1 CPU frequency and voltage scaling code in the Linux(TM) kernel
4 L i n u x C P U F r e q
8 - information for developers -
11 Dominik Brodowski <linux@brodo.de>
12 Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
13 Viresh Kumar <viresh.kumar@linaro.org>
17 Clock scaling allows you to change the clock speed of the CPUs on the
18 fly. This is a nice method to save battery power, because the lower
19 the clock speed, the less power the CPU consumes.
26 1.2 Per-CPU Initialization
28 1.4 target/target_index or setpolicy?
29 1.5 target/target_index
31 1.7 get_intermediate and target_intermediate
32 2. Frequency Table Helpers
39 So, you just got a brand-new CPU / chipset with datasheets and want to
40 add cpufreq support for this CPU / chipset? Great. Here are some hints
47 First of all, in an __initcall level 7 (module_init()) or later
48 function check whether this kernel runs on the right CPU and the right
49 chipset. If so, register a struct cpufreq_driver with the CPUfreq core
50 using cpufreq_register_driver()
52 What shall this struct cpufreq_driver contain?
54 .name - The name of this driver.
56 .init - A pointer to the per-policy initialization function.
58 .verify - A pointer to a "verification" function.
60 .setpolicy _or_ .fast_switch _or_ .target _or_ .target_index - See
61 below on the differences.
65 .flags - Hints for the cpufreq core.
67 .driver_data - cpufreq driver specific data.
69 .resolve_freq - Returns the most appropriate frequency for a target
70 frequency. Doesn't change the frequency though.
72 .get_intermediate and target_intermediate - Used to switch to stable
73 frequency while changing CPU frequency.
75 .get - Returns current frequency of the CPU.
77 .bios_limit - Returns HW/BIOS max frequency limitations for the CPU.
79 .exit - A pointer to a per-policy cleanup function called during
80 CPU_POST_DEAD phase of cpu hotplug process.
82 .stop_cpu - A pointer to a per-policy stop function called during
83 CPU_DOWN_PREPARE phase of cpu hotplug process.
85 .suspend - A pointer to a per-policy suspend function which is called
86 with interrupts disabled and _after_ the governor is stopped for the
89 .resume - A pointer to a per-policy resume function which is called
90 with interrupts disabled and _before_ the governor is started again.
92 .ready - A pointer to a per-policy ready function which is called after
93 the policy is fully initialized.
95 .attr - A pointer to a NULL-terminated list of "struct freq_attr" which
96 allow to export values to sysfs.
98 .boost_enabled - If set, boost frequencies are enabled.
100 .set_boost - A pointer to a per-policy function to enable/disable boost
104 1.2 Per-CPU Initialization
105 --------------------------
107 Whenever a new CPU is registered with the device model, or after the
108 cpufreq driver registers itself, the per-policy initialization function
109 cpufreq_driver.init is called if no cpufreq policy existed for the CPU.
110 Note that the .init() and .exit() routines are called only once for the
111 policy and not for each CPU managed by the policy. It takes a struct
112 cpufreq_policy *policy as argument. What to do now?
114 If necessary, activate the CPUfreq support on your CPU.
116 Then, the driver must fill in the following values:
118 policy->cpuinfo.min_freq _and_
119 policy->cpuinfo.max_freq - the minimum and maximum frequency
120 (in kHz) which is supported by
122 policy->cpuinfo.transition_latency the time it takes on this CPU to
123 switch between two frequencies in
124 nanoseconds (if appropriate, else
125 specify CPUFREQ_ETERNAL)
127 policy->cur The current operating frequency of
128 this CPU (if appropriate)
131 policy->policy and, if necessary,
132 policy->governor must contain the "default policy" for
133 this CPU. A few moments later,
134 cpufreq_driver.verify and either
135 cpufreq_driver.setpolicy or
136 cpufreq_driver.target/target_index is called
138 policy->cpus Update this with the masks of the
139 (online + offline) CPUs that do DVFS
140 along with this CPU (i.e. that share
141 clock/voltage rails with it).
143 For setting some of these values (cpuinfo.min[max]_freq, policy->min[max]), the
144 frequency table helpers might be helpful. See the section 2 for more information
151 When the user decides a new policy (consisting of
152 "policy,governor,min,max") shall be set, this policy must be validated
153 so that incompatible values can be corrected. For verifying these
154 values cpufreq_verify_within_limits(struct cpufreq_policy *policy,
155 unsigned int min_freq, unsigned int max_freq) function might be helpful.
156 See section 2 for details on frequency table helpers.
158 You need to make sure that at least one valid frequency (or operating
159 range) is within policy->min and policy->max. If necessary, increase
160 policy->max first, and only if this is no solution, decrease policy->min.
163 1.4 target or target_index or setpolicy or fast_switch?
