#!/usr/bin/perl -w

#
# c4: Chip's Challenge Combined Converter
#
# Use "perldoc c4" to read the documentation.
#
# Copyright (C) 2003-2006 Brian Raiter. This program is licensed under
# an MIT-style license. Please see the documentation for details.
#

use strict;

#
# First, some global functions used across packages.
#

package main;

# All the names of all the tiles.
#
my @tilenames;
my %tilenames;
foreach my $names
       ([ "empty", "floor" ],
	[ "wall" ],
	[ "ic chip", "computer chip" ],
	[ "water" ],
	[ "fire" ],
	[ "hidden wall", "invisible wall permanent", "inv wall permanent" ],
	[ "wall north", "partition north", "blocked north" ],
	[ "wall west", "partition west", "blocked west" ],
	[ "wall south", "partition south", "blocked south" ],
	[ "wall east", "partition east", "blocked east" ],
	[ "block", "moveable block", "movable block" ],
	[ "dirt" ],
	[ "ice" ],
	[ "force floor south", "force south", "slide south",
					      "slide floor south" ],
	[ "block north", "cloning block north" ],
	[ "block west", "cloning block west" ],
	[ "block south", "cloning block south" ],
	[ "block east", "cloning block east" ],
	[ "force floor north", "force north", "slide north",
					      "slide floor north" ],
	[ "force floor east", "force east", "slide east", "slide floor east" ],
	[ "force floor west", "force west", "slide west", "slide floor west" ],
	[ "exit" ],
	[ "blue door", "door blue" ],
	[ "red door", "door red" ],
	[ "green door", "door green" ],
	[ "yellow door", "door yellow" ],
	[ "ice wall southeast", "ice wall se", "ice se",
				"ice corner southeast", "ice corner se" ],
	[ "ice wall southwest", "ice wall sw", "ice sw",
				"ice corner southwest", "ice corner sw" ],
	[ "ice wall northwest", "ice wall nw", "ice nw",
				"ice corner northwest", "ice corner nw" ],
	[ "ice wall northeast", "ice wall ne", "ice ne",
				"ice corner northeast", "ice corner ne" ],
	[ "blue block floor", "blue block fake", "blue wall fake" ],
	[ "blue block wall", "blue block real", "blue wall real" ],
	[ "(combination)" ],
	[ "thief", "spy" ],
	[ "socket" ],
	[ "green button", "button green", "toggle button", "button toggle" ],
	[ "red button", "button red", "clone button", "button clone" ],
	[ "toggle closed", "toggle wall closed", "closed toggle wall",
			   "toggle door closed", "closed toggle door" ],
	[ "toggle open", "toggle wall open", "open toggle wall",
			 "toggle door open", "open toggle door" ],
	[ "brown button", "button brown", "trap button", "button trap" ],
	[ "blue button", "button blue", "tank button", "button tank" ],
	[ "teleport" ],
	[ "bomb" ],
	[ "trap", "beartrap", "bear trap" ],
	[ "invisible wall", "invisible wall temporary", "inv wall temporary" ],
	[ "gravel" ],
	[ "popup wall", "pass once" ],
	[ "hint button" ],
	[ "wall southeast", "partition southeast", "blocked southeast",
			    "wall se", "partition se", "blocked se" ],
	[ "clone machine", "cloner", "cloning machine" ],
	[ "force floor any", "force any", "slide any", "slide floor any",
			     "force floor random", "force random",
			     "slide random", "slide floor random",
			     "random slide floor" ],
	[ "(chip drowned)" ],
	[ "(chip burned)" ],
	[ "(chip bombed)" ],
	[ "(unused 1)" ],
	[ "(unused 2)" ],
	[ "(unused 3)" ],
	[ "(exiting)" ],
	[ "(exit 1)" ],
	[ "(exit 2)" ],
	[ "(chip swimming north)", "(chip swimming n)" ],
	[ "(chip swimming west)", "(chip swimming w)" ],
	[ "(chip swimming south)", "(chip swimming s)" ],
	[ "(chip swimming east)", "(chip swimming e)" ],
	[ "bug north", "bee north" ],
	[ "bug west", "bee west" ],
	[ "bug south", "bee south" ],
	[ "bug east", "bee east" ],
	[ "fireball north", "flame north" ],
	[ "fireball west", "flame west" ],
	[ "fireball south", "flame south" ],
	[ "fireball east", "flame east" ],
	[ "ball north" ],
	[ "ball west" ],
	[ "ball south" ],
	[ "ball east" ],
	[ "tank north" ],
	[ "tank west" ],
	[ "tank south" ],
	[ "tank east" ],
	[ "glider north", "ghost north" ],
	[ "glider west", "ghost west" ],
	[ "glider south", "ghost south" ],
	[ "glider east", "ghost east" ],
	[ "teeth north", "frog north" ],
	[ "teeth west", "frog west" ],
	[ "teeth south", "frog south" ],
	[ "teeth east", "frog east" ],
	[ "walker north", "dumbbell north" ],
	[ "walker west", "dumbbell west" ],
	[ "walker south", "dumbbell south" ],
	[ "walker east", "dumbbell east" ],
	[ "blob north" ],
	[ "blob west" ],
	[ "blob south" ],
	[ "blob east" ],
	[ "paramecium north", "centipede north" ],
	[ "paramecium west", "centipede west" ],
	[ "paramecium south", "centipede south" ],
	[ "paramecium east", "centipede east" ],
	[ "blue key", "key blue" ],
	[ "red key", "key red" ],
	[ "green key", "key green" ],
	[ "yellow key", "key yellow" ],
	[ "water boots", "boots water", "water shield", "flippers" ],
	[ "fire boots", "boots fire", "fire shield" ],
	[ "ice boots", "boots ice", "spike shoes", "spiked shoes",
		       "ice skates", "skates" ],
	[ "force boots", "boots force", "slide boots", "boots slide",
			 "magnet", "suction boots" ],
	[ "chip north" ],
	[ "chip west" ],
	[ "chip south" ],
	[ "chip east" ])
{
    push @tilenames, $names->[0];
    @tilenames{@$names} = ($#tilenames) x @$names;
}

# The original 150 passwords.
#
my @origpasswords = @{
    [qw(BDHP	JXMJ	ECBQ	YMCJ	TQKB	WNLP	FXQO	NHAG
	KCRE	VUWS	CNPE	WVHI	OCKS	BTDY	COZQ	SKKK
	AJMG	HMJL	MRHR	KGFP	UGRW	WZIN	HUVE	UNIZ
	PQGV	YVYJ	IGGZ	UJDD	QGOL	BQZP	RYMS	PEFS
	BQSN	NQFI	VDTM	NXIS	VQNK	BIFA	ICXY	YWFH
	GKWD	LMFU	UJDP	TXHL	OVPZ	HDQJ	LXPP	JYSF
	PPXI	QBDH	IGGJ	PPHT	CGNX	ZMGC	SJES	FCJE
	UBXU	YBLT	BLDM	ZYVI	RMOW	TIGW	GOHX	IJPQ
	UPUN	ZIKZ	GGJA	RTDI	NLLY	GCCG	LAJM	EKFT
	QCCR	MKNH	MJDV	NMRH	FHIC	GRMO	JINU	EVUG
	SCWF	LLIO	OVPJ	UVEO	LEBX	FLHH	YJYS	WZYV
	VCZO	OLLM	JPQG	DTMI	REKF	EWCS	BIFQ	WVHY
	IOCS	TKWD	XUVU	QJXR	RPIR	VDDU	PTAC	KWNL
	YNEG	NXYB	ECRE	LIOC	KZQR	XBAO	KRQJ	NJLA
	PTAS	JWNL	EGRW	HXMF	FPZT	OSCW	PHTY	FLXP
	BPYS	SJUM	YKZE	TASX	MYRT	QRLD	JMWZ	FTLA
	HEAN	XHIZ	FIRD	ZYFA	TIGG	XPPH	LYWO	LUZL
	HPPX	LUJT	VLHH	SJUK	MCJE	UCRY	OKOR	GVXQ
	YBLI	JHEN	COZA	RGSK	DIGW	GNLP)]
};

# Return true if the given tile is one of the creatures, one of the
# blocks, or Chip.
#
sub iscreature($) { $_[0] >= 0x40 && $_[0] < 0x64 }
sub isblock($)    { $_[0] == 0x0A || ($_[0] >= 0x0E && $_[0] < 0x12) }
sub ischip($)     { $_[0] >= 0x6C && $_[0] < 0x70 }

my $filename = undef;
my $filepos = undef;
my $filelevel = undef;
sub err(@)
{
    if (defined $filename) {
	if (defined $filelevel) {
	    print STDERR "$filename: level $filelevel: ";
	} elsif (defined $filepos) {
	    print STDERR "$filename, byte $filepos: ";
	} elsif ($.) {
	    print STDERR "$filename:$.: ";
	} else {
	    print STDERR "$filename: ";
	}
    } else {
	if (defined $filelevel) {
	    print STDERR "$filename: level $filelevel: ";
	} elsif (defined $filepos) {
	    print STDERR "byte $filepos: ";
	} elsif ($.) {
	    print STDERR "line $.: ";
	}
    }
    print STDERR @_, "\n";
    return;
}

# Given a pack template, return the size of the packed data in bytes.
# The template is assumed to only contain the types a, C, v, and V.
#
sub packlen($)
{
    my $template = shift;
    my $size = 0;
    while (length $template) {
	my $char = substr $template, 0, 1, "";
	my $n = $char eq "V" ? 4 : $char eq "v" ? 2 : 1;
	$n *= $1 if $template =~ s/\A(\d+)//;
	$size += $n;
    }
    return $size;
}

# Read a sequence of bytes from a binary file, according to a pack
# template. The unpacked values are returned.
#
sub fileread($$;\$@)
{
    my $input = shift;
    my $template = shift;
    my $levelsize = shift;
    my ($buf, $len);
    $len = ::packlen $template;
    return ::err "invalid template given to fileread" unless $len > 0;
    my $ret = sysread $input, $buf, $len;
    return ::err $! unless defined $ret;
    return ::err "unexpected EOF" unless $ret;
    $filepos ||= 0;
    $filepos += $ret;
    if (ref $levelsize) {
	return ::err "invalid metadata in data file",
		     " (expecting $len bytes; found only $$levelsize)"
	    unless $len <= $$levelsize;
	$$levelsize -= $len;
    }
    my (@fields) = (unpack $template, $buf);
    foreach my $field (@fields) {
	last unless @_;
	my $min = shift;
	my $max = shift;
	return ::err "invalid data in data file"
	    if defined $min && $field < $min or defined $max && $field > $max;
    }
    return wantarray ? @fields : $fields[-1];
}

# Translate escape sequences in the given string.
#
sub unescape($)
{
    local $_ = shift;
    s/\\([0-7][0-7][0-7])/chr oct$1/eg;
    s/\\([\\\"])/$1/g;
    return $_;
}

sub escape($)
{
    local $_ = shift;
    s/([\\\"])/\\$1/g;
    s/([^\020-\176])/sprintf"\\%03o",ord$1/eg;
    return $_;
}

# Take a standard creature list from a dat file and augment it as
# necessary for a Lynx-based file format. This involves adding entries
# for Chip, blocks, immobile creatures, and creatures on clone
# machines.
#
sub makelynxcrlist($$)
{
    my $map = shift;
    my $datcreatures = shift;
    my @crlist;
    my @listed;

    if (defined $datcreatures) {
	foreach my $n (0 .. $#$datcreatures) {
	    $listed[$datcreatures->[$n][0]][$datcreatures->[$n][1]] = $n;
	}
    }

    my $chip = undef;
    foreach my $y (0 .. 31) {
	foreach my $x (0 .. 31) {
	    my $obj = $map->[$y][$x][0];
	    next unless ::iscreature $obj || ::isblock $obj || ::ischip $obj;
	    my ($seq, $ff, $mobile) = (0, 0, 1);
	    if (::ischip $obj) {
		return "multiple Chips present" if defined $chip;
		$chip = @crlist;
	    } elsif (::isblock $obj) {
		$mobile = -1 if $map->[$y][$x][1] == $tilenames{"cloner"};
	    } else {
		if ($map->[$y][$x][1] == $tilenames{"cloner"}) {
		    $mobile = -1;
		} else {
		    $mobile = defined $listed[$y][$x] ? 1 : 0;
		}
		$seq = $listed[$y][$x] + 1 if defined $listed[$y][$x];
	    }
	    push @crlist, [ $seq, $y, $x, $mobile ];
	}
    }
    return "Chip absent" unless defined $chip;
    return "over 128 creatures" if @crlist > 128;
    ($crlist[$chip], $crlist[0]) = ($crlist[0], $crlist[$chip]);

    my @sortlist;
    foreach my $n (0 .. $#crlist) { push @sortlist, $n if $crlist[$n][0] }
    @sortlist = sort { $crlist[$a][0] <=> $crlist[$b][0] } @sortlist;

    my @lynxcreatures;
    foreach my $n (0 .. $#crlist) {
	my $creature = $crlist[$n];
	$creature = $crlist[shift @sortlist] if $creature->[0];
	push @lynxcreatures, [ $creature->[1],
			       $creature->[2],
			       $creature->[3] ];
    }

    return \@lynxcreatures;
}

# Translate a creature list from a lynx-based file format to one
# appropriate for a dat-based file format.
#
sub makedatcrlist($$)
{
    my $map = shift;
    my $lynxcreatures = shift;
    my @crlist;

    return undef unless defined $lynxcreatures;

    foreach my $creature (@$lynxcreatures) {
	next if $creature->[2] != 1;
	next if ::ischip $map->[$creature->[0]][$creature->[1]][0];
	next if ::isblock $map->[$creature->[0]][$creature->[1]][0];
	push @crlist, [ $creature->[0], $creature->[1] ];
    }

    return \@crlist;
}

#
# The textual source file format
#

package txtfile;

