a different
146 interrupt line. If the device is receiving packets but 'ping' doesn't work,
147 you have a routing problem.
149 Tx Carrier Errors Reported in /proc/net/dev
150 If an EtherLink III appears to transmit packets, but the "Tx carrier errors"
151 field in /proc/net/dev increments as quickly as the Tx packet count, you
152 likely have an unterminated network or the incorrect media transceiver selected.
154 3c509B card is not detected on machines with an ISA PnP BIOS.
155 While the updated driver works with most PnP BIOS programs, it does not work
156 with all. This can be fixed by disabling PnP support using the 3Com-supplied
159 3c509 card is not detected on overclocked machines
160 Increase the delay time in id_read_eeprom() from the current value, 500,
161 to an absurdly high value, such as 5000.
164 (4b) Decoding Status and Error Messages
166 The bits in the main status register are:
170 0x02 Tx overrun, or Rx underrun
172 0x08 Tx FIFO room available
173 0x10 A complete Rx packet has arrived
174 0x20 A Rx packet has started to arrive
175 0x40 The driver has requested an interrupt
176 0x80 Statistics counter nearly full
178 The bits in the transmit (Tx) status word are:
181 0x02 Out-of-window collision.
182 0x04 Status stack overflow (normally impossible).
184 0x10 Tx underrun (not enough PCI bus bandwidth).
186 0x40 Tx interrupt requested.
187 0x80 Status is valid (this should always be set).
190 When a transmit error occurs the driver produces a status message such as
192 eth0: Transmit error, Tx status register 82
194 The two values typically seen here are:
197 Out of window collision. This typically occurs when some other Ethernet
198 host is incorrectly set to full duplex on a half duplex network.
201 16 collisions. This typically occurs when the network is exceptionally busy
202 or when another host doesn't correctly back off after a collision. If this
203 error is mixed with 0x82 errors it is the result of a host incorrectly set
204 to full duplex (see above).
206 Both of these errors are the result of network problems that should be
207 corrected. They do not represent driver malfunction.
210 (5) Revision history (this file)
212 28Feb02 v1.0 DR New; major portions based on Becker original 3c509 docs