5 This document describes how to use the dynamic debug (dyndbg) feature.
7 Dynamic debug is designed to allow you to dynamically enable/disable
8 kernel code to obtain additional kernel information. Currently, if
9 CONFIG_DYNAMIC_DEBUG is set, then all pr_debug()/dev_dbg() and
10 print_hex_dump_debug()/print_hex_dump_bytes() calls can be dynamically
13 If CONFIG_DYNAMIC_DEBUG is not set, print_hex_dump_debug() is just
14 shortcut for print_hex_dump(KERN_DEBUG).
16 For print_hex_dump_debug()/print_hex_dump_bytes(), format string is
17 its 'prefix_str' argument, if it is constant string; or "hexdump"
18 in case 'prefix_str' is build dynamically.
20 Dynamic debug has even more useful features:
22 * Simple query language allows turning on and off debugging
23 statements by matching any combination of 0 or 1 of:
27 - line number (including ranges of line numbers)
31 * Provides a debugfs control file: <debugfs>/dynamic_debug/control
32 which can be read to display the complete list of known debug
33 statements, to help guide you
35 Controlling dynamic debug Behaviour
36 ===================================
38 The behaviour of pr_debug()/dev_dbg()s are controlled via writing to a
39 control file in the 'debugfs' filesystem. Thus, you must first mount
40 the debugfs filesystem, in order to make use of this feature.
41 Subsequently, we refer to the control file as:
42 <debugfs>/dynamic_debug/control. For example, if you want to enable
43 printing from source file 'svcsock.c', line 1603 you simply do:
45 nullarbor:~ # echo 'file svcsock.c line 1603 +p' >
46 <debugfs>/dynamic_debug/control
48 If you make a mistake with the syntax, the write will fail thus:
50 nullarbor:~ # echo 'file svcsock.c wtf 1 +p' >
51 <debugfs>/dynamic_debug/control
52 -bash: echo: write error: Invalid argument
54 Viewing Dynamic Debug Behaviour
55 ===========================
57 You can view the currently configured behaviour of all the debug
60 nullarbor:~ # cat <debugfs>/dynamic_debug/control
61 # filename:lineno [module]function flags format
62 /usr/src/packages/BUILD/sgi-enhancednfs-1.4/default/net/sunrpc/svc_rdma.c:323 [svcxprt_rdma]svc_rdma_cleanup =_ "SVCRDMA Module Removed, deregister RPC RDMA transport\012"
63 /usr/src/packages/BUILD/sgi-enhancednfs-1.4/default/net/sunrpc/svc_rdma.c:341 [svcxprt_rdma]svc_rdma_init =_ "\011max_inline : %d\012"
64 /usr/src/packages/BUILD/sgi-enhancednfs-1.4/default/net/sunrpc/svc_rdma.c:340 [svcxprt_rdma]svc_rdma_init =_ "\011sq_depth : %d\012"
65 /usr/src/packages/BUILD/sgi-enhancednfs-1.4/default/net/sunrpc/svc_rdma.c:338 [svcxprt_rdma]svc_rdma_init =_ "\011max_requests : %d\012"
69 You can also apply standard Unix text manipulation filters to this
72 nullarbor:~ # grep -i rdma <debugfs>/dynamic_debug/control | wc -l
75 nullarbor:~ # grep -i tcp <debugfs>/dynamic_debug/control | wc -l
78 The third column shows the currently enabled flags for each debug
79 statement callsite (see below for definitions of the flags). The
80 default value, with no flags enabled, is "=_". So you can view all
81 the debug statement callsites with any non-default flags:
83 nullarbor:~ # awk '$3 != "=_"' <debugfs>/dynamic_debug/control
84 # filename:lineno [module]function flags format
85 /usr/src/packages/BUILD/sgi-enhancednfs-1.4/default/net/sunrpc/svcsock.c:1603 [sunrpc]svc_send p "svc_process: st_sendto returned %d\012"
88 Command Language Reference
89 ==========================
91 At the lexical level, a command comprises a sequence of words separated
92 by spaces or tabs. So these are all equivalent:
94 nullarbor:~ # echo -c 'file svcsock.c line 1603 +p' >
95 <debugfs>/dynamic_debug/control
96 nullarbor:~ # echo -c ' file svcsock.c line 1603 +p ' >
97 <debugfs>/dynamic_debug/control
98 nullarbor:~ # echo -n 'file svcsock.c line 1603 +p' >
99 <debugfs>/dynamic_debug/control
101 Command submissions are bounded by a write() system call.
102 Multiple commands can be written together, separated by ';' or '\n'.
104 ~# echo "func pnpacpi_get_resources +p; func pnp_assign_mem +p" \
105 > <debugfs>/dynamic_debug/control
107 If your query set is big, you can batch them too:
109 ~# cat query-batch-file > <debugfs>/dynamic_debug/control
111 A another way is to use wildcard. The match rule support '*' (matches
112 zero or more characters) and '?' (matches exactly one character).For
113 example, you can match all usb drivers:
115 ~# echo "file drivers/usb/* +p" > <debugfs>/dynamic_debug/control
117 At the syntactical level, a command comprises a sequence of match
118 specifications, followed by a flags change specification.
120 command ::= match-spec* flags-spec
122 The match-spec's are used to choose a subset of the known pr_debug()
123 callsites to which to apply the flags-spec. Think of them as a query
124 with implicit ANDs between each pair. Note that an empty list of
125 match-specs will select all debug statement callsites.
127 A match specification comprises a keyword, which controls the
128 attribute of the callsite to be compared, and a value to compare
129 against. Possible keywords are:
131 match-spec ::= 'func' string |
137 line-range ::= lineno |
141 // Note: line-range cannot contain space, e.g.
142 // "1-30" is valid range but "1 - 30" is not.
144 lineno ::= unsigned-int
146 The meanings of each keyword are:
149 The given string is compared against the function name
150 of each callsite. Example:
155 The given string is compared against either the full pathname, the
156 src-root relative pathname, or the basename of the source file of
157 each callsite. Examples:
160 file kernel/freezer.c
161 file /usr/src/packages/BUILD/sgi-enhancednfs-1.4/default/net/sunrpc/svcsock.c
164 The given string is compared against the module name
165 of each callsite. The module name is the string as
166 seen in "lsmod", i.e. without the directory or the .ko
167 suffix and with '-' changed to '_'. Examples:
173 The given string is searched for in the dynamic debug format
174 string. Note that the string does not need to match the
175 entire format, only some part. Whitespace and other
176 special characters can be escaped using C octal character
177 escape \ooo notation, e.g. the space character is \040.
178 Alternatively, the string can be enclosed in double quote
179 characters (") or single quote characters (').
182 format svcrdma: // many of the NFS/RDMA server pr_debugs
183 format readahead // some pr_debugs in the readahead cache
184 format nfsd:\040SETATTR // one way to match a format with whitespace
185 format "nfsd: SETATTR" // a neater way to match a format with whitespace
186 format 'nfsd: SETATTR' // yet another way to match a format with whitespace
189 The given line number or range of line numbers is compared
190 against the line number of each pr_debug() callsite. A single
191 line number matches the callsite line number exactly. A
192 range of line numbers matches any callsite between the first
193 and last line number inclusive. An empty first number means
194 the first line in the file, an empty line number means the
195 last number in the file. Examples:
197 line 1603 // exactly line 1603
198 line 1600-1605 // the six lines from line 1600 to line 1605
199 line -1605 // the 1605 lines from line 1 to line 1605
200 line 1600- // all lines from line 1600 to the end of the file
202 The flags specification comprises a change operation followed
203 by one or more flag characters. The change operation is one
206 - remove the given flags
207 + add the given flags
208 = set the flags to the given flags
212 p enables the pr_debug() callsite.
213 f Include the function name in the printed message
214 l Include line number in the printed message
215 m Include module name in the printed message
216 t Include thread ID in messages not generated from interrupt context
217 _ No flags are set. (Or'd with others on input)
219 For print_hex_dump_debug() and print_hex_dump_bytes(), only 'p' flag
220 have meaning, other flags ignored.
222 For display, the flags are preceded by '='
223 (mnemonic: what the flags are currently equal to).
225 Note the regexp ^[-+=][flmpt_]+$ matches a flags specification.
226 To clear all flags at once, use "=_" or "-flmpt".
229 Debug messages during Boot Process
230 ==================================
232 To activate debug messages for core code and built-in modules during
233 the boot process, even before userspace and debugfs exists, use
234 dyndbg="QUERY", module.dyndbg="QUERY", or ddebug_query="QUERY"
235 (ddebug_query is obsoleted by dyndbg, and deprecated). QUERY follows
236 the syntax described above, but must not exceed 1023 characters. Your
237 bootloader may impose lower limits.