# The list of default tile symbols.
#
my %tilesymbols = %{{
    " "  => $tilenames{"empty"},
    "#"  => $tilenames{"wall"},
    "\$" => $tilenames{"ic chip"},
    ","  => $tilenames{"water"},
    "&"  => $tilenames{"fire"},
    "~"  => $tilenames{"wall north"},
    "|"  => $tilenames{"wall west"},
    "_"  => $tilenames{"wall south"},
    " |" => $tilenames{"wall east"},
    "[]" => $tilenames{"block"},
    "["  => $tilenames{"block"},
    ";"  => $tilenames{"dirt"},
    "="  => $tilenames{"ice"},
    "v"  => $tilenames{"force south"},
    "^"  => $tilenames{"force north"},
    ">"  => $tilenames{"force east"},
    "<"  => $tilenames{"force west"},
    "E"  => $tilenames{"exit"},
    "H"  => $tilenames{"socket"},
    "6"  => $tilenames{"bomb"},
    ":"  => $tilenames{"gravel"},
    "?"  => $tilenames{"hint button"},
    "_|" => $tilenames{"wall southeast"},
    "<>" => $tilenames{"force any"},
    "@"  => $tilenames{"chip south"},
    "^]" => [ $tilenames{"cloning block north"}, $tilenames{"clone machine"} ],
    "<]" => [ $tilenames{"cloning block west"},  $tilenames{"clone machine"} ],
    "v]" => [ $tilenames{"cloning block south"}, $tilenames{"clone machine"} ],
    ">]" => [ $tilenames{"cloning block east"},  $tilenames{"clone machine"} ]
}};

#
#
#

# Error message display.
#
sub err(@) { warn "line $.: ", @_, "\n"; return; }

# The list of incomplete tile names recognized. Each incomplete name
# has a list of characters that complete them.
#
my %partialnames = %{{
    "key"	=> { "blue key"		=> "b", "red key"	  => "r",
		     "green key"	=> "g", "yellow key"	  => "y" },
    "door"	=> { "blue door"	=> "b", "red door"	  => "r",
		     "green door"	=> "g", "yellow door"	  => "y" },
    "bug"	=> { "bug north"	=> "n", "bug west"	  => "w",
		     "bug south"	=> "s", "bug east"	  => "e" },
    "bee"	=> { "bee north"	=> "n", "bee west"	  => "w",
		     "bee south"	=> "s", "bee east"	  => "e" },
    "fireball"	=> { "fireball north"	=> "n", "fireball west"	  => "w",
		     "fireball south"	=> "s", "fireball east"	  => "e" },
    "flame"	=> { "flame north"	=> "n", "flame west"	  => "w",
		     "flame south"	=> "s", "flame east"	  => "e" },
    "ball"	=> { "ball north"	=> "n", "ball west"	  => "w",
		     "ball south"	=> "s", "ball east"	  => "e" },
    "tank"	=> { "tank north"	=> "n", "tank west"	  => "w",
		     "tank south"	=> "s", "tank east"	  => "e" },
    "glider"	=> { "glider north"	=> "n", "glider west"	  => "w",
		     "glider south"	=> "s", "glider east"	  => "e" },
    "ghost"	=> { "ghost north"	=> "n", "ghost west"	  => "w",
		     "ghost south"	=> "s", "ghost east"	  => "e" },
    "teeth"	=> { "teeth north"	=> "n", "teeth west"	  => "w",
		     "teeth south"	=> "s", "teeth east"	  => "e" },
    "frog"	=> { "frog north"	=> "n", "frog west"	  => "w",
		     "frog south"	=> "s", "frog east"	  => "e" },
    "walker"	=> { "walker north"	=> "n", "walker west"	  => "w",
		     "walker south"	=> "s", "walker east"	  => "e" },
    "dumbbell"	=> { "dumbbell north"	=> "n", "dumbbell west"	  => "w",
		     "dumbbell south"	=> "s", "dumbbell east"	  => "e" },
    "blob"	=> { "blob north"	=> "n", "blob west"	  => "w",
		     "blob south"	=> "s", "blob east"	  => "e" },
    "paramecium"=> { "paramecium north"	=> "n", "paramecium west" => "w",
		     "paramecium south"	=> "s", "paramecium east" => "e" },
    "centipede"	=> { "centipede north"	=> "n", "centipede west"  => "w",
		     "centipede south"	=> "s", "centipede east"  => "e" },
    "chip"	=> { "chip north"	=> "n", "chip west"	  => "w",
		     "chip south"	=> "s", "chip east"	  => "e" },
    "(swimming chip)"
		=> { "(swimming chip north)" => "n",
		     "(swimming chip west)"  => "w",
		     "(swimming chip south)" => "s",
		     "(swimming chip east)"  => "e" }
}};

# The list of tile definitions that are defined throughout the set. A
# number of definitions are made by default at startup.
#
my %globaltiles = %tilesymbols;

# The list of tile definitions for a given level.
#
my %localtiles;

# Add a list of tile definitions to a hash.
#
sub addtiledefs(\%@)
{
    my $tiledefs = shift;
    while (my $def = shift) { $tiledefs->{$def->[0]} = $def->[1] }
}

# Given a string, return the tile with that name. If the name is not
# recognized, undef is returned and a error message is displayed.
#
sub lookuptilename($)
{
    my $name = shift;
    my $value = undef;

    return $tilenames{$name} if exists $tilenames{$name};

    if ($name =~ /^0x([0-9A-Fa-f][0-9A-Fa-f])$/) {
	$value = hex $1;
	return $value if $value >= 0 && $value <= 255;
    }

    my $n = length $name;
    foreach my $key (keys %tilenames) {
	if ($name eq substr $key, 0, $n) {
	    return ::err "ambiguous object id \"$name\""
		if defined $value && $value != $tilenames{$key};
	    $value = $tilenames{$key};
	}
    }
    return ::err "unknown object id \"$name\"" unless defined $value;
    return $value;
}

# Given two characters, return the tile or pair of tiles which the
# characters represent. The characters can stand for a pair of tiles
# directly, or each character can independently represent one tile. In
# either case, a pair of tiles is returned as an array ref. A single
# tile is returned directly. If one or both characters are
# unrecognized, undef is returned and an error message is displayed.
#
sub lookuptile($);
sub lookuptile($)
{
    my $symbol = shift;
    $symbol =~ s/\A(.) \Z/$1/;

    return $localtiles{$symbol} if exists $localtiles{$symbol};
    return $globaltiles{$symbol} if exists $globaltiles{$symbol};

    if (length($symbol) == 2) {
	my $top = lookuptile substr $symbol, 0, 1;
	if (defined $top && ref $top && $top->[1] < 0) {
	    return $top;
	} elsif (defined $top && !ref $top) {
	    my $bot = lookuptile substr $symbol, 1, 1;
	    if (defined $bot && !ref $bot) {
		return [ $top, $bot ];
	    }
	}
    }

    return ::err "unrecognized map tile \"$symbol\"";
}

# Return the number of chips present on the map.
#
sub getchipcount($)
{
    my $map = shift;
    my $count = 0;

    foreach my $y (0 .. 31) {
	foreach my $x (0 .. 31) {
	    ++$count if $map->[$y][$x][0] == 0x02;
	    ++$count if $map->[$y][$x][1] == 0x02;
	}
    }
    return $count;
}

# Given a completed map, return the default list of traps connections
# as an array ref. (The default list follows the original Lynx rules
# of connecting buttons to the first subsequent trap in reading
# order.)
#
sub buildtraplist($)
{
    my $map = shift;
    my $firsttrap = undef;
    my @traps;
    my @buttons;

    foreach my $y (0 .. 31) {
	foreach my $x (0 .. 31) {
	    if ($map->[$y][$x][0] == 0x27 || $map->[$y][$x][1] == 0x27) {
		push @buttons, [ $y, $x ];
	    } elsif ($map->[$y][$x][0] == 0x2B || $map->[$y][$x][1] == 0x2B) {
		push @traps, map { { from => $_, to => [ $y, $x ] } } @buttons;
		undef @buttons;
		$firsttrap = [ $y, $x ] unless defined $firsttrap;
	    }
	}
    }
    push @traps, map { { from => $_, to => $firsttrap } } @buttons
	if @buttons && defined $firsttrap;
    return \@traps;
}

# Given a completed map, return the default list of clone machine
# connections as an array ref. (This function looks a lot like the
# prior one.)
#
sub buildclonerlist($)
{
    my $map = shift;
    my $firstcm = undef;
    my @cms;
    my @buttons;

    foreach my $y (0 .. 31) {
	foreach my $x (0 .. 31) {
	    if ($map->[$y][$x][0] == 0x24 || $map->[$y][$x][1] == 0x24) {
		push @buttons, [ $y, $x ];
	    } elsif ($map->[$y][$x][0] == 0x31 || $map->[$y][$x][1] == 0x31) {
		push @cms, map { { from => $_, to => [ $y, $x ] } } @buttons;
		undef @buttons;
		$firstcm = [ $y, $x ] unless defined $firstcm;
	    }
	}
    }
    push @cms, map { { from => $_, to => $firstcm } } @buttons
	if @buttons && defined $firstcm;
    return \@cms;
}

# Given a completed map, return the default ordering of creatures as
# an array ref. (The default ordering is to first list the creatures
# in reading order, including Chip. Then, the first creature on the
# list swaps positions with Chip, who is then removed from the list.)
#
sub buildcreaturelist($$)
{
    my $map = shift;
    my $ruleset = shift;
    my $chippos = undef;
    my @crlist;

    foreach my $y (0 .. 31) {
	foreach my $x (0 .. 31) {
	    my $tile = $map->[$y][$x][0];
	    if (::iscreature $tile) {
		push @crlist, [ $y, $x ];
	    } elsif (::isblock $tile) {
		push @crlist, [ $y, $x, 0 ];
	    } elsif (::ischip $tile) {
		$chippos = @crlist;
		push @crlist, [ $y, $x, 0 ];
	    }
	}
    }
    if ($ruleset eq "lynx") {
	($crlist[0], $crlist[$chippos]) = ($crlist[$chippos], $crlist[0])
	    if $chippos;
	foreach my $item (@crlist) { $#$item = 1 }
    } else {
	if (defined $chippos && $chippos > 1) {
	    my $cr = shift @crlist;
	    $crlist[$chippos - 1] = $cr;
	}
	for (my $n = $#crlist ; $n >= 0 ; --$n) {
	    splice @crlist, $n, 1 if $#{$crlist[$n]} > 1;
	}
    }

    return \@crlist;
}

# Compare two arrays of lines of text. Wherever the same pair of
# characters appears in same place in both arrays, the occurrence in
# the first array is replaced with spaces.
#
sub subtracttext(\@\@)
{
    my $array = shift;
    my $remove = shift;

    for (my $n = 0 ; $n < @$array && $n < @$remove ; ++$n) {
	my $m = 0;
	while ($m < length $array->[$n] && $m < length $remove->[$n]) {
	    my $a = substr $array->[$n], $m, 2;
	    my $b = substr $remove->[$n], $m, 2;
	    $a .= " " if length $a == 1;
	    $b .= " " if length $b == 1;
	    substr($array->[$n], $m, 2) = "  " if $a eq $b;
	    $m += 2;
	}
    }
}

# Interpret a textual description of a section of the map. The
# interpreted map data is added to the map array passed as the first
# argument. The second and third arguments set the origin of the map
# section. The remaining arguments are the lines from the text file
# describing the map section. The return value is 1 if the
# interpretation is successful. If any part of the map sections cannot
# be understood, undef is returned and an error message is displayed.
#
sub parsemap($$$@)
{
    my $map = shift;
    my $y0 = shift;
    my $x0 = shift;
    return ::err "map extends below the 32nd row" if $y0 + @_ > 32;
    for (my $y = $y0 ; @_ ; ++$y) {
	my $row = shift;
	return ::err "map extends beyond the 32nd column"
	    if $x0 + length($row) / 2 > 32;
	for (my $x = $x0 ; length $row ; ++$x) {
	    my $cell = lookuptile substr $row, 0, 2;
	    return ::err "unrecognized tile at ($x $y)" unless defined $cell;
	    return unless defined $cell;
	    if (ref $cell) {
		if ($cell->[1] < 0) {
		    $map->[$y][$x] = [ $cell, 0x00 ];
		} else {
		    $map->[$y][$x] = $cell;
		}
	    } else {
		$map->[$y][$x] = [ $cell, 0x00 ];
	    }
	    substr($row, 0, 2) = "";
	}
    }
    return 1;
}

# Interpret a textual overlay section. The first argument is the
# level's hash ref. The second and third arguments set the origin of
# the overlay section. The remaining arguments are the lines from the
# text file describing the overlay. The return value is 1 if the
# interpretation is successful. If any part of the overlay section
# cannot be understood, undef is returned and an error message is
# displayed.
#
sub parsecon($$$@)
{
    my %symbols;
    my $data = shift;
    my $y0 = shift;
    my $x0 = shift;
    return ::err "overlay extends below the 32nd row" if $y0 + @_ > 32;
    for (my $y = $y0 ; @_ ; ++$y) {
	my $row = shift;
	return ::err "overlay extends beyond the 32nd column"
	    if $x0 + length($row) / 2 > 32;
	for (my $x = $x0 ; length $row ; ++$x) {
	    $_ = substr $row, 0, 1, "";
	    push @{$symbols{$_}}, [ $y, $x ] unless $_ eq " " || $_ eq "";
	    $_ = substr $row, 0, 1, "";
	    push @{$symbols{$_}}, [ $y, $x ] unless $_ eq " " || $_ eq "";
	}
    }

    foreach my $symbol (sort keys %symbols) {
	my $list = $symbols{$symbol};
	if (@$list == 1) {
	    my ($y, $x) = ($list->[0][0], $list->[0][1]);
	    my $cell = $data->{map}[$y][$x];
	    return ::err "no creature under \"$symbol\" at ($x $y)"
		unless defined $cell &&
			(::iscreature $cell->[0] || ::iscreature $cell->[1]);
	    push @{$data->{creatures}}, [ $y, $x ];
	} else {
	    my $linktype = undef;
	    my $to = undef;
	    my (@from, $type);
	    foreach my $pos (@$list) {
		my ($y, $x) = ($pos->[0], $pos->[1]);
		my $cell = $data->{map}[$y][$x];
		my $obj = $cell->[1] || $cell->[0];
		if ($obj == $tilenames{"red button"}) {
		    $type = "cloners";
		    push @from, [ $y, $x ];
		} elsif ($obj == $tilenames{"brown button"}) {
		    $type = "traps";
		    push @from, [ $y, $x ];
		} elsif ($obj == $tilenames{"clone machine"}) {
		    $type = "cloners";
		    return ::err "clone machine under \"$symbol\" at ($x $y) ",
				 "wired to non-button at ($to->[1] $to->[0])"
			if defined $to;
		    $to = [ $y, $x ];
		} elsif ($obj == $tilenames{"beartrap"}) {
		    $type = "traps";
		    return ::err "beartrap under \"$symbol\" at ($x $y) ",
				 "wired to non-button at ($to->[1] $to->[0])"
			if defined $to;
		    $to = [ $y, $x ];
		} else {
		    return ::err "no button/trap/clone machine ",
				 "under \"$symbol\" at ($x $y)";
		}
		$linktype ||= $type;
		return ::err "inconsistent connection ",
			     "under \"$symbol\" at ($x $y)"
		    unless $linktype eq $type;
	    }
	    push @{$data->{$linktype}},
		 map { { from => $_, to => $to } } @from;
	}
    }
    return 1;
}

