1 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
6 In unix there can inodes that are unlinked from directory hierarchy but that
7 are still alive because they are open. In case of crash the filesystem has to
8 clean up these inodes as otherwise they (and the blocks referenced from them)
9 would leak. Similarly if we truncate or extend the file, we need not be able
10 to perform the operation in a single journalling transaction. In such case we
11 track the inode as orphan so that in case of crash extra blocks allocated to
12 the file get truncated.
14 Traditionally ext4 tracks orphan inodes in a form of single linked list where
15 superblock contains the inode number of the last orphan inode (s_last_orphan
16 field) and then each inode contains inode number of the previously orphaned
17 inode (we overload i_dtime inode field for this). However this filesystem
18 global single linked list is a scalability bottleneck for workloads that result
19 in heavy creation of orphan inodes. When orphan file feature
20 (COMPAT_ORPHAN_FILE) is enabled, the filesystem has a special inode
21 (referenced from the superblock through s_orphan_file_inum) with several
22 blocks. Each of these blocks has a structure:
24 ============= ================ =============== ===============================
25 Offset Type Name Description
26 ============= ================ =============== ===============================
27 0x0 Array of Orphan inode Each __le32 entry is either
28 __le32 entries entries empty (0) or it contains
29 inode number of an orphan
31 blocksize-8 __le32 ob_magic Magic value stored in orphan
32 block tail (0x0b10ca04)
33 blocksize-4 __le32 ob_checksum Checksum of the orphan block.
34 ============= ================ =============== ===============================
36 When a filesystem with orphan file feature is writeably mounted, we set
37 RO_COMPAT_ORPHAN_PRESENT feature in the superblock to indicate there may
38 be valid orphan entries. In case we see this feature when mounting the
39 filesystem, we read the whole orphan file and process all orphan inodes found
40 there as usual. When cleanly unmounting the filesystem we remove the
41 RO_COMPAT_ORPHAN_PRESENT feature to avoid unnecessary scanning of the orphan
42 file and also make the filesystem fully compatible with older kernels.