239 These dyndbg params are processed just after the ddebug tables are
240 processed, as part of the arch_initcall. Thus you can enable debug
241 messages in all code run after this arch_initcall via this boot
244 On an x86 system for example ACPI enablement is a subsys_initcall and
245 dyndbg="file ec.c +p"
246 will show early Embedded Controller transactions during ACPI setup if
247 your machine (typically a laptop) has an Embedded Controller.
248 PCI (or other devices) initialization also is a hot candidate for using
249 this boot parameter for debugging purposes.
251 If foo module is not built-in, foo.dyndbg will still be processed at
252 boot time, without effect, but will be reprocessed when module is
253 loaded later. dyndbg_query= and bare dyndbg= are only processed at
257 Debug Messages at Module Initialization Time
258 ============================================
260 When "modprobe foo" is called, modprobe scans /proc/cmdline for
261 foo.params, strips "foo.", and passes them to the kernel along with
262 params given in modprobe args or /etc/modprob.d/*.conf files,
263 in the following order:
265 1. # parameters given via /etc/modprobe.d/*.conf
266 options foo dyndbg=+pt
267 options foo dyndbg # defaults to +p
269 2. # foo.dyndbg as given in boot args, "foo." is stripped and passed
270 foo.dyndbg=" func bar +p; func buz +mp"
272 3. # args to modprobe
273 modprobe foo dyndbg==pmf # override previous settings
275 These dyndbg queries are applied in order, with last having final say.
276 This allows boot args to override or modify those from /etc/modprobe.d
277 (sensible, since 1 is system wide, 2 is kernel or boot specific), and
278 modprobe args to override both.
280 In the foo.dyndbg="QUERY" form, the query must exclude "module foo".
281 "foo" is extracted from the param-name, and applied to each query in
282 "QUERY", and only 1 match-spec of each type is allowed.
284 The dyndbg option is a "fake" module parameter, which means:
286 - modules do not need to define it explicitly
287 - every module gets it tacitly, whether they use pr_debug or not
288 - it doesn't appear in /sys/module/$module/parameters/
289 To see it, grep the control file, or inspect /proc/cmdline.
291 For CONFIG_DYNAMIC_DEBUG kernels, any settings given at boot-time (or
292 enabled by -DDEBUG flag during compilation) can be disabled later via
293 the sysfs interface if the debug messages are no longer needed:
295 echo "module module_name -p" > <debugfs>/dynamic_debug/control
300 // enable the message at line 1603 of file svcsock.c
301 nullarbor:~ # echo -n 'file svcsock.c line 1603 +p' >
302 <debugfs>/dynamic_debug/control
304 // enable all the messages in file svcsock.c
305 nullarbor:~ # echo -n 'file svcsock.c +p' >
306 <debugfs>/dynamic_debug/control
308 // enable all the messages in the NFS server module
309 nullarbor:~ # echo -n 'module nfsd +p' >
310 <debugfs>/dynamic_debug/control
312 // enable all 12 messages in the function svc_process()
313 nullarbor:~ # echo -n 'func svc_process +p' >
314 <debugfs>/dynamic_debug/control
316 // disable all 12 messages in the function svc_process()
317 nullarbor:~ # echo -n 'func svc_process -p' >
318 <debugfs>/dynamic_debug/control
320 // enable messages for NFS calls READ, READLINK, READDIR and READDIR+.
321 nullarbor:~ # echo -n 'format "nfsd: READ" +p' >
322 <debugfs>/dynamic_debug/control
324 // enable messages in files of which the paths include string "usb"
325 nullarbor:~ # echo -n '*usb* +p' > <debugfs>/dynamic_debug/control
327 // enable all messages
328 nullarbor:~ # echo -n '+p' > <debugfs>/dynamic_debug/control
330 // add module, function to all enabled messages
331 nullarbor:~ # echo -n '+mf' > <debugfs>/dynamic_debug/control
333 // boot-args example, with newlines and comments for readability
334 Kernel command line: ...
335 // see whats going on in dyndbg=value processing
336 dynamic_debug.verbose=1
337 // enable pr_debugs in 2 builtins, #cmt is stripped
338 dyndbg="module params +p #cmt ; module sys +p"
339 // enable pr_debugs in 2 functions in a module loaded later
340 pc87360.dyndbg="func pc87360_init_device +p; func pc87360_find +p"