# Interpret a tile definition. Given a line of text supplying the tile
# definition, the function returns an array ref. Each element in the
# array is a pair: the first element gives the character(s), and the
# second element supplies the tile(s). If the definition is ambiguous
# or invalid, undef is returned and an error message is displayed.
#
sub parsetiledef($)
{
    my $def = shift;
    $def =~ s/^(\S\S?)\t//
	or return ::err "syntax error in tile defintion \"$def\"";
    my $symbol = $1;
    $def = lc $def;
    $def =~ s/^\s+//;
    $def =~ s/\s+$//;

    if ($def =~ /^([^\+]*[^\+\s])\s*\+\s*([^\+\s][^\+]*)$/) {
	my ($def1, $def2) = ($1, $2);
	my ($tile1, $tile2);
	$tile1 = lookuptilename $def1;
	return unless defined $tile1;
	if (lc $def2 eq "pos") {
	    return ::err "ordered tile definition \"$symbol\" ",
			 "must be a single character"
		unless length($symbol) == 1;
	    $tile2 = -1;
	} else {
	    $tile2 = lookuptilename $def2;
	    return unless defined $tile2;
	}
	return [ [ $symbol, [ $tile1, $tile2 ] ] ];
    }

    my @defs;
    if (exists $partialnames{$def}) {
	return ::err "incomplete tile definition \"$symbol\" ",
		     "must be a single character"
	    unless length($symbol) == 1;
	foreach my $comp (keys %{$partialnames{$def}}) {
	    push @defs, [ $symbol . $partialnames{$def}{$comp},
			  $tilenames{$comp} ];
	}
	return \@defs;
    }

    my $tile = lookuptilename $def;
    return [ [ $symbol, $tile ] ] if defined $tile;
    return;
}

# Given a handle to a text file, read the introductory lines that
# precede the first level definition, if any, and return a hash ref
# for storing the level set. If an error occurs, undef is returned and
# an error message is displayed.
#
sub parseheader($)
{
    my $input = shift;
    my $data = { ruleset => "lynx" };
    my $slurpingdefs = undef;
    local $_;

    while (<$input>) {
	chomp;
	if (defined $slurpingdefs) {
	    if (/^\s*[Ee][Nn][Dd]\s*$/) {
		undef $slurpingdefs;
	    } else {
		my $def = parsetiledef $_;
		return unless $def;
		addtiledefs %globaltiles, @$def;
	    }
	    next;
	} elsif (/^\s*[Tt][Ii][Ll][Ee][Ss]\s*$/) {
	    $slurpingdefs = 1;
	    next;
	}

	last if /^%%%$/;
	next if /^\s*$/ || /^%/;

	/^\s*(\S+)\s+(\S(?:.*\S)?)\s*$/ or return ::err "syntax error";
	my ($name, $value) = ($1, $2);
	$name = lc $name;
	if ($name eq "ruleset") {
	    $value = lc $value;
	    return ::err "invalid ruleset \"$value\""
		unless $value =~ /^(lynx|ms)$/;
	    $data->{ruleset} = $value;
	} elsif ($name eq "maxlevel") {
	    return ::err "invalid maximum level \"$value\""
		unless $value =~ /\A\d+\Z/ && $value < 65536;
	    $data->{maxlevel} = $value;
	} else {
	    return ::err "invalid statement \"$name\"";
	}
    }

    return ::err "unclosed definition section" if $slurpingdefs;
    return $data;
}

# Given a handle to a text file, positioned at the start of a level
# description, parse the lines describing the level and return a hash
# ref containing the level data. If the end of the file is encountered
# before a level description is found, false is returned. If any
# errors are encountered, undef is returned and an error message is
# displayed.
#
sub parselevel($$$)
{
    my $input = shift;
    my $ruleset = shift;
    my $number = shift;
    my %data = (number => $number, leveltime => 0);
    my $seenanything = undef;
    my $slurpingdefs = undef;
    my $slurpingmap = undef;
    my @maptext;
    local $_;

    $data{passwd} = $origpasswords[$number - 1]
	if $number >= 1 && $number <= 150;

    for my $y (0 .. 31) {
	for my $x (0 .. 31) { $data{map}[$y][$x] = [ 0, 0 ] }
    }
    undef %localtiles;

    while (<$input>) {
	chomp;
	if (defined $slurpingdefs) {
	    if (/^\s*[Ee][Nn][Dd]\s*$/) {
		undef $slurpingdefs;
	    } else {
		my $def = parsetiledef $_;
		return unless $def;
		addtiledefs %localtiles, @$def;
	    }
	    next;
	} elsif (defined $slurpingmap) {
	    if (/^\s*([AEae])[Nn][Dd]\s*$/) {
		my $overlay = lc($1) eq "a";
		if ($slurpingmap->[2] >= 0) {
		    my @overlaytext = splice @maptext, $slurpingmap->[2];
		    return ::err "overlay section is taller than map section"
			if @overlaytext > @maptext;
		    subtracttext @overlaytext, @maptext;
		    return unless parsecon \%data,
					   $slurpingmap->[0],
					   $slurpingmap->[1],
					   @overlaytext;
		} else {
		    $slurpingmap->[2] = @maptext;
		    return unless parsemap $data{map},
					   $slurpingmap->[0],
					   $slurpingmap->[1],
					   @maptext;
		}
		unless ($overlay) {
		    undef $slurpingmap;
		    undef @maptext;
		}
	    } else {
		1 while s{^([^\t]*)\t}{$1 . (" " x (8 - length($1) % 8))}e;
		push @maptext, $_;
	    }
	    next;
	} elsif (/^\s*[Tt][Ii][Ll][Ee][Ss]\s*$/) {
	    $slurpingdefs = 1;
	    next;
	} elsif (/^\s*[Mm][Aa][Pp]\s*(?:(\d+)\s+(\d+)\s*)?$/) {
	    $slurpingmap = [ $2 || 0, $1 || 0, -1 ];
	    next;
	} elsif (/^\s*[Mm][Aa][Pp]/) {
	    return ::err "invalid syntax following \"map\"";
	} elsif (/^\s*[Tt][Rr][Aa][Pp][Ss]\s*$/) {
	    $data{traps} ||= [ ];
	    next;
	} elsif (/^\s*[Cc][Ll][Oo][Nn][Ee][Rr][Ss]\s*$/) {
	    $data{cloners} ||= [ ];
	    next;
	} elsif (/^\s*[Cc][Rr][Ee][Aa][Tt][Uu][Rr][Ee][Ss]\s*$/) {
	    $data{creatures} ||= [ ];
	    next;
	}

	last if /^%%%$/;
	next if /^\s*$/ || /^%/;

	$seenanything = 1;
	/^\s*(\S+)\s+(\S(?:.*\S)?)\s*$/ or return ::err "syntax error";
	my ($name, $value) = ($1, $2);
	$name = lc $name;
	if ($name eq "level") {
	    return ::err "invalid level number \"$value\""
		unless $value =~ /\A\d+\Z/ && $value < 65536;
	    $data{number} = $value;
	} elsif ($name eq "time") {
	    return ::err "invalid level time \"$value\""
		unless $value =~ /\A\d+\Z/ && $value < 65536;
	    $data{leveltime} = $value;
	} elsif ($name eq "chips") {
	    return ::err "invalid chip count \"$value\""
		unless $value =~ /\A\d+\Z/ && $value < 65536;
	    $data{chips} = $value;
	} elsif ($name eq "title" || $name eq "name") {
	    $value = ::unescape $value if $value =~ s/\A\"(.*)\"\Z/$1/;
	    $data{title} .= " " if defined $data{title};
	    $data{title} .= $value;
	} elsif ($name eq "password" || $name eq "passwd") {
	    return ::err "invalid password \"$value\""
		unless $value =~ /\A[A-Z][A-Z][A-Z][A-Z]\Z/;
	    $data{passwd} = $value;
	} elsif ($name eq "hint") {
	    $value = ::unescape $value if $value =~ s/\A\"(.*)\"\Z/$1/;
	    $data{hint} .= " " if defined $data{hint};
	    $data{hint} .= $value;
	} elsif ($name eq "traps") {
	    $data{traps} ||= [ ];
	    while ($value =~ s/\A\s* (\d+)\s+(\d+) \s*[-=]?>\s*
				     (\d+)\s+(\d+) (?:\s*[,;])?//x) {
		push @{$data{traps}}, { from => [ $2, $1 ],
					to => [ $4, $3 ] };
	    }
	    return ::err "syntax error in trap list at \"$value\""
		if $value && $value !~ /\A[,;]\Z/;
	} elsif ($name eq "cloners") {
	    $data{cloners} ||= [ ];
	    while ($value =~ s/\A\s* (\d+)\s+(\d+) \s*[-=]?>\s*
				     (\d+)\s+(\d+) (?:\s*[,;])?//x) {
		push @{$data{cloners}}, { from => [ $2, $1 ],
					  to => [ $4, $3 ] };
	    }
	    return ::err "syntax error in clone machine list at \"$value\""
		if $value && $value !~ /\A[,;]\Z/;
	} elsif ($name eq "creatures") {
	    $data{creatures} ||= [ ];
	    while ($value =~ s/\A\s* (\d+)\s+(\d+) (?:\s*[,;])?//x) {
		push @{$data{creatures}}, [ $2, $1 ];
	    }
	    return ::err "syntax error in creature list at \"$value\""
		if $value && $value !~ /\A[,;]\Z/;
	} elsif ($name eq "border") {
	    my $cell = lookuptile $value;
	    return unless defined $cell;
	    $cell = [ $cell, 0x00 ] unless ref $cell;
	    foreach my $y (0 .. 31) { $data{map}[$y][0]  = [ @$cell ] }
	    foreach my $y (0 .. 31) { $data{map}[$y][31] = [ @$cell ] }
	    foreach my $x (1 .. 30) { $data{map}[0][$x]  = [ @$cell ] }
	    foreach my $x (1 .. 30) { $data{map}[31][$x] = [ @$cell ] }
	} elsif ($name eq "field") {
	    return ::err "invalid field spec \"$value\""
		unless $value =~ /^(\d+)\s+(\d+(?:\s+\d+)*)$/;
	    my ($num, $data) = ($1, $2);
	    return ::err "multiple specs for field $num"
		if exists $data{fields}{$num};
	    $data{fields}{$num} = join "", map { chr } split " ", $data;
	} else {
	    return ::err "invalid command \"$name\"";
	}
    }
    return "" unless $seenanything;

    return ::err "unclosed defs section" if $slurpingdefs;
    return ::err "unclosed map section" if $slurpingmap;

    return ::err "missing level title" unless exists $data{title};
    return ::err "missing password" unless exists $data{passwd};
    return ::err "missing level map" unless exists $data{map};

    $data{chips} = getchipcount $data{map} unless exists $data{chips};
    $data{traps} ||= buildtraplist $data{map};
    $data{cloners} ||= buildclonerlist $data{map};
    $data{creatures} ||= buildcreaturelist $data{map}, $ruleset;
    $data{lynxcreatures} = ::makelynxcrlist $data{map}, $data{creatures};
    $data{fields} ||= { };

    return ::err "title too long (", length($data{title}), "); ",
		 "254 is the maximum length allowed"
	if length($data{title}) > 254;
    return ::err "hint too long (", length($data{hint}), "); ",
		 "254 is the maximum length allowed"
	if exists $data{hint} && length($data{hint}) > 254;
    return ::err "too many (", scalar(@{$data{traps}}), ") ",
		 "trap connections; 25 is the maximum allowed"
	if @{$data{traps}} > 25;
    return ::err "too many (", scalar(@{$data{cloners}}), ") ",
		 "clone machine connections; 31 is the maximum allowed"
	if @{$data{cloners}} > 31;
    return ::err "too many (", scalar(@{$data{creatures}}), ") ",
		 "creatures; 127 is the maximum allowed"
	if @{$data{creatures}} > 127;

    return \%data;
}

# This function takes a handle to a text file and returns a hash ref
# containing the described level set. If the file could not be
# completely translated, undef is returned and one or more error
# messages will be displayed.
#
sub read($)
{
    my $input = shift;
    my $data;

    $data = parseheader $input;
    return unless $data;

    my $lastnumber = 0;
    for (;;) {
	my $level = parselevel $input, $data->{ruleset}, $lastnumber + 1;
	return unless defined $level;
	last unless $level;
	$lastnumber = $level->{number};
	push @{$data->{levels}}, $level;
	last if eof $input;
    }

    $#{$data->{levels}} = $data->{maxlevel} - 1
	if exists $data->{maxlevel} && $data->{maxlevel} < @{$data->{levels}};

    return $data;
}

#
#
#

my %globalsymbols;
my %localsymbols;

