1 .. -*- coding: utf-8; mode: rst -*-
9 Devices typically have a number of user-settable controls such as
10 brightness, saturation and so on, which would be presented to the user
11 on a graphical user interface. But, different devices will have
12 different controls available, and furthermore, the range of possible
13 values, and the default value will vary from device to device. The
14 control ioctls provide the information and a mechanism to create a nice
15 user interface for these controls that will work correctly with any
18 All controls are accessed using an ID value. V4L2 defines several IDs
19 for specific purposes. Drivers can also implement their own custom
20 controls using ``V4L2_CID_PRIVATE_BASE`` [#f1]_ and higher values. The
21 pre-defined control IDs have the prefix ``V4L2_CID_``, and are listed in
22 :ref:`control-id`. The ID is used when querying the attributes of a
23 control, and when getting or setting the current value.
25 Generally applications should present controls to the user without
26 assumptions about their purpose. Each control comes with a name string
27 the user is supposed to understand. When the purpose is non-intuitive
28 the driver writer should provide a user manual, a user interface plug-in
29 or a driver specific panel application. Predefined IDs were introduced
30 to change a few controls programmatically, for example to mute a device
31 during a channel switch.
33 Drivers may enumerate different controls after switching the current
34 video input or output, tuner or modulator, or audio input or output.
35 Different in the sense of other bounds, another default and current
36 value, step size or other menu items. A control with a certain *custom*
37 ID can also change name and type.
39 If a control is not applicable to the current configuration of the
40 device (for example, it doesn't apply to the current video input)
41 drivers set the ``V4L2_CTRL_FLAG_INACTIVE`` flag.
43 Control values are stored globally, they do not change when switching
44 except to stay within the reported bounds. They also do not change e. g.
45 when the device is opened or closed, when the tuner radio frequency is
46 changed or generally never without application request.
48 V4L2 specifies an event mechanism to notify applications when controls
50 :ref:`VIDIOC_SUBSCRIBE_EVENT`, event
51 ``V4L2_EVENT_CTRL``), panel applications might want to make use of that
52 in order to always reflect the correct control value.
54 All controls use machine endianness.
63 First predefined ID, equal to ``V4L2_CID_BRIGHTNESS``.
65 ``V4L2_CID_USER_BASE``
66 Synonym of ``V4L2_CID_BASE``.
68 ``V4L2_CID_BRIGHTNESS`` ``(integer)``
69 Picture brightness, or more precisely, the black level.
71 ``V4L2_CID_CONTRAST`` ``(integer)``
72 Picture contrast or luma gain.
74 ``V4L2_CID_SATURATION`` ``(integer)``
75 Picture color saturation or chroma gain.
77 ``V4L2_CID_HUE`` ``(integer)``
80 ``V4L2_CID_AUDIO_VOLUME`` ``(integer)``
81 Overall audio volume. Note some drivers also provide an OSS or ALSA
84 ``V4L2_CID_AUDIO_BALANCE`` ``(integer)``
85 Audio stereo balance. Minimum corresponds to all the way left,
88 ``V4L2_CID_AUDIO_BASS`` ``(integer)``
89 Audio bass adjustment.
91 ``V4L2_CID_AUDIO_TREBLE`` ``(integer)``
92 Audio treble adjustment.
94 ``V4L2_CID_AUDIO_MUTE`` ``(boolean)``
95 Mute audio, i. e. set the volume to zero, however without affecting
96 ``V4L2_CID_AUDIO_VOLUME``. Like ALSA drivers, V4L2 drivers must mute
97 at load time to avoid excessive noise. Actually the entire device
98 should be reset to a low power consumption state.
100 ``V4L2_CID_AUDIO_LOUDNESS`` ``(boolean)``
101 Loudness mode (bass boost).
103 ``V4L2_CID_BLACK_LEVEL`` ``(integer)``
104 Another name for brightness (not a synonym of
105 ``V4L2_CID_BRIGHTNESS``). This control is deprecated and should not
106 be used in new drivers and applications.
