2 Scatterlist Cryptographic API
6 The Scatterlist Crypto API takes page vectors (scatterlists) as
7 arguments, and works directly on pages. In some cases (e.g. ECB
8 mode ciphers), this will allow for pages to be encrypted in-place
11 One of the initial goals of this design was to readily support IPsec,
12 so that processing can be applied to paged skb's without the need
18 At the lowest level are algorithms, which register dynamically with the
21 'Transforms' are user-instantiated objects, which maintain state, handle all
22 of the implementation logic (e.g. manipulating page vectors) and provide an
23 abstraction to the underlying algorithms. However, at the user
24 level they are very simple.
26 Conceptually, the API layering looks like this:
28 [transform api] (user interface)
29 [transform ops] (per-type logic glue e.g. cipher.c, compress.c)
30 [algorithm api] (for registering algorithms)
32 The idea is to make the user interface and algorithm registration API
33 very simple, while hiding the core logic from both. Many good ideas
34 from existing APIs such as Cryptoapi and Nettle have been adapted for this.
36 The API currently supports five main types of transforms: AEAD (Authenticated
37 Encryption with Associated Data), Block Ciphers, Ciphers, Compressors and
40 Please note that Block Ciphers is somewhat of a misnomer. It is in fact
41 meant to support all ciphers including stream ciphers. The difference
42 between Block Ciphers and Ciphers is that the latter operates on exactly
43 one block while the former can operate on an arbitrary amount of data,
44 subject to block size requirements (i.e., non-stream ciphers can only
45 process multiples of blocks).
47 Here's an example of how to use the API:
49 #include <crypto/hash.h>
50 #include <linux/err.h>
51 #include <linux/scatterlist.h>
53 struct scatterlist sg[2];
55 struct crypto_ahash *tfm;
56 struct ahash_request *req;
58 tfm = crypto_alloc_ahash("md5", 0, CRYPTO_ALG_ASYNC);
62 /* ... set up the scatterlists ... */
64 req = ahash_request_alloc(tfm, GFP_ATOMIC);
68 ahash_request_set_callback(req, 0, NULL, NULL);
69 ahash_request_set_crypt(req, sg, result, 2);
71 if (crypto_ahash_digest(req))
74 ahash_request_free(req);
75 crypto_free_ahash(tfm);
78 Many real examples are available in the regression test module (tcrypt.c).
83 Transforms may only be allocated in user context, and cryptographic
84 methods may only be called from softirq and user contexts. For
85 transforms with a setkey method it too should only be called from
88 When using the API for ciphers, performance will be optimal if each
89 scatterlist contains data which is a multiple of the cipher's block
90 size (typically 8 bytes). This prevents having to do any copying
91 across non-aligned page fragment boundaries.
96 When submitting a new algorithm for inclusion, a mandatory requirement
97 is that at least a few test vectors from known sources (preferably
98 standards) be included.
100 Converting existing well known code is preferred, as it is more likely
101 to have been reviewed and widely tested. If submitting code from LGPL
102 sources, please consider changing the license to GPL (see section 3 of
105 Algorithms submitted must also be generally patent-free (e.g. IDEA
106 will not be included in the mainline until around 2011), and be based
107 on a recognized standard and/or have been subjected to appropriate
110 Also check for any RFCs which may relate to the use of specific algorithms,
111 as well as general application notes such as RFC2451 ("The ESP CBC-Mode
114 It's a good idea to avoid using lots of macros and use inlined functions
115 instead, as gcc does a good job with inlining, while excessive use of
116 macros can cause compilation problems on some platforms.
118 Also check the TODO list at the web site listed below to see what people
119 might already be working on.
125 linux-crypto@vger.kernel.org
126 Cc: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>,
127 David S. Miller <davem@redhat.com>
132 For further patches and various updates, including the current TODO
134 http://gondor.apana.org.au/~herbert/crypto/
146 The following people provided invaluable feedback during the development
151 Herbert Valerio Riedel
158 Portions of this API were derived from the following projects:
160 Kerneli Cryptoapi (http://www.kerneli.org/)
162 Herbert Valerio Riedel
172 Nettle (http://www.lysator.liu.se/~nisse/nettle/)
175 Original developers of the crypto algorithms:
178 Andrew Tridgell and Steve French (MD4)
181 Jean-Luc Cooke (SHA256, SHA384, SHA512)
182 Kazunori Miyazawa / USAGI (HMAC)
183 Matthew Skala (Twofish)
184 Dag Arne Osvik (Serpent)
186 Kartikey Mahendra Bhatt (CAST6)
188 Jouni Malinen (Michael MIC)
189 NTT(Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation) (Camellia)
191 SHA1 algorithm contributors:
194 DES algorithm contributors:
199 Blowfish algorithm contributors:
200 Herbert Valerio Riedel
203 Twofish algorithm contributors:
207 SHA256/384/512 algorithm contributors:
210 Herbert Valerio Riedel
212 AES algorithm contributors:
214 Herbert Valerio Riedel
217 Fruhwirth Clemens (i586)
218 Linus Torvalds (i586)
220 CAST5 algorithm contributors:
221 Kartikey Mahendra Bhatt (original developers unknown, FSF copyright).
223 TEA/XTEA algorithm contributors:
227 Khazad algorithm contributors:
230 Whirlpool algorithm contributors:
234 Anubis algorithm contributors:
237 Tiger algorithm contributors:
240 VIA PadLock contributors:
243 Camellia algorithm contributors:
244 NTT(Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation) (Camellia)
246 Generic scatterwalk code by Adam J. Richter <adam@yggdrasil.com>
248 Please send any credits updates or corrections to:
249 Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>