$globalsymbols{"0"}[1] = " ";
$globalsymbols{"0"}[2] = "  ";
$globalsymbols{"0:0"}[1] = " ";
$globalsymbols{"0:0"}[2] = "  ";
foreach my $symbol (keys %tilesymbols) {
    my $key;
    if (ref $tilesymbols{$symbol}) {
	$key = "$tilesymbols{$symbol}[0]:$tilesymbols{$symbol}[1]";
    } else {
	$key = $tilesymbols{$symbol};
    }
    $globalsymbols{$key}[length $symbol] ||= $symbol;
}

my @symbollist;
my $newsym = -1;

sub printwrap($$$)
{
    my $output = shift;
    my $prefix = shift;
    my @segments = split /(\S\s\S)/, ::escape shift;

    push @segments, "" if @segments % 2 == 0;
    for (my $n = 1 ; $n < $#segments; ++$n) {
	$segments[$n - 1] .= substr($segments[$n], 0, 1);
	$segments[$n] = substr($segments[$n], 2, 1) . $segments[$n + 1];
	splice @segments, $n + 1, 1;
    }

    my $width = 75 - length $prefix;
    my $line = shift @segments;
    while (@segments) {
	if (!$line || length($line) + length($segments[0]) < $width) {
	    $line .= " " . shift @segments;
	} else {
	    $line = "\"$line\"" if $line =~ /\\/;
	    print $output "$prefix $line\n";
	    $line = shift @segments;
	}
    }
    $line = "\"$line\"" if $line =~ /\\/ || $line =~ /^\s/ || $line =~ /\s$/;
    print $output "$prefix $line\n";

    return 1;
}

sub printlist($$@)
{
    my $output = shift;
    my $prefix = shift;

    while (@_) {
	my $item = shift;
	local $_ = "$prefix $item";
	my $x = length $_;
	print $output $_ or return;
	while (@_) {
	    $x += 3 + length $_[0];
	    last if $x > 76;
	    $item = shift;
	    print $output " ; $item" or return;
	}
	print $output "\n" or return;
    }
    return 1;
}

sub tilesymbol($;$)
{
    my $tile = shift;
    my $max = shift || 2;

    return $globalsymbols{$tile}[$max] if defined $globalsymbols{$tile}[$max];
    return $globalsymbols{$tile}[1] if defined $globalsymbols{$tile}[1];
    return $localsymbols{$tile}[$max] if defined $localsymbols{$tile}[$max];
    return $localsymbols{$tile}[1] if defined $localsymbols{$tile}[1];
    return undef;
}

sub getnewsym() { shift @symbollist }

sub resetnewsyms()
{
    @symbollist = split //,
      "ABCDFGIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz012345789@*+.,'`-!";
}

sub cellsymbol($;$)
{
    my $top = shift;
    my $bot = shift || 0;
    my $tile;
    my $symbol;

    return "  " if $top == 0 && $bot == 0;

    $tile = $bot ? "$top:$bot" : $top;
    $symbol = tilesymbol $tile;
    if (defined $symbol) {
	$symbol = "$symbol " if length($symbol) == 1;
	return $symbol;
    }

    if ($bot) {
	if ($top == 0) {
	    $symbol = tilesymbol $bot, 1;
	    return " $symbol" if defined $symbol;
	} else {
	    my $st = tilesymbol $top, 1;
	    if (defined $st) {
		my $sb = tilesymbol $bot, 1;
		return "$st$sb" if defined $sb;
	    }
	}
    }

    $symbol = getnewsym;
    unless (defined $symbol) {
	::err "too many unique tile combinations required";
	$symbol = "\\";
    }
    $localsymbols{$tile}[length $symbol] = $symbol;

    $symbol = "$symbol " if length($symbol) == 1;
    return $symbol;
}

sub trimmap(\@)
{
    my $map = shift;
    my @xs = (0) x 32;
    my @ys = (0) x 32;

    my $count = 0;
    foreach my $y (0 .. 31) {
	foreach my $x (0 .. 31) {
	    next if $map->[$y][$x][0] == 0 && $map->[$y][$x][1] == 0;
	    ++$xs[$x];
	    ++$ys[$y];
	    ++$count;
	}
    }
    return (0, 0, 0, 0, 0) unless $count;

    my $border = 0;
    if ($map->[0][0][0] != 0 && $map->[0][0][1] == 0) {
	my $tile = $map->[0][0][0];
	foreach my $n (1 .. 31) {
	    goto noborder unless $map->[$n][0][0] == $tile
			      && $map->[$n][31][0] == $tile
			      && $map->[0][$n][0] == $tile
			      && $map->[31][$n][0] == $tile
			      && $map->[$n][0][1] == 0
			      && $map->[$n][31][1] == 0
			      && $map->[0][$n][1] == 0
			      && $map->[31][$n][1] == 0;
	}
	$border = $tile;
	$xs[0] = $xs[31] = $ys[0] = $ys[31] = 0;
      noborder:
    }

    my ($left, $right, $top, $bottom) = (-1, 32, -1, 32);
    1 until $xs[++$left];
    1 until $xs[--$right];
    1 until $ys[++$top];
    1 until $ys[--$bottom];

    return 0, 31, 0, 31, 0 if $border && $left == 1 && $right == 30
				      && $top == 1 && $bottom == 30;

    return ($left, $right, $top, $bottom, $border);
}

sub writeheader($\%)
{
    my $output = shift;
    my $data = shift;

	print $output "ruleset $data->{ruleset}\n"
    and print $output "\n%%%\n";
}

sub writelevelheader($\%)
{
    my $output = shift;
    my $level = shift;

    printwrap $output, "title  ", $level->{title} or return;
    print $output "passwd  $level->{passwd}\n" or return;
    print $output "chips   $level->{chips}\n" or return
	if exists $level->{chips} && $level->{chips};
    print $output "time    $level->{leveltime}\n" or return
	if exists $level->{leveltime} && $level->{leveltime};
    printwrap $output, "hint   ", $level->{hint} or return
	if exists $level->{hint};
    print $output "\n";
}

sub writelevelmap($\@)
{
    my $output = shift;
    my $map = shift;
    my (@tiletext, @maptext);

    undef %localsymbols;
    resetnewsyms;

    my ($left, $right, $top, $bottom, $border) = trimmap @$map;

    $border = cellsymbol $border if $border;
    foreach my $y ($top .. $bottom) {
	my $mapline = "";
	foreach my $x ($left .. $right) {
	    $mapline .= cellsymbol $map->[$y][$x][0], $map->[$y][$x][1];
	}
	$mapline =~ s/\s+$//;
	push @maptext, "$mapline\n";
    }

    foreach my $tiles (keys %localsymbols) {
	foreach my $tile (@{$localsymbols{$tiles}}) {
	    next unless defined $tile;
	    my $line = "$tile\t";
	    if ($tiles =~ /^(\d+):(\d+)$/) {
		my ($top, $bot) = ($1, $2);
		$line .= "$tilenames[$top] + $tilenames[$bot]\n";
	    } else {
		$line .= "$tilenames[$tiles]\n";
	    }
	    push @tiletext, $line;
	}
    }
    @tiletext = sort @tiletext;

    print $output "tiles\n", @tiletext, "end\n\n" or return if @tiletext;
    print $output "border $border\n\n" or return if $border;

    print $output ($left || $top ? "map $left $top\n" : "map\n"),
		  @maptext,
		  "end\n\n"
	or return;
}

sub writelevelcloners($\%)
{
    my $output = shift;
    my $level = shift;
    my $n;

    my $default = txtfile::buildclonerlist $level->{map};
    if (!defined $level->{cloners}) {
	return print $output "cloners\n\n" if @$default;
	return 1;
    }
    $n = 0;
    if (@$default == @{$level->{cloners}}) {
	for ($n = 0 ; $n < @$default ; ++$n) {
	    last if $default->[$n]{from}[0] != $level->{cloners}[$n]{from}[0]
		 || $default->[$n]{from}[1] != $level->{cloners}[$n]{from}[1]
		 || $default->[$n]{to}[0] != $level->{cloners}[$n]{to}[0]
		 || $default->[$n]{to}[1] != $level->{cloners}[$n]{to}[1];
	}
    }
    return 1 if $n == @$default;

    printlist $output, "cloners",
	      map { "$_->{from}[1] $_->{from}[0] -> $_->{to}[1] $_->{to}[0]" }
		  @{$level->{cloners}}
	or return;
    print $output "\n";
}

sub writeleveltraps($\%)
{
    my $output = shift;
    my $level = shift;
    my $n;

    my $default = txtfile::buildtraplist $level->{map};
    if (!defined $level->{traps}) {
	return print $output "traps\n\n" if @$default;
	return 1;
    }
    $n = 0;
    if (@$default == @{$level->{traps}}) {
	for ($n = 0 ; $n < @$default ; ++$n) {
	    last if $default->[$n]{from}[0] != $level->{traps}[$n]{from}[0]
		 || $default->[$n]{from}[1] != $level->{traps}[$n]{from}[1]
		 || $default->[$n]{to}[0] != $level->{traps}[$n]{to}[0]
		 || $default->[$n]{to}[1] != $level->{traps}[$n]{to}[1];
	}
    }
    return 1 if $n == @$default;

    printlist $output, "traps",
	      map { "$_->{from}[1] $_->{from}[0] -> $_->{to}[1] $_->{to}[0]" }
		  @{$level->{traps}}
	or return;
    print $output "\n";
}

sub writelevelcrlist($\%$)
{
    my $output = shift;
    my $level = shift;
    my $ruleset = shift;
    my $n;

    my $default = txtfile::buildcreaturelist $level->{map}, $ruleset;
    if (!defined $level->{creatures}) {
	return print $output "creatures\n\n" if @$default;
	return 1;
    }

    $n = 0;
    if (@$default == @{$level->{creatures}}) {
	for ($n = 0 ; $n < @$default ; ++$n) {
	    last if $default->[$n][0] != $level->{creatures}[$n][0]
		 || $default->[$n][1] != $level->{creatures}[$n][1];
	}
    }
    return 1 if $n == @$default;

    printlist $output, "creatures",
	      map { "$_->[1] $_->[0]" } @{$level->{creatures}}
	or return;
    print $output "\n";
}

sub writelevel($\%$)
{
    my $output = shift;
    my $level = shift;
    my $ruleset = shift;

    writelevelheader $output, %$level or return;
    writelevelmap $output, @{$level->{map}} or return;
    writeleveltraps $output, %$level or return;
    writelevelcloners $output, %$level or return;
    writelevelcrlist $output, %$level, $ruleset or return;

    print $output "%%%\n";
}

sub write($$)
{
    my $output = shift;
    my $data = shift;

    $globalsymbols{$tilenames{"block north"}} =
			[ @{$globalsymbols{$tilenames{"block"}}} ]
	if $data->{ruleset} eq "lynx";

    writeheader $output, %$data or return;

    my $lastnumber = 0;
    foreach my $level (@{$data->{levels}}) {
	$filelevel = $level->{number};
	++$lastnumber;
	print $output "\n" or return;
	print $output "level $level->{number}\n" or return
	    unless $level->{number} == $lastnumber;
	writelevel $output, %$level, $data->{ruleset} or return;
	$lastnumber = $level->{number};
    }

    return 1;
}

#
#
#

package datfile;

# Given a string of run-length encoded data, return the original
# uncompressed string.
#
sub rleuncompress($)
{
    local $_ = shift;
    1 while s/\xFF(.)(.)/$2 x ord$1/se;
    return $_;
}

sub parseheader($)
{
    my $input = shift;
    my %data;

    my ($sig, $maxlevel) = ::fileread $input, "Vv" or return;
    if ($sig == 0x0002AAAC) {
	$data{ruleset} = "ms";
    } elsif ($sig == 0x0102AAAC) {
	$data{ruleset} = "lynx";
    } else {
	return ::err "not a valid data file";
    }
    return ::err "file contains no maps" if $maxlevel <= 0;
    $data{maxlevel} = $maxlevel;

    return \%data;
}

sub parselevelmap($$)
{
    my $layer1 = shift;
    my $layer2 = shift;
    my @map;
    if (length($layer1) > 1024) {
	::err "warning: excess data in top layer of map";
	substr($layer1, 1024) = "";
    }
    if (length($layer2) > 1024) {
	::err "warning: excess data in bottom layer of map";
	substr($layer2, 1024) = "";
    }
    return ::err "invalid map in data file"
	unless length($layer1) == 1024 && length($layer2) == 1024;
    foreach my $y (0 .. 31) {
	foreach my $x (0 .. 31) {
	    $map[$y][$x][0] = ord substr $layer1, 0, 1, "";
	    $map[$y][$x][1] = ord substr $layer2, 0, 1, "";
	}
    }
    return \@map;
}

sub parselevel($)
{
    my $input = shift;
    my %level;
    my ($fieldnum, $fieldsize, $data);

    my $levelsize = "";
    return ::err $! unless defined sysread $input, $levelsize, 2;
    return "" unless length($levelsize) == 2;
    $levelsize = unpack "v", $levelsize;
    return ::err "invalid metadata in file (only $levelsize bytes in level)"
	unless $levelsize > 8;

    @level{qw(number leveltime chips)} = ::fileread $input, "vvv", $levelsize
	or return;

    ($fieldnum, $fieldsize) = ::fileread $input, "vv", $levelsize,
					 1, 1, 0, 1024
	or return;
    my $layer1 = ::fileread $input, "a$fieldsize", $levelsize or return;
    $fieldsize = ::fileread $input, "v", $levelsize, 0, 1024 or return;
    my $layer2 = ::fileread $input, "a$fieldsize", $levelsize or return;
    ::fileread $input, "v", $levelsize or return;
    $level{map} = parselevelmap rleuncompress $layer1, rleuncompress $layer2
	or return;

    while ($levelsize > 0) {
	($fieldnum, $fieldsize) = ::fileread $input, "CC", $levelsize, 1, 10
	    or last;
	$data = ::fileread $input, "a$fieldsize", $levelsize or return;
	if ($fieldnum == 1) {
	    return ::err "invalid field" unless $fieldsize > 1;
	    $level{leveltime} = unpack "v", $data;
	    return ::err "invalid data in field 1"
		unless $level{leveltime} >= 0 && $level{leveltime} <= 65535;
	} elsif ($fieldnum == 2) {
	    return ::err "invalid field" unless $fieldsize > 1;
	    $level{chips} = unpack "v", $data;
	    return ::err "invalid data in field 2"
		unless $level{chips} >= 0 && $level{chips} <= 65535;
	} elsif ($fieldnum == 3) {
	    ($level{title} = $data) =~ s/\0\Z//;
	} elsif ($fieldnum == 4) {
	    $fieldsize /= 2;
	    my @values = unpack "v$fieldsize", $data;
	    for (my $i = 0 ; $i < $fieldsize / 5 ; ++$i) {
		$level{traps}[$i]{from}[1] = shift @values;
		$level{traps}[$i]{from}[0] = shift @values;
		$level{traps}[$i]{to}[1] = shift @values;
		$level{traps}[$i]{to}[0] = shift @values;
		shift @values;
	    }
	} elsif ($fieldnum == 5) {
	    $fieldsize /= 2;
	    my @values = unpack "v$fieldsize", $data;
	    for (my $i = 0 ; $i < $fieldsize / 4 ; ++$i) {
		$level{cloners}[$i]{from}[1] = shift @values;
		$level{cloners}[$i]{from}[0] = shift @values;
		$level{cloners}[$i]{to}[1] = shift @values;
		$level{cloners}[$i]{to}[0] = shift @values;
	    }
	} elsif ($fieldnum == 6) {
	    ($level{passwd} = $data) =~ s/\0\Z//;
	    $level{passwd} ^= "\x99" x length $level{passwd};
	} elsif ($fieldnum == 7) {
	    ($level{hint} = $data) =~ s/\0\Z//;
	} elsif ($fieldnum == 8) {
	    ::err "field 8 not yet supported; ignoring";
	} elsif ($fieldnum == 9) {
	    ::err "ignoring useless field 9 entry";
	} elsif ($fieldnum == 10) {
	    my @values = unpack "C$fieldsize", $data;
	    for (my $i = 0 ; $i < $fieldsize / 2 ; ++$i) {
		$level{creatures}[$i][1] = shift @values;
		$level{creatures}[$i][0] = shift @values;
	    }
	}
    }
    return ::err "$levelsize bytes left over at end" if $levelsize;