164 -------------------------------------------------------
166 Most cpufreq drivers or even most cpu frequency scaling algorithms
167 only allow the CPU frequency to be set to predefined fixed values. For
168 these, you use the ->target(), ->target_index() or ->fast_switch()
171 Some cpufreq capable processors switch the frequency between certain
172 limits on their own. These shall use the ->setpolicy() callback.
175 1.5. target/target_index
176 ------------------------
178 The target_index call has two arguments: struct cpufreq_policy *policy,
179 and unsigned int index (into the exposed frequency table).
181 The CPUfreq driver must set the new frequency when called here. The
182 actual frequency must be determined by freq_table[index].frequency.
184 It should always restore to earlier frequency (i.e. policy->restore_freq) in
185 case of errors, even if we switched to intermediate frequency earlier.
189 The target call has three arguments: struct cpufreq_policy *policy,
190 unsigned int target_frequency, unsigned int relation.
192 The CPUfreq driver must set the new frequency when called here. The
193 actual frequency must be determined using the following rules:
195 - keep close to "target_freq"
196 - policy->min <= new_freq <= policy->max (THIS MUST BE VALID!!!)
197 - if relation==CPUFREQ_REL_L, try to select a new_freq higher than or equal
198 target_freq. ("L for lowest, but no lower than")
199 - if relation==CPUFREQ_REL_H, try to select a new_freq lower than or equal
200 target_freq. ("H for highest, but no higher than")
202 Here again the frequency table helper might assist you - see section 2
208 This function is used for frequency switching from scheduler's context.
209 Not all drivers are expected to implement it, as sleeping from within
210 this callback isn't allowed. This callback must be highly optimized to
211 do switching as fast as possible.
213 This function has two arguments: struct cpufreq_policy *policy and
214 unsigned int target_frequency.
220 The setpolicy call only takes a struct cpufreq_policy *policy as
221 argument. You need to set the lower limit of the in-processor or
222 in-chipset dynamic frequency switching to policy->min, the upper limit
223 to policy->max, and -if supported- select a performance-oriented
224 setting when policy->policy is CPUFREQ_POLICY_PERFORMANCE, and a
225 powersaving-oriented setting when CPUFREQ_POLICY_POWERSAVE. Also check
226 the reference implementation in drivers/cpufreq/longrun.c
228 1.8 get_intermediate and target_intermediate
229 --------------------------------------------
231 Only for drivers with target_index() and CPUFREQ_ASYNC_NOTIFICATION unset.
233 get_intermediate should return a stable intermediate frequency platform wants to
234 switch to, and target_intermediate() should set CPU to that frequency, before
235 jumping to the frequency corresponding to 'index'. Core will take care of
236 sending notifications and driver doesn't have to handle them in
237 target_intermediate() or target_index().
239 Drivers can return '0' from get_intermediate() in case they don't wish to switch
240 to intermediate frequency for some target frequency. In that case core will
241 directly call ->target_index().
243 NOTE: ->target_index() should restore to policy->restore_freq in case of
244 failures as core would send notifications for that.
247 2. Frequency Table Helpers
248 ==========================
250 As most cpufreq processors only allow for being set to a few specific
251 frequencies, a "frequency table" with some functions might assist in
252 some work of the processor driver. Such a "frequency table" consists of
253 an array of struct cpufreq_frequency_table entries, with driver specific
254 values in "driver_data", the corresponding frequency in "frequency" and
255 flags set. At the end of the table, you need to add a
256 cpufreq_frequency_table entry with frequency set to CPUFREQ_TABLE_END.
257 And if you want to skip one entry in the table, set the frequency to
258 CPUFREQ_ENTRY_INVALID. The entries don't need to be in sorted in any
259 particular order, but if they are cpufreq core will do DVFS a bit
260 quickly for them as search for best match is faster.
262 By calling cpufreq_table_validate_and_show(), the cpuinfo.min_freq and
263 cpuinfo.max_freq values are detected, and policy->min and policy->max
264 are set to the same values. This is helpful for the per-CPU
265 initialization stage.
267 cpufreq_frequency_table_verify() assures that at least one valid
268 frequency is within policy->min and policy->max, and all other criteria
269 are met. This is helpful for the ->verify call.
271 cpufreq_frequency_table_target() is the corresponding frequency table
272 helper for the ->target stage. Just pass the values to this function,
273 and this function returns the of the frequency table entry which
274 contains the frequency the CPU shall be set to.
276 The following macros can be used as iterators over cpufreq_frequency_table:
278 cpufreq_for_each_entry(pos, table) - iterates over all entries of frequency
281 cpufreq_for_each_valid_entry(pos, table) - iterates over all entries,
282 excluding CPUFREQ_ENTRY_INVALID frequencies.
283 Use arguments "pos" - a cpufreq_frequency_table * as a loop cursor and
284 "table" - the cpufreq_frequency_table * you want to iterate over.
288 struct cpufreq_frequency_table *pos, *driver_freq_table;
290 cpufreq_for_each_entry(pos, driver_freq_table) {
291 /* Do something with pos */