108 ``V4L2_CID_AUTO_WHITE_BALANCE`` ``(boolean)``
109 Automatic white balance (cameras).
111 ``V4L2_CID_DO_WHITE_BALANCE`` ``(button)``
112 This is an action control. When set (the value is ignored), the
113 device will do a white balance and then hold the current setting.
114 Contrast this with the boolean ``V4L2_CID_AUTO_WHITE_BALANCE``,
115 which, when activated, keeps adjusting the white balance.
117 ``V4L2_CID_RED_BALANCE`` ``(integer)``
120 ``V4L2_CID_BLUE_BALANCE`` ``(integer)``
123 ``V4L2_CID_GAMMA`` ``(integer)``
126 ``V4L2_CID_WHITENESS`` ``(integer)``
127 Whiteness for grey-scale devices. This is a synonym for
128 ``V4L2_CID_GAMMA``. This control is deprecated and should not be
129 used in new drivers and applications.
131 ``V4L2_CID_EXPOSURE`` ``(integer)``
132 Exposure (cameras). [Unit?]
134 ``V4L2_CID_AUTOGAIN`` ``(boolean)``
135 Automatic gain/exposure control.
137 ``V4L2_CID_GAIN`` ``(integer)``
140 Primarily used to control gain on e.g. TV tuners but also on
141 webcams. Most devices control only digital gain with this control
142 but on some this could include analogue gain as well. Devices that
143 recognise the difference between digital and analogue gain use
144 controls ``V4L2_CID_DIGITAL_GAIN`` and ``V4L2_CID_ANALOGUE_GAIN``.
146 ``V4L2_CID_HFLIP`` ``(boolean)``
147 Mirror the picture horizontally.
149 ``V4L2_CID_VFLIP`` ``(boolean)``
150 Mirror the picture vertically.
152 .. _v4l2-power-line-frequency:
154 ``V4L2_CID_POWER_LINE_FREQUENCY`` ``(enum)``
155 Enables a power line frequency filter to avoid flicker. Possible
156 values for ``enum v4l2_power_line_frequency`` are:
157 ``V4L2_CID_POWER_LINE_FREQUENCY_DISABLED`` (0),
158 ``V4L2_CID_POWER_LINE_FREQUENCY_50HZ`` (1),
159 ``V4L2_CID_POWER_LINE_FREQUENCY_60HZ`` (2) and
160 ``V4L2_CID_POWER_LINE_FREQUENCY_AUTO`` (3).
162 ``V4L2_CID_HUE_AUTO`` ``(boolean)``
163 Enables automatic hue control by the device. The effect of setting
164 ``V4L2_CID_HUE`` while automatic hue control is enabled is
165 undefined, drivers should ignore such request.
167 ``V4L2_CID_WHITE_BALANCE_TEMPERATURE`` ``(integer)``
168 This control specifies the white balance settings as a color
169 temperature in Kelvin. A driver should have a minimum of 2800
170 (incandescent) to 6500 (daylight). For more information about color
172 `Wikipedia <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Color_temperature>`__.
174 ``V4L2_CID_SHARPNESS`` ``(integer)``
175 Adjusts the sharpness filters in a camera. The minimum value
176 disables the filters, higher values give a sharper picture.
178 ``V4L2_CID_BACKLIGHT_COMPENSATION`` ``(integer)``
179 Adjusts the backlight compensation in a camera. The minimum value
180 disables backlight compensation.
182 ``V4L2_CID_CHROMA_AGC`` ``(boolean)``
183 Chroma automatic gain control.
185 ``V4L2_CID_CHROMA_GAIN`` ``(integer)``
186 Adjusts the Chroma gain control (for use when chroma AGC is
189 ``V4L2_CID_COLOR_KILLER`` ``(boolean)``
190 Enable the color killer (i. e. force a black & white image in case
191 of a weak video signal).