    $level{lynxcreatures} = ::makelynxcrlist $level{map}, $level{creatures};

    return \%level;
}

sub read($)
{
    my $input = shift;
    my $data;

    $data = parseheader $input;
    return unless $data;

    for (;;) {
	my $level = parselevel $input;
	return unless defined $level;
	last unless $level;
	push @{$data->{levels}}, $level;
    }

    ::err "warning: number of levels incorrect in header ($data->{maxlevel}, ",
		"should be ", scalar(@{$data->{levels}}), ")"
	unless $data->{maxlevel} == @{$data->{levels}};

    return $data;
}

#
#
#

# Given a string of packed data, return a string containing the same
# data run-length encoded.
#
sub rlecompress($)
{
    my $in = shift;
    my $out = "";

    while (length $in) {
	my $byte = substr $in, 0, 1;
	my $n = 1;
	++$n while $n < length $in && $byte eq substr $in, $n, 1;
	substr($in, 0, $n) = "";
	while ($n >= 255) { $out .= "\xFF\xFF$byte"; $n -= 255; }
	if ($n > 3) {
	    $out .= "\xFF" . chr($n) . $byte;
	} elsif ($n) {
	    $out .= $byte x $n;
	}
    }
    return $out;
}

# Given a level set definition, return the pack arguments for creating
# the .dat file's header data.
#
sub mkdatfileheader(\%)
{
    my $data = shift;
    my @fields;

    if ($data->{ruleset} eq "ms") {
	push @fields, 0x0002AAAC;
    } else {
	push @fields, 0x0102AAAC;
    }
    push @fields, scalar @{$data->{levels}};
    return ("Vv", @fields);
}

# Given a level definition, return the pack arguments for creating the
# level's header data in the .dat file.
#
sub mkdatfilelevelheader(\%)
{
    my $data = shift;
    my @fields;

    push @fields, $data->{number};
    push @fields, $data->{leveltime};
    push @fields, $data->{chips};
    return ("vvv", @fields);
}

# Given a level definition, return the pack arguments for creating the
# level's map data in the .dat file.
# 
sub mkdatfilelevelmap(\%)
{
    my $data = shift;
    my $map = $data->{map};
    my ($layer1, $layer2);
    my @fields;

    for my $y (0 .. 31) {
	for my $x (0 .. 31) {
	    if (defined $map->[$y][$x]) {
		if (defined $map->[$y][$x][0]) {
		    $layer1 .= chr $map->[$y][$x][0];
		} else {
		    $layer1 .= "\0";
		}
		if (defined $map->[$y][$x][1]) {
		    $layer2 .= chr $map->[$y][$x][1];
		} else {
		    $layer2 .= "\0";
		}
	    } else {
		$layer1 .= "\0";
		$layer2 .= "\0";
	    }
	}
    }

    $layer1 = rlecompress $layer1;
    $layer2 = rlecompress $layer2;

    push @fields, 1;
    push @fields, length $layer1;
    push @fields, $layer1;
    push @fields, length $layer2;
    push @fields, $layer2;

    return ("vva$fields[1]va$fields[3]", @fields);
}

# Given a level definition, return the pack arguments for creating the
# level's title field in the .dat file.
#
sub mkdatfileleveltitle(\%)
{
    my $data = shift;
    my $n = length($data->{title}) + 1;
    return ("CCa$n", 3, $n, $data->{title});
}

# Given a level definition, return the pack arguments for creating the
# level's hint field in the .dat file.
#
sub mkdatfilelevelhint(\%)
{
    my $data = shift;
    return ("") unless exists $data->{hint};
    my $n = length($data->{hint}) + 1;
    return ("CCa$n", 7, $n, $data->{hint});
}

# Given a level definition, return the pack arguments for creating the
# level's password field in the .dat file.
#
sub mkdatfilelevelpasswd(\%)
{
    my $data = shift;
    my $n = length($data->{passwd}) + 1;
    return ("CCa$n", 6, $n, $data->{passwd} ^ "\x99\x99\x99\x99");
}

# Given a level definition, return the pack arguments for creating the
# level's bear trap list field in the .dat file.
#
sub mkdatfileleveltraps(\%)
{
    my $data = shift;

    return ("") unless exists $data->{traps};
    my $list = $data->{traps};
    my $n = @$list;
    return ("") unless $n;
    my @fields;

    push @fields, 4;
    push @fields, $n * 10;
    foreach my $i (0 .. $#$list) {
	push @fields, $list->[$i]{from}[1], $list->[$i]{from}[0];
	push @fields, $list->[$i]{to}[1], $list->[$i]{to}[0];
	push @fields, 0;
    }
    return (("CCv" . ($n * 5)), @fields);
}

# Given a level definition, return the pack arguments for creating the
# level's clone machine list field in the .dat file.
#
sub mkdatfilelevelcloners(\%)
{
    my $data = shift;

    return ("") unless exists $data->{cloners};
    my $list = $data->{cloners};
    my $n = @$list;
    return ("") unless $n;
    my @fields;

    push @fields, 5;
    push @fields, $n * 8;
    foreach my $i (0 .. $#$list) {
	push @fields, $list->[$i]{from}[1], $list->[$i]{from}[0];
	push @fields, $list->[$i]{to}[1], $list->[$i]{to}[0];
    }
    return (("CCv" . ($n * 4)), @fields);
}

# Given a level definition, return the pack arguments for creating the
# level's creature list field in the .dat file.
#
sub mkdatfilelevelcrlist(\%)
{
    my $data = shift;

    return ("") unless exists $data->{creatures};
    my $list = $data->{creatures};
    return ("") unless $list && @$list;
    my $n = @$list;
    my @fields;

    push @fields, 10;
    push @fields, $n * 2;
    foreach my $i (0 .. $#$list) {
	push @fields, $list->[$i][1], $list->[$i][0];
    }
    return (("CCC" . ($n * 2)), @fields);
}

# Given a level definition, return the pack arguments for creating the
# level's miscellaneous fields, if any, in the .dat file.
#
sub mkdatfilelevelmisc(\%)
{
    my $data = shift;
    my ($template, @fields) = ("");

    return ("") unless exists $data->{fields};
    foreach my $num (keys %{$data->{fields}}) {
	my $n = length($data->{fields}{$num});
	$template .= "CCa$n";
	push @fields, $num, $n, $data->{fields}{$num};
    }
    return ($template, @fields);
}

# Given a level definition, return the pack arguments for creating the
# level in the .dat file.
#
sub mkdatfilelevel(\%)
{
    my $data = shift;
    my ($template, @fields);
    my @p;

    @p = mkdatfilelevelheader %$data;  $template .= shift @p; push @fields, @p;
    @p = mkdatfilelevelmap %$data;     $template .= shift @p; push @fields, @p;

    my $data2pos = @fields;            $template .= "v";      push @fields, 0;
    my $tmplt2pos = length $template;

    @p = mkdatfileleveltitle %$data;   $template .= shift @p; push @fields, @p;
    @p = mkdatfilelevelhint %$data;    $template .= shift @p; push @fields, @p;
    @p = mkdatfilelevelpasswd %$data;  $template .= shift @p; push @fields, @p;
    @p = mkdatfileleveltraps %$data;   $template .= shift @p; push @fields, @p;
    @p = mkdatfilelevelcloners %$data; $template .= shift @p; push @fields, @p;
    @p = mkdatfilelevelcrlist %$data;  $template .= shift @p; push @fields, @p;
    @p = mkdatfilelevelmisc %$data;    $template .= shift @p; push @fields, @p;

    $fields[$data2pos] = ::packlen substr $template, $tmplt2pos;

    unshift @fields, ::packlen $template;
    $template = "v$template";

    return ($template, @fields);
}

# Given a level set definition, return the pack arguments for creating
# the .dat file.
#
sub mkdatfile(\%)
{
    my $data = shift;
    my ($template, @fields);
    my @p;

    @p = mkdatfileheader %$data;
    $template = shift @p;
    @fields = @p;

    foreach my $level (@{$data->{levels}}) {
	$filelevel = $level->{number};
	@p = mkdatfilelevel %$level;
	$template .= shift @p;
	push @fields, @p;
    }

    return ($template, @fields);
}

# This function takes a handle to a binary file and a hash ref
# defining a level set, and writes the level set to the binary file as
# a .dat file. The return value is false if the file's contents could
# not be completely created; otherwise a true value is returned.
#
sub write($$)
{
    my $file = shift;
    my $data = shift;

    my @args = mkdatfile %$data;
    my $template = shift @args;
    print $file pack $template, @args;
}

#
#
#

package lynxfmt;

my @objectkey = ($tilenames{"empty"},
		 $tilenames{"wall"},
		 $tilenames{"ice"},
		 $tilenames{"dirt"},
		 $tilenames{"blue block floor"},
		 $tilenames{"force north"},
		 $tilenames{"force east"},
		 $tilenames{"force south"},
		 $tilenames{"force west"},
		 $tilenames{"force any"},
		 $tilenames{"ice corner se"},
		 $tilenames{"ice corner sw"},
		 $tilenames{"ice corner nw"},
		 $tilenames{"ice corner ne"},
		 $tilenames{"teleport"},
		 $tilenames{"ice boots"},
		 $tilenames{"fire boots"},
		 $tilenames{"force boots"},
		 $tilenames{"water boots"},
		 $tilenames{"fire"},
		 $tilenames{"water"},
		 $tilenames{"thief"},
		 $tilenames{"popup wall"},
		 $tilenames{"toggle open"},
		 $tilenames{"toggle closed"},
		 $tilenames{"green button"},
		 $tilenames{"red door"},
		 $tilenames{"blue door"},
		 $tilenames{"yellow door"},
		 $tilenames{"green door"},
		 $tilenames{"red key"},
		 $tilenames{"blue key"},
		 $tilenames{"yellow key"},
		 $tilenames{"green key"},
		 $tilenames{"blue button"},
		 $tilenames{"computer chip"},	# counted
		 $tilenames{"socket"},
		 $tilenames{"exit"},
		 $tilenames{"invisible wall temporary"},
		 $tilenames{"invisible wall permanent"},
		 $tilenames{"gravel"},
		 $tilenames{"wall east"},
		 $tilenames{"wall south"},
		 $tilenames{"wall southeast"},
		 $tilenames{"bomb"},
		 $tilenames{"bear trap"},
		 $tilenames{"brown button"},
		 $tilenames{"clone machine"},
		 $tilenames{"red button"},
		 $tilenames{"computer chip"},	# uncounted
		 $tilenames{"blue block wall"},
		 $tilenames{"hint button"});

my @creaturekey = (0, 0, 0, 0,
		   $tilenames{"chip north"},	  $tilenames{"chip east"},
		   $tilenames{"chip south"},	  $tilenames{"chip west"},
		   $tilenames{"bug north"},	  $tilenames{"bug east"},
		   $tilenames{"bug south"},	  $tilenames{"bug west"},
		   $tilenames{"centipede north"}, $tilenames{"centipede east"},
		   $tilenames{"centipede south"}, $tilenames{"centipede west"},
		   $tilenames{"fireball north"},  $tilenames{"fireball east"},
		   $tilenames{"fireball south"},  $tilenames{"fireball west"},
		   $tilenames{"glider north"},	  $tilenames{"glider east"},
		   $tilenames{"glider south"},	  $tilenames{"glider west"},
		   $tilenames{"ball north"},	  $tilenames{"ball east"},
		   $tilenames{"ball south"},	  $tilenames{"ball west"},
		   $tilenames{"block north"},	  $tilenames{"block east"},
		   $tilenames{"block south"},	  $tilenames{"block west"},
		   $tilenames{"tank north"},	  $tilenames{"tank east"},
		   $tilenames{"tank south"},	  $tilenames{"tank west"},
		   $tilenames{"walker north"},	  $tilenames{"walker east"},
		   $tilenames{"walker south"},	  $tilenames{"walker west"},
		   $tilenames{"blob north"},	  $tilenames{"blob east"},
		   $tilenames{"blob south"},	  $tilenames{"blob west"},
		   $tilenames{"teeth north"},	  $tilenames{"teeth east"},
		   $tilenames{"teeth south"},	  $tilenames{"teeth west"});

my @textkey = 
    ("\n"," ","0","1","2","3","4","5","6","7","8","9","A","B","C","D",
      "E","F","G","H","I","J","K","L","M","N","O","P","Q","R","S","T",
      "U","V","W","X","Y","Z","!",'"',"'","(",")",",","-",".",":",";",
      "?", (("%") x 207));

