1 Ramoops oops/panic logger
2 =========================
4 Sergiu Iordache <sergiu@chromium.org>
11 Ramoops is an oops/panic logger that writes its logs to RAM before the system
12 crashes. It works by logging oopses and panics in a circular buffer. Ramoops
13 needs a system with persistent RAM so that the content of that area can
14 survive after a restart.
19 Ramoops uses a predefined memory area to store the dump. The start and size
20 and type of the memory area are set using three variables:
22 * ``mem_address`` for the start
23 * ``mem_size`` for the size. The memory size will be rounded down to a
25 * ``mem_type`` to specify if the memory type (default is pgprot_writecombine).
27 Typically the default value of ``mem_type=0`` should be used as that sets the pstore
28 mapping to pgprot_writecombine. Setting ``mem_type=1`` attempts to use
29 ``pgprot_noncached``, which only works on some platforms. This is because pstore
30 depends on atomic operations. At least on ARM, pgprot_noncached causes the
31 memory to be mapped strongly ordered, and atomic operations on strongly ordered
32 memory are implementation defined, and won't work on many ARMs such as omaps.
33 Setting ``mem_type=2`` attempts to treat the memory region as normal memory,
34 which enables full cache on it. This can improve the performance.
36 The memory area is divided into ``record_size`` chunks (also rounded down to
37 power of two) and each kmesg dump writes a ``record_size`` chunk of
40 Limiting which kinds of kmsg dumps are stored can be controlled via
41 the ``max_reason`` value, as defined in include/linux/kmsg_dump.h's
42 ``enum kmsg_dump_reason``. For example, to store both Oopses and Panics,
43 ``max_reason`` should be set to 2 (KMSG_DUMP_OOPS), to store only Panics
44 ``max_reason`` should be set to 1 (KMSG_DUMP_PANIC). Setting this to 0
45 (KMSG_DUMP_UNDEF), means the reason filtering will be controlled by the
46 ``printk.always_kmsg_dump`` boot param: if unset, it'll be KMSG_DUMP_OOPS,
47 otherwise KMSG_DUMP_MAX.
49 The module uses a counter to record multiple dumps but the counter gets reset
50 on restart (i.e. new dumps after the restart will overwrite old ones).
52 Ramoops also supports software ECC protection of persistent memory regions.
53 This might be useful when a hardware reset was used to bring the machine back
54 to life (i.e. a watchdog triggered). In such cases, RAM may be somewhat
55 corrupt, but usually it is restorable.
57 Setting the parameters
58 ----------------------
60 Setting the ramoops parameters can be done in several different manners:
62 A. Use the module parameters (which have the names of the variables described
63 as before). For quick debugging, you can also reserve parts of memory during
64 boot and then use the reserved memory for ramoops. For example, assuming a
65 machine with > 128 MB of memory, the following kernel command line will tell
66 the kernel to use only the first 128 MB of memory, and place ECC-protected
67 ramoops region at 128 MB boundary::
69 mem=128M ramoops.mem_address=0x8000000 ramoops.ecc=1
71 B. Use Device Tree bindings, as described in
72 ``Documentation/devicetree/bindings/reserved-memory/ramoops.yaml``.
81 compatible = "ramoops";
82 reg = <0 0x8f000000 0 0x100000>;
83 record-size = <0x4000>;
84 console-size = <0x4000>;
88 C. Use a platform device and set the platform data. The parameters can then
89 be set through that platform data. An example of doing that is:
93 #include <linux/pstore_ram.h>
96 static struct ramoops_platform_data ramoops_data = {
100 .record_size = <...>,
105 static struct platform_device ramoops_dev = {
108 .platform_data = &ramoops_data,
112 [... inside a function ...]
115 ret = platform_device_register(&ramoops_dev);
117 printk(KERN_ERR "unable to register platform device\n");
121 You can specify either RAM memory or peripheral devices' memory. However, when
122 specifying RAM, be sure to reserve the memory by issuing memblock_reserve()
123 very early in the architecture code, e.g.::
125 #include <linux/memblock.h>
127 memblock_reserve(ramoops_data.mem_address, ramoops_data.mem_size);
132 The data dump begins with a header, currently defined as ``====`` followed by a
133 timestamp and a new line. The dump then continues with the actual data.
138 The dump data can be read from the pstore filesystem. The format for these
139 files is ``dmesg-ramoops-N``, where N is the record number in memory. To delete
140 a stored record from RAM, simply unlink the respective pstore file.
142 Persistent function tracing
143 ---------------------------
145 Persistent function tracing might be useful for debugging software or hardware
146 related hangs. The functions call chain log is stored in a ``ftrace-ramoops``
147 file. Here is an example of usage::
149 # mount -t debugfs debugfs /sys/kernel/debug/
150 # echo 1 > /sys/kernel/debug/pstore/record_ftrace
153 # mount -t pstore pstore /mnt/
154 # tail /mnt/ftrace-ramoops
155 0 ffffffff8101ea64 ffffffff8101bcda native_apic_mem_read <- disconnect_bsp_APIC+0x6a/0xc0
156 0 ffffffff8101ea44 ffffffff8101bcf6 native_apic_mem_write <- disconnect_bsp_APIC+0x86/0xc0
157 0 ffffffff81020084 ffffffff8101a4b5 hpet_disable <- native_machine_shutdown+0x75/0x90
158 0 ffffffff81005f94 ffffffff8101a4bb iommu_shutdown_noop <- native_machine_shutdown+0x7b/0x90
159 0 ffffffff8101a6a1 ffffffff8101a437 native_machine_emergency_restart <- native_machine_restart+0x37/0x40
160 0 ffffffff811f9876 ffffffff8101a73a acpi_reboot <- native_machine_emergency_restart+0xaa/0x1e0
161 0 ffffffff8101a514 ffffffff8101a772 mach_reboot_fixups <- native_machine_emergency_restart+0xe2/0x1e0
162 0 ffffffff811d9c54 ffffffff8101a7a0 __const_udelay <- native_machine_emergency_restart+0x110/0x1e0
163 0 ffffffff811d9c34 ffffffff811d9c80 __delay <- __const_udelay+0x30/0x40
164 0 ffffffff811d9d14 ffffffff811d9c3f delay_tsc <- __delay+0xf/0x20