1 GPIO Sysfs Interface for Userspace
2 ==================================
6 THIS ABI IS DEPRECATED, THE ABI DOCUMENTATION HAS BEEN MOVED TO
7 Documentation/ABI/obsolete/sysfs-gpio AND NEW USERSPACE CONSUMERS
8 ARE SUPPOSED TO USE THE CHARACTER DEVICE ABI. THIS OLD SYSFS ABI WILL
9 NOT BE DEVELOPED (NO NEW FEATURES), IT WILL JUST BE MAINTAINED.
11 Refer to the examples in tools/gpio/* for an introduction to the new
12 character device ABI. Also see the userspace header in
13 include/uapi/linux/gpio.h
15 The deprecated sysfs ABI
16 ------------------------
17 Platforms which use the "gpiolib" implementors framework may choose to
18 configure a sysfs user interface to GPIOs. This is different from the
19 debugfs interface, since it provides control over GPIO direction and
20 value instead of just showing a gpio state summary. Plus, it could be
21 present on production systems without debugging support.
23 Given appropriate hardware documentation for the system, userspace could
24 know for example that GPIO #23 controls the write protect line used to
25 protect boot loader segments in flash memory. System upgrade procedures
26 may need to temporarily remove that protection, first importing a GPIO,
27 then changing its output state, then updating the code before re-enabling
28 the write protection. In normal use, GPIO #23 would never be touched,
29 and the kernel would have no need to know about it.
31 Again depending on appropriate hardware documentation, on some systems
32 userspace GPIO can be used to determine system configuration data that
33 standard kernels won't know about. And for some tasks, simple userspace
34 GPIO drivers could be all that the system really needs.
36 DO NOT ABUSE SYSFS TO CONTROL HARDWARE THAT HAS PROPER KERNEL DRIVERS.
37 PLEASE READ THE DOCUMENT AT Documentation/driver-api/gpio/drivers-on-gpio.rst
38 TO AVOID REINVENTING KERNEL WHEELS IN USERSPACE. I MEAN IT. REALLY.
42 There are three kinds of entries in /sys/class/gpio:
44 - Control interfaces used to get userspace control over GPIOs;
46 - GPIOs themselves; and
48 - GPIO controllers ("gpio_chip" instances).
50 That's in addition to standard files including the "device" symlink.
52 The control interfaces are write-only:
57 Userspace may ask the kernel to export control of
58 a GPIO to userspace by writing its number to this file.
60 Example: "echo 19 > export" will create a "gpio19" node
61 for GPIO #19, if that's not requested by kernel code.
64 Reverses the effect of exporting to userspace.
66 Example: "echo 19 > unexport" will remove a "gpio19"
67 node exported using the "export" file.
69 GPIO signals have paths like /sys/class/gpio/gpio42/ (for GPIO #42)
70 and have the following read/write attributes:
72 /sys/class/gpio/gpioN/
75 reads as either "in" or "out". This value may
76 normally be written. Writing as "out" defaults to
77 initializing the value as low. To ensure glitch free
78 operation, values "low" and "high" may be written to
79 configure the GPIO as an output with that initial value.
81 Note that this attribute *will not exist* if the kernel
82 doesn't support changing the direction of a GPIO, or
83 it was exported by kernel code that didn't explicitly
84 allow userspace to reconfigure this GPIO's direction.
87 reads as either 0 (low) or 1 (high). If the GPIO
88 is configured as an output, this value may be written;
89 any nonzero value is treated as high.
91 If the pin can be configured as interrupt-generating interrupt
92 and if it has been configured to generate interrupts (see the
93 description of "edge"), you can poll(2) on that file and
94 poll(2) will return whenever the interrupt was triggered. If
95 you use poll(2), set the events POLLPRI and POLLERR. If you
96 use select(2), set the file descriptor in exceptfds. After
97 poll(2) returns, either lseek(2) to the beginning of the sysfs
98 file and read the new value or close the file and re-open it
102 reads as either "none", "rising", "falling", or
103 "both". Write these strings to select the signal edge(s)
104 that will make poll(2) on the "value" file return.
106 This file exists only if the pin can be configured as an
107 interrupt generating input pin.
110 reads as either 0 (false) or 1 (true). Write
111 any nonzero value to invert the value attribute both
112 for reading and writing. Existing and subsequent
113 poll(2) support configuration via the edge attribute
114 for "rising" and "falling" edges will follow this
117 GPIO controllers have paths like /sys/class/gpio/gpiochip42/ (for the
118 controller implementing GPIOs starting at #42) and have the following
119 read-only attributes:
121 /sys/class/gpio/gpiochipN/
124 same as N, the first GPIO managed by this chip
127 provided for diagnostics (not always unique)
130 how many GPIOs this manages (N to N + ngpio - 1)
132 Board documentation should in most cases cover what GPIOs are used for
133 what purposes. However, those numbers are not always stable; GPIOs on
134 a daughtercard might be different depending on the base board being used,
135 or other cards in the stack. In such cases, you may need to use the
136 gpiochip nodes (possibly in conjunction with schematics) to determine
137 the correct GPIO number to use for a given signal.
140 Exporting from Kernel code
141 --------------------------
142 Kernel code can explicitly manage exports of GPIOs which have already been
143 requested using gpio_request()::
145 /* export the GPIO to userspace */
146 int gpiod_export(struct gpio_desc *desc, bool direction_may_change);
148 /* reverse gpio_export() */
149 void gpiod_unexport(struct gpio_desc *desc);
151 /* create a sysfs link to an exported GPIO node */
152 int gpiod_export_link(struct device *dev, const char *name,
153 struct gpio_desc *desc);
155 After a kernel driver requests a GPIO, it may only be made available in
156 the sysfs interface by gpiod_export(). The driver can control whether the
157 signal direction may change. This helps drivers prevent userspace code
158 from accidentally clobbering important system state.
160 This explicit exporting can help with debugging (by making some kinds
161 of experiments easier), or can provide an always-there interface that's
162 suitable for documenting as part of a board support package.
164 After the GPIO has been exported, gpiod_export_link() allows creating
165 symlinks from elsewhere in sysfs to the GPIO sysfs node. Drivers can
166 use this to provide the interface under their own device in sysfs with