my @levelfilenames = @{
    [qw(lesson_1.pak	lesson_2.pak	lesson_3.pak	lesson_4.pak
	lesson_5.pak	lesson_6.pak	lesson_7.pak	lesson_8.pak
	nuts_and.pak	brushfir.pak	trinity.pak	hunt.pak
	southpol.pak	telebloc.pak	elementa.pak	cellbloc.pak
	nice_day.pak	castle_m.pak	digger.pak	tossed_s.pak
	iceberg.pak	forced_e.pak	blobnet.pak	oorto_ge.pak
	blink.pak	chchchip.pak	go_with_.pak	ping_pon.pak
	arcticfl.pak	mishmesh.pak	knot.pak	scavenge.pak
	on_the_r.pak	cypher.pak	lemmings.pak	ladder.pak
	seeing_s.pak	sampler.pak	glut.pak	floorgas.pak
	i.pak		beware_o.pak	lock_blo.pak	refracti.pak
	monster_.pak	three_do.pak	pier_sev.pak	mugger_s.pak
	problems.pak	digdirt.pak	i_slide.pak	the_last.pak
	traffic_.pak	grail.pak	potpourr.pak	deepfree.pak
	mulligan.pak	loop_aro.pak	hidden_d.pak	scoundre.pak
	rink.pak	slo_mo.pak	block_fa.pak	spooks.pak
	amsterda.pak	victim.pak	chipmine.pak	eeny_min.pak
	bounce_c.pak	nightmar.pak	corridor.pak	reverse_.pak
	morton.pak	playtime.pak	steam.pak	four_ple.pak
	invincib.pak	force_sq.pak	drawn_an.pak	vanishin.pak
	writers_.pak	socialis.pak	up_the_b.pak	wars.pak
	telenet.pak	suicide.pak	citybloc.pak	spirals.pak
	block.pak	playhous.pak	jumping_.pak	vortex.pak
	roadsign.pak	now_you_.pak	four_squ.pak	paranoia.pak
	metastab.pak	shrinkin.pak	catacomb.pak	colony.pak
	apartmen.pak	icehouse.pak	memory.pak	jailer.pak
	short_ci.pak	kablam.pak	balls_o_.pak	block_ou.pak
	torturec.pak	chiller.pak	time_lap.pak	fortune_.pak
	open_que.pak	deceptio.pak	oversea_.pak	block_ii.pak
	the_mars.pak	miss_dir.pak	slide_st.pak	alphabet.pak
	perfect_.pak	t_fair.pak	the_pris.pak	firetrap.pak
	mixed_nu.pak	block_n_.pak	skelzie.pak	all_full.pak
	lobster_.pak	ice_cube.pak	totally_.pak	mix_up.pak
	blobdanc.pak	pain.pak	trust_me.pak	doublema.pak
	goldkey.pak	partial_.pak	yorkhous.pak	icedeath.pak
	undergro.pak	pentagra.pak	stripes.pak	fireflie.pak
	level145.pak	cake_wal.pak	force_fi.pak	mind_blo.pak
	special.pak	level150.pak)]
};

my (%objectkey, %creaturekey, %textkey);
for (0 .. $#objectkey) { $objectkey{$objectkey[$_]} = $_ }
for (0 .. $#creaturekey) { $creaturekey{$creaturekey[$_]} = $_ }
$creaturekey{$tilenames{"block"}} = $creaturekey{$tilenames{"block north"}};
for (0 .. $#textkey) { $textkey{$textkey[$_]} = chr $_ }

#
#
#

sub longestmatch($$$)
{
    my $dictionary = shift;
    my $data = shift;
    my $pos = shift;

    my ($longest, $longestlen) = ("", 0);
    foreach my $entry (@$dictionary) {
	my $len = length $entry->{text};
	if ($len > $longestlen && $entry->{text} eq substr $data, $pos, $len) {
	    ($longest, $longestlen) = ($entry, $len);
	}
    }
    return $longest;
}

sub builddict($)
{
    my $data = shift;
    my $dictionary = [ ];

    my $pos = 0;
    while ($pos < length $data) {
	my $entry = { refcount => 0 };
	my ($match, $len);
	$match = longestmatch $dictionary, $data, $pos;
	if ($match) {
	    $entry->{left} = $match;
	    $len = length $match->{text};
	} else {
	    $len = 1;
	}
	$entry->{text} = substr $data, $pos, $len;
	$pos += $len;
	last if $pos >= length $data;
	$match = longestmatch $dictionary, $data, $pos;
	if ($match) {
	    $entry->{right} = $match;
	    $len = length $match->{text};
	} else {
	    $len = 1;
	}
	$entry->{text} .= substr $data, $pos, $len;
	$pos += $len;
	push @$dictionary, $entry;
    }

    return $dictionary;
}

sub refcountadd($$);
sub refcountadd($$)
{
    my $entry = shift;
    $entry->{refcount} += shift;
    refcountadd $entry->{left}, $entry->{refcount} if exists $entry->{left};
    refcountadd $entry->{right}, $entry->{refcount} if exists $entry->{right};
}

sub countuses($$)
{
    my $dictionary = shift;
    my $data = shift;

    my $pos = 0;
    while ($pos < length $data) {
	my $entry = longestmatch $dictionary, $data, $pos;
	if ($entry) {
	    ++$entry->{refcount};
	    $pos += length $entry->{text};
	} else {
	    ++$pos;
	}
    }
    foreach my $entry (@$dictionary) { refcountadd $entry, 0 }
}

sub assignkeys($$)
{
    my $dictionary = shift;
    my $data = shift;
    my @used;

    while ($data =~ /(.)/gs) { $used[ord $1] = 1 }
    my $n = 0;
    foreach my $entry (@$dictionary) {
	++$n while $used[$n];
	die "too many dictionary entries; not enough keys" if $n >= 256;
	$entry->{key} = chr $n;
	$used[$n] = 1;
    }
}

sub composedict($)
{
    my $dictionary = shift;
    my ($out, $len) = ("", 0);

    foreach my $entry (@$dictionary) {
	$out .= $entry->{key};
	if (exists $entry->{left}) {
	    $out .= $entry->{left}{key};
	} else {
	    $out .= substr $entry->{text}, 0, 1;
	}
	if (exists $entry->{right}) {
	    $out .= $entry->{right}{key};
	} else {
	    $out .= substr $entry->{text}, -1;
	}
	++$len;
    }

    return ($out, $len);
}

sub composedata($$)
{
    my $dictionary = shift;
    my $data = shift;
    my ($out, $len) = ("", 0);

    my $pos = 0;
    while ($pos < length $data) {
	my $entry = longestmatch $dictionary, $data, $pos;
	if ($entry) {
	    $out .= $entry->{key};
	    $pos += length $entry->{text};
	} else {
	    $out .= substr $data, $pos, 1;
	    ++$pos;
	}
	++$len;
    }

    return ($out, $len);
}

sub compress($)
{
    my $data = shift;
    my $dictionary = builddict $data;
    countuses $dictionary, $data;
    $dictionary = [ grep { $_->{refcount} > 3 } @$dictionary ];
    assignkeys $dictionary, $data;
    my ($cdict, $dictlen) = composedict $dictionary;
    my ($cdata, $datalen) = composedata $dictionary, $data;
    return pack("vv", $dictlen, $datalen) . $cdict . $cdata;
}

sub expand($)
{
    my $data = shift;

    my $tablesize = unpack "v", substr $data, 0, 2, "";
    my $datasize = unpack "v", substr $data, 0, 2, "";

    my @data = map { ord } split //, $data;
    my @table;

    for (my $n = 0 ; $n < $tablesize ; ++$n) {
	return ::err "@{[$tablesize - $n]} entries missing"
	    unless @data;
	my $key = shift @data;
	my $val1 = shift @data;
	my $val2 = shift @data;
	if (defined $table[$val1]) {
	    $val1 = $table[$val1];
	} else {
	    $val1 = chr $val1;
	}
	if (defined $table[$val2]) {
	    $val2 = $table[$val2];
	} else {
	    $val2 = chr $val2;
	}
	$table[$key] = "$val1$val2";
    }

    $data = "";
    foreach my $byte (@data) {
	if (defined $table[$byte]) {
	    $data .= $table[$byte];
	} else {
	    $data .= chr $byte;
	}
    }

    return $data;
}

sub parsemap($$)
{
    my $level = shift;
    my @data = map { ord } split //, shift;

    return ::err "@{[1024 - @data]} bytes missing from map data"
	unless @data == 1024;
    $level->{chips} = 0;
    foreach my $y (0 .. 31) {
	foreach my $x (0 .. 31) {
	    my $obj = shift @data;
	    ::err "undefined object $obj at ($x $y)"
		unless defined $objectkey[$obj];
	    $level->{map}[$y][$x][0] = $objectkey[$obj];
	    $level->{map}[$y][$x][1] = 0;
	    ++$level->{chips} if $obj == 0x23;
	}
    }

    return 1;
}

sub parsecrlist($$)
{
    my $level = shift;
    my $data = shift;

    my @t = map { ord } split //, substr $data, 0, 128, "";
    my @x = map { ord } split //, substr $data, 0, 128, "";
    my @y = map { ord } split //, substr $data, 0, 128, "";

    foreach my $n (0 .. 127) {
	next unless $t[$n];
	my $x = $x[$n] >> 3;
	my $y = $y[$n] >> 3;
	my $t = $creaturekey[$t[$n] & 0x7F];
	push @{$level->{creatures}}, [ $y, $x ]; # unless $t[$n] & 0x80;
	$level->{map}[$y][$x][1] = $level->{map}[$y][$x][0];
	$level->{map}[$y][$x][0] = $t;
    }

    return 1;
}

sub parselevel($)
{
    my $data = shift;
    my $level = { };

    $data = expand $data or return ::err "invalid data";

    local $_;
    $_ = substr $data, 0, 1024, "";
    parsemap $level, $_
	or return ::err "invalid map";
    $_ = substr $data, 0, 384, "";
    parsecrlist $level, $_
	or return ::err "invalid creature list";
    $level->{creatures} = ::makedatcrlist $level->{map},
					  $level->{lynxcreatures};
    $level->{traps} = txtfile::buildtraplist $level->{map};
    $level->{cloners} = txtfile::buildclonerlist $level->{map};

    $level->{leveltime} = unpack "v", substr $data, 0, 2, "";

    $data = join "", map { $textkey[ord] } split //, $data;
    $data =~ s/\A([^\n]+)\n//;
    $level->{title} = $1;
    $data =~ s/\n+\Z//;
    if (length $data) {
	$data =~ tr/\n/ /s;
	$level->{hint} = $data;
    }

    return $level;
}

sub readmsdos($)
{
    my $dirname = shift;
    my $data = { ruleset => "lynx" };

    foreach my $n (0 .. $#levelfilenames) {
	$filename = "$dirname/$levelfilenames[$n]";
	$filelevel = $n + 1;
	next unless -e $filename;
	open FILE, "< $filename" or return ::err $!;
	binmode FILE;
	my $level = parselevel join "", <FILE>;
	close FILE;
	return unless defined $level;
	$level->{number} = $n + 1;
	$level->{passwd} = $origpasswords[$n];
	push @{$data->{levels}}, $level;
    }

    return $data;
}

sub readrom($)
{
    my $input = shift;
    my $data = { ruleset => "lynx" };

    my $buf = ::fileread $input, "a20" or return;
    return ::err "invalid ROM file"
	unless $buf eq "LYNX\000\002\000\000\001\000chipchal.l";

    my @levels;
    sysseek $input, 0x02F0, 0 or return ::err $!;
    for (my $n = 0 ; $n < 150 ; ++$n) {
	my @rec = ::fileread $input, "C4vv" or return;
	$levels[$n][0] = (($rec[0] << 9) | $rec[1]
					 | (($rec[2] & 0x01) << 8)) + 0x40;
	$levels[$n][1] = $rec[5];
    }

    for (my $n = 0 ; $n < 150 ; ++$n) {
	$filelevel = $n + 1;
	$buf = sysseek $input, $levels[$n][0], 0 or return ::err $!;
	$buf = ::fileread $input, "a$levels[$n][1]" or return;
	next if $levels[$n][1] == 5 && $buf eq "\000\000\001\000\377";
	my $level = parselevel $buf;
	return unless defined $level;
	$level->{number} = $n + 1;
	$level->{passwd} = $origpasswords[$n];
	push @{$data->{levels}}, $level;
    }

    return $data;
}

#
#
#

sub translatetext($;$)
{
    my $in = shift;
    my $multiline = shift || 0;

    my $out = "";
    my ($x, $y) = (0, 0);
    my $brk = [ undef ];

    foreach my $char (split //, $in) {
	if ($char eq "\n") {
	    ++$y;
	    $x = -1;
	    $brk = [ undef ];
	} elsif ($x >= 19) {
	    if (!$multiline || $y >= 6) {
		::err "truncated text";
		substr($out, 17 - $x) = "" if $y >= 6 && $x >= 19;
		last;
	    }
	    if ($brk->[0]) {
		$x -= $brk->[0];
		substr($out, $brk->[1], 1) = "\0";
	    } else {
		$x = -1;
		$out .= "\0";
	    }
	    ++$y;
	    $brk = [ undef ];
	} elsif ($char eq " ") {
	    $brk = [ $x, length $out ];
	}
	$out .= $textkey{uc $char};
	++$x;
    }

    return $out;
}

sub mklevelmap($)
{
    my $level = shift;
    my $out = "";
    my $chips = 0;

    for (my $y = 0 ; $y < 32 ; ++$y) {
	for (my $x = 0 ; $x < 32 ; ++$x) {
	    my $obj;
	    my $top = $level->{map}[$y][$x][0];
	    my $bot = $level->{map}[$y][$x][1];
	    if (::iscreature $top || ::ischip $top || ::isblock $top) {
		$obj = $bot;
		if (::iscreature $obj || ::isblock $obj || ::ischip $obj) {
		    ::err "ignoring buried creature";
		    $obj = 0;
		}
	    } else {
		::err "ignoring buried object" if $bot;
		$obj = $top;
	    }
	    if ($obj == $tilenames{"computer chip"}) {
		$obj = $chips < $level->{chips} ? 0x23 : 0x31;
		++$chips;
	    } else {
		$obj = $objectkey{$obj};
		unless (defined $obj) {
		    ::err "ignoring non-Lynx object";
		    $obj = 0;
		}
	    }
	    $out .= chr $obj;
	}
    }

    ::err "chips needed was reduced" if $chips < $level->{chips};

    return $out;
}

sub mklevelcrlist($)
{
    my $level = shift;
    my @listed;
    my @crlist;

    return ::err "invalid creature list: $level->{lynxcreatures}"
	unless ref $level->{lynxcreatures};

    my ($types, $xs, $ys) = ("", "", "");
    foreach my $creature (@{$level->{lynxcreatures}}) {
	my $y = $creature->[0];
	my $x = $creature->[1];
	my $type = $level->{map}[$y][$x][0];
	$type = $creaturekey{$type};
	unless (defined $type) {
	    ::err "ignoring non-Lynx creature in creature list";
	    next;
	}
	$type |= 0x80 if $creature->[2] < 0;
	$y <<= 3;
	$x <<= 3;
	++$y, ++$x if $creature->[2] == 0;
	$types .= chr $type;
	$xs .= chr $x;
	$ys .= chr $y;
    }

    return pack "a128 a128 a128", $types, $xs, $ys;
}

sub mkleveldata($)
{
    my $level = shift;
    my $out = "";
    my $part;

