1 ================================
2 Register Usage for Linux/PA-RISC
3 ================================
5 [ an asterisk is used for planned usage which is currently unimplemented ]
7 General Registers as specified by ABI
8 =====================================
13 =============================== ===============================================
14 CR 0 (Recovery Counter) used for ptrace
15 CR 1-CR 7(undefined) unused
16 CR 8 (Protection ID) per-process value*
17 CR 9, 12, 13 (PIDS) unused
18 CR10 (CCR) lazy FPU saving*
19 CR11 as specified by ABI (SAR)
20 CR14 (interruption vector) initialized to fault_vector
21 CR15 (EIEM) initialized to all ones*
22 CR16 (Interval Timer) read for cycle count/write starts Interval Tmr
23 CR17-CR22 interruption parameters
24 CR19 Interrupt Instruction Register
25 CR20 Interrupt Space Register
26 CR21 Interrupt Offset Register
28 CR23 (EIRR) read for pending interrupts/write clears bits
29 CR24 (TR 0) Kernel Space Page Directory Pointer
30 CR25 (TR 1) User Space Page Directory Pointer
32 CR27 (TR 3) Thread descriptor pointer
35 CR30 (TR 6) current / 0
36 CR31 (TR 7) Temporary register, used in various places
37 =============================== ===============================================
39 Space Registers (kernel mode)
40 -----------------------------
42 =============================== ===============================================
43 SR0 temporary space register
45 SR1 temporary space register
46 SR2 kernel should not clobber this
47 SR3 used for userspace accesses (current process)
48 =============================== ===============================================
50 Space Registers (user mode)
51 ---------------------------
53 =============================== ===============================================
54 SR0 temporary space register
55 SR1 temporary space register
56 SR2 holds space of linux gateway page
57 SR3 holds user address space value while in kernel
58 SR4-SR7 Defines short address space for user/kernel
59 =============================== ===============================================
65 =============================== ===============================================
66 W (64-bit addresses) 0
68 S (Secure Interval Timer) 0
69 T (Taken Branch Trap) 0
70 H (Higher-privilege trap) 0
71 L (Lower-privilege trap) 0
72 N (Nullify next instruction) used by C code
73 X (Data memory break disable) 0
74 B (Taken Branch) used by C code
75 C (code address translation) 1, 0 while executing real-mode code
76 V (divide step correction) used by C code
77 M (HPMC mask) 0, 1 while executing HPMC handler*
78 C/B (carry/borrow bits) used by C code
79 O (ordered references) 1*
80 F (performance monitor) 0
81 R (Recovery Counter trap) 0
82 Q (collect interruption state) 1 (0 in code directly preceding an rfi)
83 P (Protection Identifiers) 1*
84 D (Data address translation) 1, 0 while executing real-mode code
85 I (external interrupt mask) used by cli()/sti() macros
86 =============================== ===============================================
91 =============================== ===============================================
94 Shadow Registers used by interruption handler code
96 =============================== ===============================================
98 -------------------------------------------------------------------------
100 The PA-RISC architecture defines 7 registers as "shadow registers".
101 Those are used in RETURN FROM INTERRUPTION AND RESTORE instruction to reduce
102 the state save and restore time by eliminating the need for general register
103 (GR) saves and restores in interruption handlers.
104 Shadow registers are the GRs 1, 8, 9, 16, 17, 24, and 25.
106 -------------------------------------------------------------------------
108 Register usage notes, originally from John Marvin, with some additional
109 notes from Randolph Chung.
111 For the general registers:
113 r1,r2,r19-r26,r28,r29 & r31 can be used without saving them first. And of
114 course, you need to save them if you care about them, before calling
115 another procedure. Some of the above registers do have special meanings
116 that you should be aware of:
119 The addil instruction is hardwired to place its result in r1,
120 so if you use that instruction be aware of that.
123 This is the return pointer. In general you don't want to
124 use this, since you need the pointer to get back to your
125 caller. However, it is grouped with this set of registers
126 since the caller can't rely on the value being the same
127 when you return, i.e. you can copy r2 to another register
128 and return through that register after trashing r2, and
129 that should not cause a problem for the calling routine.
132 these are generally regarded as temporary registers.
133 Note that in 64 bit they are arg7-arg4.
136 these are arg3-arg0, i.e. you can use them if you
137 don't care about the values that were passed in anymore.
140 are ret0 and ret1. They are what you pass return values
141 in. r28 is the primary return. When returning small structures
142 r29 may also be used to pass data back to the caller.
148 the ble instruction puts the return pointer in here.
151 r3-r18,r27,r30 need to be saved and restored. r3-r18 are just
152 general purpose registers. r27 is the data pointer, and is
153 used to make references to global variables easier. r30 is