195 ``V4L2_CID_COLORFX`` ``(enum)``
196 Selects a color effect. The following values are defined:
200 .. tabularcolumns:: |p{5.5cm}|p{12cm}|
207 * - ``V4L2_COLORFX_NONE``
208 - Color effect is disabled.
209 * - ``V4L2_COLORFX_ANTIQUE``
210 - An aging (old photo) effect.
211 * - ``V4L2_COLORFX_ART_FREEZE``
212 - Frost color effect.
213 * - ``V4L2_COLORFX_AQUA``
214 - Water color, cool tone.
215 * - ``V4L2_COLORFX_BW``
217 * - ``V4L2_COLORFX_EMBOSS``
218 - Emboss, the highlights and shadows replace light/dark boundaries
219 and low contrast areas are set to a gray background.
220 * - ``V4L2_COLORFX_GRASS_GREEN``
222 * - ``V4L2_COLORFX_NEGATIVE``
224 * - ``V4L2_COLORFX_SEPIA``
226 * - ``V4L2_COLORFX_SKETCH``
228 * - ``V4L2_COLORFX_SKIN_WHITEN``
230 * - ``V4L2_COLORFX_SKY_BLUE``
232 * - ``V4L2_COLORFX_SOLARIZATION``
233 - Solarization, the image is partially reversed in tone, only color
234 values above or below a certain threshold are inverted.
235 * - ``V4L2_COLORFX_SILHOUETTE``
236 - Silhouette (outline).
237 * - ``V4L2_COLORFX_VIVID``
239 * - ``V4L2_COLORFX_SET_CBCR``
240 - The Cb and Cr chroma components are replaced by fixed coefficients
241 determined by ``V4L2_CID_COLORFX_CBCR`` control.
245 ``V4L2_CID_COLORFX_CBCR`` ``(integer)``
246 Determines the Cb and Cr coefficients for ``V4L2_COLORFX_SET_CBCR``
247 color effect. Bits [7:0] of the supplied 32 bit value are
248 interpreted as Cr component, bits [15:8] as Cb component and bits
249 [31:16] must be zero.
251 ``V4L2_CID_AUTOBRIGHTNESS`` ``(boolean)``
252 Enable Automatic Brightness.
254 ``V4L2_CID_ROTATE`` ``(integer)``
255 Rotates the image by specified angle. Common angles are 90, 270 and
256 180. Rotating the image to 90 and 270 will reverse the height and
257 width of the display window. It is necessary to set the new height
258 and width of the picture using the
259 :ref:`VIDIOC_S_FMT <VIDIOC_G_FMT>` ioctl according to the
260 rotation angle selected.
262 ``V4L2_CID_BG_COLOR`` ``(integer)``
263 Sets the background color on the current output device. Background
264 color needs to be specified in the RGB24 format. The supplied 32 bit
265 value is interpreted as bits 0-7 Red color information, bits 8-15
266 Green color information, bits 16-23 Blue color information and bits
269 ``V4L2_CID_ILLUMINATORS_1 V4L2_CID_ILLUMINATORS_2`` ``(boolean)``
270 Switch on or off the illuminator 1 or 2 of the device (usually a
273 ``V4L2_CID_MIN_BUFFERS_FOR_CAPTURE`` ``(integer)``
274 This is a read-only control that can be read by the application and
275 used as a hint to determine the number of CAPTURE buffers to pass to
276 REQBUFS. The value is the minimum number of CAPTURE buffers that is
277 necessary for hardware to work.
279 ``V4L2_CID_MIN_BUFFERS_FOR_OUTPUT`` ``(integer)``
280 This is a read-only control that can be read by the application and
281 used as a hint to determine the number of OUTPUT buffers to pass to
282 REQBUFS. The value is the minimum number of OUTPUT buffers that is
283 necessary for hardware to work.
285 .. _v4l2-alpha-component:
287 ``V4L2_CID_ALPHA_COMPONENT`` ``(integer)``
288 Sets the alpha color component. When a capture device (or capture
289 queue of a mem-to-mem device) produces a frame format that includes
290 an alpha component (e.g.