    $part = mklevelmap $level;
    return unless defined $part;
    $out .= $part;

    $part = mklevelcrlist $level;
    return unless defined $part;
    $out .= $part;

    $out .= pack "v", $level->{leveltime};

    $part = translatetext $level->{title};
    return unless defined $part;
    $out .= "$part\0";

    if (exists $level->{hint}) {
	$part = translatetext $level->{hint}, 1;
	return unless defined $part;
	$out .= "$part\0";
    }

    $out .= "\0";

    return compress $out;
}

sub writemsdos($$)
{
    my $dirname = shift;
    my $data = shift;

    ::err "warning: storing an MS-ruleset level set in a Lynx-only file format"
	unless $data->{ruleset} eq "lynx";

    foreach my $level (@{$data->{levels}}) {
	$filename = $dirname;
	$filelevel = undef;
	if ($level->{number} >= @levelfilenames) {
	    ::err "ignoring level $level->{number}, number too high";
	    next;
	} elsif ($level->{number} < 1) {
	    ::err "ignoring level $level->{number}, number invalid";
	    next;
	}
	$filename = "$dirname/$levelfilenames[$level->{number} - 1]";
	$filelevel = $level->{number};
	::err "ignoring password"
	    if $level->{passwd} ne $origpasswords[$level->{number} - 1];
	open FILE, "> $filename" or return ::err $!;
	binmode FILE;
	my $out = mkleveldata $level or return;
	print FILE $out or return ::err $!;
	close FILE or return ::err $!;
    }

    return 1;
}

sub writerom($$)
{
    my $file = shift;
    my $data = shift;

    ::err "warning: storing an MS-ruleset level set in a Lynx-only file format"
	unless $data->{ruleset} eq "lynx";

    my $buf = ::fileread $file, "a22" or return;
    return ::err "invalid ROM file"
	unless $buf eq "LYNX\000\002\000\000\001\000chipchal.lyx";

    sysseek $file, 0x02F0, 0 or return ::err $!;
    my @ptr = ::fileread $file, "C4" or return ::err $!;
    my $startpos = (($ptr[0] << 9) | $ptr[1] | (($ptr[2] & 0x01) << 8));

    my @levellist;
    my $dropped;
    foreach my $level (@{$data->{levels}}) {
	my $n = $level->{number};
	$filelevel = $n;
	if ($n < 1) {
	    ::err "ignoring invalid-numbered level $n";
	} elsif ($n > 149) {
	    ++$dropped;
	} elsif (defined $levellist[$n]) {
	    ::err "ignoring duplicate level $n";
	} else {
	    ::err "ignoring password"
		if $level->{passwd} ne $origpasswords[$n - 1];
	    $levellist[$n] = mkleveldata $level;
	    return unless defined $levellist[$n];
	}
    }
    ::err "ignored $dropped level(s) above level 149" if $dropped;

    my $levels = "";
    my $index = "";
    my $ptr = $startpos;
    for (my $n = 1 ; $n <= 149 ; ++$n) {
	my $size;
	if ($levellist[$n]) {
	    $levels .= $levellist[$n];
	    $size = length $levellist[$n];
	} else {
	    $levels .= "\000\000\001\000\377";
	    $size = 5;
	}
	$index .= pack "C4vv", ($ptr >> 9), ($ptr & 0xFF),
			       (($ptr >> 8) & 0x01), 0, 0, $size;
	$ptr += $size;
    }
    $levels .= "\000\000\001\000\377";
    $index .= pack "C4vv", ($ptr >> 9), ($ptr & 0xFF),
			   (($ptr >> 8) & 0x01), 0, 0, 5;

    return ::err "too much data; cannot fit inside the ROM file"
	if length $levels > 0x11D00;

    sysseek $file, 0x02F0, 0 or return ::err $!;
    syswrite $file, $index or return ::err $!;
    sysseek $file, $startpos + 0x40, 0 or return ::err $!;
    syswrite $file, $levels or return ::err $!;

    return 1;
}

#
#
#

package cudfile;

# The terse names used by the universal-dump file format.
#
my @shortnames = ("empty",		# 0x00
		  "wall",		# 0x01
		  "ic_chip",		# 0x02
		  "water",		# 0x03
		  "fire",		# 0x04
		  "inv_wall_per",	# 0x05
		  "wall_N",		# 0x06
		  "wall_W",		# 0x07
		  "wall_S",		# 0x08
		  "wall_E",		# 0x09
		  "block",		# 0x0A
		  "dirt",		# 0x0B
		  "ice",		# 0x0C
		  "force_S",		# 0x0D
		  "block_N",		# 0x0E
		  "block_W",		# 0x0F
		  "block_S",		# 0x10
		  "block_E",		# 0x11
		  "force_N",		# 0x12
		  "force_E",		# 0x13
		  "force_W",		# 0x14
		  "exit",		# 0x15
		  "blue_door",		# 0x16
		  "red_door",		# 0x17
		  "green_door",		# 0x18
		  "yellow_door",	# 0x19
		  "ice_turn_SE",	# 0x1A
		  "ice_turn_SW",	# 0x1B
		  "ice_turn_NW",	# 0x1C
		  "ice_turn_NE",	# 0x1D
		  "blue_floor",		# 0x1E
		  "blue_wall",		# 0x1F
		  "overlay",		# 0x20
		  "thief",		# 0x21
		  "socket",		# 0x22
		  "green_button",	# 0x23
		  "red_button",		# 0x24
		  "toggle_close",	# 0x25
		  "toggle_open",	# 0x26
		  "brown_button",	# 0x27
		  "blue_button",	# 0x28
		  "teleport",		# 0x29
		  "bomb",		# 0x2A
		  "trap",		# 0x2B
		  "inv_wall_tmp",	# 0x2C
		  "gravel",		# 0x2D
		  "popup_wall",		# 0x2E
		  "hint_button",	# 0x2F
		  "wall_SE",		# 0x30
		  "cloner",		# 0x31
		  "force_any",		# 0x32
		  "chip_drowned",	# 0x33
		  "chip_burned",	# 0x34
		  "chip_bombed",	# 0x35
		  "unused_1",		# 0x36
		  "unused_2",		# 0x37
		  "unused_3",		# 0x38
		  "chip_exiting",	# 0x39
		  "exit_1",		# 0x3A
		  "exit_2",		# 0x3B
		  "chip_swim_N",	# 0x3C
		  "chip_swim_W",	# 0x3D
		  "chip_swim_S",	# 0x3E
		  "chip_swim_E",	# 0x3F
		  "bug_N",		# 0x40
		  "bug_W",		# 0x41
		  "bug_S",		# 0x42
		  "bug_E",		# 0x43
		  "fireball_N",		# 0x44
		  "fireball_W",		# 0x45
		  "fireball_S",		# 0x46
		  "fireball_E",		# 0x47
		  "ball_N",		# 0x48
		  "ball_W",		# 0x49
		  "ball_S",		# 0x4A
		  "ball_E",		# 0x4B
		  "tank_N",		# 0x4C
		  "tank_W",		# 0x4D
		  "tank_S",		# 0x4E
		  "tank_E",		# 0x4F
		  "glider_N",		# 0x50
		  "glider_W",		# 0x51
		  "glider_S",		# 0x52
		  "glider_E",		# 0x53
		  "teeth_N",		# 0x54
		  "teeth_W",		# 0x55
		  "teeth_S",		# 0x56
		  "teeth_E",		# 0x57
		  "walker_N",		# 0x58
		  "walker_W",		# 0x59
		  "walker_S",		# 0x5A
		  "walker_E",		# 0x5B
		  "blob_N",		# 0x5C
		  "blob_W",		# 0x5D
		  "blob_S",		# 0x5E
		  "blob_E",		# 0x5F
		  "centipede_N",	# 0x60
		  "centipede_W",	# 0x61
		  "centipede_S",	# 0x62
		  "centipede_E",	# 0x63
		  "blue_key",		# 0x64
		  "red_key",		# 0x65
		  "green_key",		# 0x66
		  "yellow_key",		# 0x67
		  "water_boots",	# 0x68
		  "fire_boots",		# 0x69
		  "ice_boots",		# 0x6A
		  "force_boots",	# 0x6B
		  "chip_N",		# 0x6C
		  "chip_W",		# 0x6D
		  "chip_S",		# 0x6E
		  "chip_E"		# 0x6F
);
for (0x70 .. 0xFF) { $shortnames[$_] = sprintf "tile_%02X", $_ }

sub write($$)
{
    my $output = shift;
    my $data = shift;
    my $list;

    print $output "BEGIN CUD 1 ruleset $data->{ruleset}\n\n" or return;

    foreach my $level (@{$data->{levels}}) {
	printf $output "%03d chips %d\n", $level->{number}, $level->{chips}
	    or return;
	printf $output "%03d time %d\n", $level->{number}, $level->{leveltime}
	    or return;
	printf $output "%03d passwd %s\n", $level->{number}, $level->{passwd}
	    or return;
	printf $output "%03d title:%s\n", $level->{number},
					  ::escape $level->{title}
	    or return;
	printf $output "%03d hint", $level->{number} or return;
	print $output ":", ::escape $level->{hint} or return
	    if exists $level->{hint};
	print $output "\n" or return;

	my @notes;
	$list = $level->{traps};
	foreach my $i (0 .. $#$list) {
	    $notes[$list->[$i]{from}[0]][$list->[$i]{from}[1]]{tfr} = $i + 1;
	    $notes[$list->[$i]{to}[0]][$list->[$i]{to}[1]]{tto} = $i + 1;
	}
	$list = $level->{cloners};
	foreach my $i (0 .. $#$list) {
	    $notes[$list->[$i]{from}[0]][$list->[$i]{from}[1]]{cfr} = $i + 1;
	    $notes[$list->[$i]{to}[0]][$list->[$i]{to}[1]]{cto} = $i + 1;
	}
	$list = $level->{creatures};
	foreach my $i (0 .. $#$list) {
	    $notes[$list->[$i][0]][$list->[$i][1]]{crl} = $i + 1;
	}

	foreach my $y (0 .. 31) {
	    foreach my $x (0 .. 31) {
		next if $level->{map}[$y][$x][0] == 0
		     && $level->{map}[$y][$x][1] == 0
		     && !defined $notes[$y][$x];
		printf $output "%03d (%02d %02d) ", $level->{number}, $x, $y
		    or return;
		printf $output "%-12.12s %-12.12s ",
			       $shortnames[$level->{map}[$y][$x][0]],
			       $shortnames[$level->{map}[$y][$x][1]]
		    or return;
		printf $output " Tfr=%-2.2s", $notes[$y][$x]{tfr} or return
		    if exists $notes[$y][$x]{tfr};
		printf $output " Tto=%-2.2s", $notes[$y][$x]{tto} or return
		    if exists $notes[$y][$x]{tto};
		printf $output " Cfr=%-2.2s", $notes[$y][$x]{cfr} or return
		    if exists $notes[$y][$x]{cfr};
		printf $output " Cto=%-2.2s", $notes[$y][$x]{cto} or return
		    if exists $notes[$y][$x]{cto};
		printf $output " CL=%-3.3s", $notes[$y][$x]{crl} or return
		    if exists $notes[$y][$x]{crl};
		printf $output "\n" or return;
	    }
	}
	printf $output "\n" or return;
    }

    print $output "END\n" or return;

    return 1;
}

#
#
#

package main;

use constant yowzitch => <<EOT;
Usage: c4 [-INTYPE] INFILE [-OUTTYPE] OUTFILE

The type switches can be omitted if the file's type can be inferred
directly. Available types:

    -D     Microsoft data file (*.dat)
    -T     textual source file (*.txt)
    -R     Lynx ROM file (*.lnx, *.lyx)
    -P     MS-DOS fileset (directory of *.pak files)
    -U     Chip's universal dump file (*.cud) [write-only]
EOT
use constant vourzhon => "1.0\n";

my ($infile, $outfile);
my ($intype, $outtype);

sub deducetype($)
{
    local $_ = shift;
    if (-d $_) {
	return "P";
    } elsif (/\.dat$/) {
	return "D";
    } elsif (/\.txt$/ || /^-$/) {
	return "T";
    } elsif (/\.lnx$/ || /\.lyx$/) {
	return "R";
    } elsif (/\.cud$/) {
	return "U";
    }
    return;
}

sub findfiletype($)
{
    open FILE, shift or return;
    local $_;
    sysread FILE, $_, 16 or return;
    close FILE;
    return "D" if /\A\xAC\xAA\x02/;
    return "R" if /\ALYNX\0/;
    return "T" if /\A\s*(rul|til|max|%%%)/;
    return;
}

die yowzitch unless @ARGV;
print yowzitch and exit if $ARGV[0] =~ /^--?(h(elp)?|\?)$/;
print vourzhon and exit if $ARGV[0] =~ /^--?[Vv](ersion)?$/;

$infile = shift;
if ($infile =~ /^-([A-Za-z])$/) {
    $intype = uc $1;
    $infile = shift;
}
die yowzitch unless @ARGV;
$outfile = shift;
if ($outfile =~ /^-([A-Za-z])$/) {
    $outtype = uc $1;
    $outfile = shift;
}
die yowzitch unless defined $infile && defined $outfile && @ARGV == 0;

$intype ||= deducetype $infile;
$outtype ||= deducetype $outfile;
die "$outfile: file type unspecified\n" unless $outtype;
$intype = findfiletype $infile if !defined $intype && -f $infile;
die "$infile: file type unspecified\n" unless $intype;

my $data;