291 :ref:`packed RGB image formats <rgb-formats>`) and the alpha value
292 is not defined by the device or the mem-to-mem input data this
293 control lets you select the alpha component value of all pixels.
294 When an output device (or output queue of a mem-to-mem device)
295 consumes a frame format that doesn't include an alpha component and
296 the device supports alpha channel processing this control lets you
297 set the alpha component value of all pixels for further processing
301 End of the predefined control IDs (currently
302 ``V4L2_CID_ALPHA_COMPONENT`` + 1).
304 ``V4L2_CID_PRIVATE_BASE``
305 ID of the first custom (driver specific) control. Applications
306 depending on particular custom controls should check the driver name
307 and version, see :ref:`querycap`.
309 Applications can enumerate the available controls with the
310 :ref:`VIDIOC_QUERYCTRL` and
311 :ref:`VIDIOC_QUERYMENU <VIDIOC_QUERYCTRL>` ioctls, get and set a
312 control value with the :ref:`VIDIOC_G_CTRL <VIDIOC_G_CTRL>` and
313 :ref:`VIDIOC_S_CTRL <VIDIOC_G_CTRL>` ioctls. Drivers must implement
314 ``VIDIOC_QUERYCTRL``, ``VIDIOC_G_CTRL`` and ``VIDIOC_S_CTRL`` when the
315 device has one or more controls, ``VIDIOC_QUERYMENU`` when it has one or
316 more menu type controls.
319 .. _enum_all_controls:
321 Example: Enumerating all controls
322 =================================
326 struct v4l2_queryctrl queryctrl;
327 struct v4l2_querymenu querymenu;
329 static void enumerate_menu(__u32 id)
331 printf(" Menu items:\\n");
333 memset(&querymenu, 0, sizeof(querymenu));
336 for (querymenu.index = queryctrl.minimum;
337 querymenu.index <= queryctrl.maximum;
339 if (0 == ioctl(fd, VIDIOC_QUERYMENU, &querymenu)) {
340 printf(" %s\\n", querymenu.name);
345 memset(&queryctrl, 0, sizeof(queryctrl));
347 queryctrl.id = V4L2_CTRL_FLAG_NEXT_CTRL;
348 while (0 == ioctl(fd, VIDIOC_QUERYCTRL, &queryctrl)) {
349 if (!(queryctrl.flags & V4L2_CTRL_FLAG_DISABLED)) {
350 printf("Control %s\\n", queryctrl.name);
352 if (queryctrl.type == V4L2_CTRL_TYPE_MENU)
353 enumerate_menu(queryctrl.id);
356 queryctrl.id |= V4L2_CTRL_FLAG_NEXT_CTRL;
358 if (errno != EINVAL) {
359 perror("VIDIOC_QUERYCTRL");
363 Example: Enumerating all controls including compound controls
364 =============================================================
368 struct v4l2_query_ext_ctrl query_ext_ctrl;
370 memset(&query_ext_ctrl, 0, sizeof(query_ext_ctrl));
372 query_ext_ctrl.id = V4L2_CTRL_FLAG_NEXT_CTRL | V4L2_CTRL_FLAG_NEXT_COMPOUND;
373 while (0 == ioctl(fd, VIDIOC_QUERY_EXT_CTRL, &query_ext_ctrl)) {
374 if (!(query_ext_ctrl.flags & V4L2_CTRL_FLAG_DISABLED)) {
375 printf("Control %s\\n", query_ext_ctrl.name);
377 if (query_ext_ctrl.type == V4L2_CTRL_TYPE_MENU)
378 enumerate_menu(query_ext_ctrl.id);
381 query_ext_ctrl.id |= V4L2_CTRL_FLAG_NEXT_CTRL | V4L2_CTRL_FLAG_NEXT_COMPOUND;
383 if (errno != EINVAL) {
384 perror("VIDIOC_QUERY_EXT_CTRL");
388 Example: Enumerating all user controls (old style)
389 ==================================================
394 memset(&queryctrl, 0, sizeof(queryctrl));
396 for (queryctrl.id = V4L2_CID_BASE;
397 queryctrl.id < V4L2_CID_LASTP1;
399 if (0 == ioctl(fd, VIDIOC_QUERYCTRL, &queryctrl)) {
400 if (queryctrl.flags & V4L2_CTRL_FLAG_DISABLED)
403 printf("Control %s\\n", queryctrl.name);
405 if (queryctrl.type == V4L2_CTRL_TYPE_MENU)
406 enumerate_menu(queryctrl.id);
411 perror("VIDIOC_QUERYCTRL");
416 for (queryctrl.id = V4L2_CID_PRIVATE_BASE;;
418 if (0 == ioctl(fd, VIDIOC_QUERYCTRL, &queryctrl)) {
419 if (queryctrl.flags & V4L2_CTRL_FLAG_DISABLED)
422 printf("Control %s\\n", queryctrl.name);
424 if (queryctrl.type == V4L2_CTRL_TYPE_MENU)
425 enumerate_menu(queryctrl.id);
430 perror("VIDIOC_QUERYCTRL");
436 Example: Changing controls
437 ==========================
441 struct v4l2_queryctrl queryctrl;
442 struct v4l2_control control;
444 memset(&queryctrl, 0, sizeof(queryctrl));
445 queryctrl.id = V4L2_CID_BRIGHTNESS;
447 if (-1 == ioctl(fd, VIDIOC_QUERYCTRL, &queryctrl)) {
448 if (errno != EINVAL) {
449 perror("VIDIOC_QUERYCTRL");
452 printf("V4L2_CID_BRIGHTNESS is not supportedn");
454 } else if (queryctrl.flags & V4L2_CTRL_FLAG_DISABLED) {
455 printf("V4L2_CID_BRIGHTNESS is not supportedn");
457 memset(&control, 0, sizeof (control));
458 control.id = V4L2_CID_BRIGHTNESS;
459 control.value = queryctrl.default_value;
461 if (-1 == ioctl(fd, VIDIOC_S_CTRL, &control)) {
462 perror("VIDIOC_S_CTRL");
467 memset(&control, 0, sizeof(control));
468 control.id = V4L2_CID_CONTRAST;
470 if (0 == ioctl(fd, VIDIOC_G_CTRL, &control)) {
473 /* The driver may clamp the value or return ERANGE, ignored here */
475 if (-1 == ioctl(fd, VIDIOC_S_CTRL, &control)
476 && errno != ERANGE) {
477 perror("VIDIOC_S_CTRL");
480 /* Ignore if V4L2_CID_CONTRAST is unsupported */
481 } else if (errno != EINVAL) {
482 perror("VIDIOC_G_CTRL");
486 control.id = V4L2_CID_AUDIO_MUTE;
487 control.value = 1; /* silence */
490 ioctl(fd, VIDIOC_S_CTRL, &control);
493 The use of ``V4L2_CID_PRIVATE_BASE`` is problematic because different
494 drivers may use the same ``V4L2_CID_PRIVATE_BASE`` ID for different
495 controls. This makes it hard to programatically set such controls
496 since the meaning of the control with that ID is driver dependent. In
497 order to resolve this drivers use unique IDs and the
498 ``V4L2_CID_PRIVATE_BASE`` IDs are mapped to those unique IDs by the
499 kernel. Consider these ``V4L2_CID_PRIVATE_BASE`` IDs as aliases to
502 Many applications today still use the ``V4L2_CID_PRIVATE_BASE`` IDs
503 instead of using :ref:`VIDIOC_QUERYCTRL` with
504 the ``V4L2_CTRL_FLAG_NEXT_CTRL`` flag to enumerate all IDs, so
505 support for ``V4L2_CID_PRIVATE_BASE`` is still around.