$filename = $infile;
if ($intype eq "D") {
    open FILE, "< $infile" or die "$infile: $!\n";
    binmode FILE;
    $data = datfile::read \*FILE or exit 1;
    close FILE;
} elsif ($intype eq "T") {
    open FILE, "< $infile" or die "$infile: $!\n";
    $data = txtfile::read \*FILE or exit 1;
    close FILE;
} elsif ($intype eq "P") {
    $data = lynxfmt::readmsdos $infile or exit 1;
} elsif ($intype eq "R") {
    open FILE, "< $infile" or die "$infile: $!\n";
    binmode FILE;
    $data = lynxfmt::readrom \*FILE or exit 1;
    close FILE;
} elsif ($intype eq "U") {
    die "File type -U is a write-only file format.\n";
} else {
    die "Unknown file type option -$intype.\n";
}

undef $filename;
undef $filelevel;
undef $filepos;

$filename = $outfile;

if ($outtype eq "D") {
    open FILE, "> $outfile" or die "$outfile: $!\n";
    binmode FILE;
    datfile::write \*FILE, $data or die "$outfile: $!\n";
    close FILE or die "$outfile: $!\n";
} elsif ($outtype eq "T") {
    open FILE, "> $outfile" or die "$outfile: $!\n";
    txtfile::write \*FILE, $data or die "$outfile: $!\n";
    close FILE or die "$outfile: $!\n";
} elsif ($outtype eq "P") {
    lynxfmt::writemsdos $outfile, $data or exit 1;
} elsif ($outtype eq "R") {
    open FILE, "+< $outfile" or die "$outfile: $!\n";
    binmode FILE;
    lynxfmt::writerom \*FILE, $data or die "$outfile: $!\n";
    close FILE or die "$outfile: $!\n";
} elsif ($outtype eq "U") {
    open FILE, "> $outfile" or die "$outfile: $!\n";
    cudfile::write \*FILE, $data or die "$outfile: $!\n";
    close FILE or die "$outfile: $!\n";
} else {
    die "Unknown file type option -$outtype.\n";
}

#
# The documentation
#

=head1 NAME

c4 - Chip's Challenge combined converter

=head1 SYNOPSIS

    c4 [-INTYPE] INFILENAME [-OUTTYPE] OUTFILENAME

c4 allows one to translate between the several different types of
files used to represent level sets for the game Chip's Challenge.

c4 expects there to be two files named on the command-line. c4 reads
the levels stored in the first file, and then writes the levels out to
the second file. The format to use with each file usually can be
inferred by c4 by examining the filenames. If not, then it may be
necessary to use switches before one or both filenames to indicate
their type.

There are four different types of files that c4 understands.

    -D     MS data file (*.dat).

This is the file type used by Chip's Challenge for Microsoft Windows
3.x. It is the file type used by most other programs, such as ChipEdit
and Tile World.

    -R     Lynx ROM file (*.lnx, *.lyx)

This "file type" is actually just a ROM image of the original Chip's
Challenge for the Atari Lynx handheld. It is used by Lynx emulators
such as Handy.

    -P     MS-DOS fileset (directory of *.pak files)

This is the format used by the MS-DOS port of Chip's Challenge. In
this case, the filename given on the command line actually names a
directory, containing *.pak files.

    -T     textual source file (*.txt)

This file type is native to c4. It is a plain text file, which allows
levels to be defined pictorially using a simple text editor. A
complete description of the syntax of these files is provided below.

=head1 EXAMPLES

    c4 mylevels.txt mylevels.dat

Create a .dat file from a textual source file.

    c4 -P levels -D doslevels.dat

"levels" is a directory of MS-DOS *.pak files. c4 translates the
directory contents into a single .dat file. Note that the switches in
this example are optional, as c4 would be able to infer the desired
formats.

    c4 mylevels.dat chipsch.lnx

Embed the levels from the .dat file into a Lynx ROM file. Note that c4
does NOT create chipsch.lnx. You must provide the ROM image file,
which c4 then alters to contain your levels. (Obviously, you should
not use this command on your master copy of the ROM file.)

    c4 chipsch.lnx -T out

Output the levels in the .dat file as a text file. Here the -T switch
is needed to indicate that a text file is the desired output format.

When producing a text file, c4 will attempt to produce legible source,
but the results will often not be as good as what a human being would
produce. (In particular, c4 cannot draw overlays.)

=head1 NOTES

Be aware that there can be various problems when translating a set of
levels using the MS ruleset to one of the Lynx-only file formats.
There are numerous objects and configurations in the MS ruleset which
cannot be represented in the Lynx ruleset. Usually c4 will display a
warning when some aspect of the data could not be transferred intact
because of this.

The remainder of this documentation describes the syntax of the
textual source file format.

=head1 LAYOUT OF THE INPUT FILE

The source file is broken up into subsections. Each subsection defines
a separate level in the set.

The subsections are separated from each other by a line containing
three percent signs:

    %%%

A line of three percent signs also comes before the first level and
after the last level, at the end of the source file.

Any other line that begins with a percent sign is treated as a
comment, and its contents are ignored.

Beyond these things, the source file consists of statements.
Statements generally appear as a single line of text. Some statements,
however, require multiple lines. These multi-line statements are
terminated with the word B<end> appearing alone on a line.

=head1 INPUT FILE HEADER STATEMENTS

There are a couple of statements that can appear at the very top of
the source file, before the first level subsection.

    ruleset [ lynx | ms ]

The B<ruleset> statement is the most important of these. It defines
the ruleset for the level set. If the B<ruleset> statment is absent,
it defaults to B<lynx>.

    maxlevel NNN

The B<maxlevel> statement specifies the number of the last level in
the .dat file. By default, this value is provided automatically and
does not need to be specified.

In addition to the above, a set of tile definitions can appear in the
header area. See below for a full description of the B<tiles>
multi-line statement. Any tile definitions provided here remain in
force throughout the file.

=head1 INPUT FILE LEVEL STATEMENTS

Within each level's subsection, the following two statments will
usually appear at the top.

    title STRING
    password PASS

The B<title> statement supplies the level's title, or name. The title
string can be surrounded by double quotes, or unadorned. The
B<password> statement supplies the level's password. This password
must consist of exactly four uppercase alphabetic characters.

If the level's number is 150 or less, the B<password> statement may be
omitted. In that case the level's password will default to match that
level in the original Lynx set. (N.B.: The Lynx ROM file format does
not provide a mechanism for setting passwords, so in that case the
default password will be used regardless.)

The following statements may also appear in a level subsection.

    chips NNN

The B<chips> statement defines how many chips are required on this
level to open the chip socket. The default value is zero.

    time NNN

The B<time> statement defines how many seconds are on the level's
clock. The default value is zero (i.e., no time limit).

    hint STRING

The B<hint> statement defines the level's hint text. As with the
B<title> statement, the string can either be unadorned or delimited
with double quotes. If a section contains multiple B<hint> statements,
the texts are appended together, e.g.:

    hint This is a relatively long hint, and so it
    hint is helpful to be able to break it up across
    hint several lines.

Note that the same can be done with B<title> statements.

    tiles
    DEF1
    DEF2
    ...
    end

The B<tiles> multi-line statement introduces one or more tile
definitions. The definitions appear one per line, until a line
containing B<end> is found. Note that the tile definitions given here
only apply to the current level. A complete description of tile
definitions is given below.

    map [ X Y ]    map [ X Y ]
    LINE1	   LINE1
    LINE2	   LINE2
    ...		   ...
    and		   end
    OVER1
    OVER2
    ...
    end

The B<map> statement defines the actual contents of (part of) the
level's map. The line containing the B<map> statement can optionally
include a pair of coordinates; these coordinates indicate where the
the section will be located on the level's map. If coordinates are
omitted, the defined section will be located at (0 0) -- i.e., the
upper-left corner of the level. The lines inside the B<map> statement
pictorially define the contents of the map section, until a line
containing B<and> or B<end> is encountered. When the map is terminated
by B<and>, then the lines defining the map section are immediately
followed by lines defining an overlay. The overlay uses the same
origin as the map section (though it is permissible for the overlay to
be smaller than the map section it is paired with). A complete
description of the map and overlay sections is given below.

    border TL

The B<border> statement specifies a tile. The edges of the map are
then changed to contain this tile. Typically this is used to enclose
the level in walls.

The following statements are also available, though they are usually
not needed. They provide means for explicitly defining level data, for
the occasional situation where the usual methods are more cumbersome.

    creatures X1 Y1 ; X2 Y2 ...

The B<creatures> statements permits explicit naming of the coordinates
in the creature list. Pairs of coordinates are separated from each
other by semicolons; any number of coordinate pairs can be specified.
There can be multiple B<creatures> statements in a level's subsection.

    traps P1 Q1 -> R1 S1 ; P2 Q2 -> R2 S2 ...

The B<traps> statement permits explicit naming of the coordinates for
elements in the bear trap list. Coordinates are given in one or more
groups of four, separated by semicolons. Each group consists of the x-
and y-coordinates of the brown button, an arrow (->), and then the x-
and y-coordinates of the bear trap. Any number of B<traps> statements
can appear in a level's subsection.

    cloners P1 Q1 -> R1 S1 ; P2 Q2 -> R2 S2 ...

The B<cloners> statement permits explicit naming of elements in the
clone machine list. It uses the same syntax as the B<traps> statment,
with the red button's coordinates preceding the coordinates of the
clone machine.

    level NNN

The B<level> statement defines the level's number. By default it is
one more than the number of the prior level.

    field NN B01 B02 ...

The B<field> statement allows fields to be directly specified and
embedded in the .dat file. The first argument specifies the field
number; the remaining arguments provide the byte values for the actual
field data. These statements are only meaningful in conjunction with
producing a .dat file.

=head1 DEFINING TILES

A tile definition consists of two parts. The first part is either one
or two characters. The characters can be letters, numbers, punctuation
-- anything except spaces. The second part is the name of a tile or a
pair of tiles. The characters then become that tile's representation.

Here is an example of some tile definitions:

    tiles
    #       wall
    *       teleport
    rb      red button
    @       chip south
    end

(Note that a single tab character comes after the characters and
before the tile names.) Once these definitions have been provided, the
newly-defined characters can then be used in a map.

The above definitions all use singular tiles. To define a pair of
tiles, combine the two names with a plus sign, like so:

    tiles
    X       block + bomb
    G       glider north + clone machine
    end

Notice that the top tile is named first, then the bottom tile.

The B<tiles> statement is the only statement that can appear in the
header, as well as in a level's subsection. Tile definitions in the
header are global, and can be used in every subsection. Tile
definitions inside a subsection are local, and apply only to that
level.

A number of tile definitions are pre-set ahead of time, supplying
standard representations for some of the most common tiles. (If these
representations are not desired, the characters can always be
redefined.) Here are some of the built-in definitions:

    #       wall                  $       computer chip
    ,       water                 H       socket
    =       ice                   E       exit
    &       fire                  []      block
    6       bomb                  ?       hint button

See below for the complete list of tile names and built-in
definitions.

A few groups tiles allow one to specify multiple definitions in a
single line. For example:

    tiles
    G       glider
    end

This one definition is equivalent to the following:

    tiles
    Gn      glider north
    Gs      glider south
    Ge      glider east
    Gw      glider west
    end

(Note that "G" by itself is still undefined.) All creatures, including
Chip, can be defined using this abbreviated form.

Doors and keys are the other groups that have this feature; the
following definition:

    tiles
    D       door
    end

is equivalent to:

    tiles
    Dr      red door
    Db      blue door
    Dy      yellow door
    Dg      green door
    end

=head1 MAP SECTIONS

Once all the needed tiles have defined representations, using the map
statement is a simple matter. Here is an example:

    map
    # # # # # #
    # &     & # # #
        []    H E #
    # &     $ # # #
    # # # # # #
    end

This is a map of a small room. A block stands in the way of the
entrance. Three of the four corners contain fire; the fourth contains
a chip. On the east wall is an exit guarded by a chip socket.

Note that each cell in the map is two characters wide. (Thus, for
example, the octothorpes describe a solid wall around the room.)

Here is a larger example, which presents the map from LESSON 2:

    tiles
    B       bug north
    C       chip south
    end

    map 7 7
        # # # # # # #
        #     $     #
        #           #
        #     #     # # # # # # # # # #
    # # #     # B     , ,           $ #
    # E H     # # B   , ,   [][]C ?   #
    # # #     # B     , ,           $ #
        #     #     # # # # # # # # # #
        #           #
        #     $     #
        # # # # # # #
    end

There are a couple of different ways to fill a cell with two tiles.
The first way is to simply use tile definitions which contains two
tiles:

    tiles
    X       block + bomb
    G       glider east + clone machine
    end

    map 12 14
            # #
          6 E #
            # # X
    G
    end

The second way is to squeeze two representations into a single cell.
Obviously, this can only be done with both representations are a
single character.

    tiles
    [       block
    G       glider east
    +       clone machine
    end

    map 12 14
            # #
          6 E #
            # # [6
    G+
    end

In both cases, the top tile always comes before the bottom tile. Note
that you can "bury" a tile by placing it to the right of a space:

    map
    # # # # # #
       6 6 6E #
    # # # # # #
    end

Any number of map statements can appear in a level's subsection. The
map statements will be combined together to make the complete map.

=head1 OVERLAY SECTIONS

Every map statement can optionally include an overlay section. This
overlay permits button connections and monster ordering to be defined.

The overlay is applied to the same position as the map section it
accompanies. The overlay can duplicate parts of the map section it
covers, and any such duplication will be ignored. The only characters
in the overlay that are significant are the ones that differ from the
map section it covers. These characters are treated as labels. Labels
are always a single character; two non-space characters in a cell
always indicates two separate labels. Any non-space characters can be
used as labels, as long as they don't match up with the map.

An overlay section defines a button connection by using the same label
in two (or more) cells. One of the labelled cells will contain either
a bear trap or a clone machine, and the other will contain the
appropriate button. If there are more than two cells with the same
label, all but one should contain a button.

Characters that only appear once in an overlay, on the other hand,
indicate creatures. The characters then indicate the ordering of the
creatures in the creature list with respect to each other. The
ordering of characters is the usual ASCII sequence (e.g., numbers
first, then capital letters, then lowercase letters).

For example, here is a map with an overlay that demonstrates all three
of these uses:

    tiles
    G       glider east
    +       clone machine
    r       red button
    *       beartrap
    b       brown button
    end

    map
    G                           v #
    G+      *   r   * G+    b &   # r
    G+    *     r     #           # r
    # >   b b G             < #   #
    and
    2                           v #
    A       c   C   d C     d &   # A
    B     a     C     #           # B
    # >   a c 1             < #   #
    end

In this example, capitals are used for the clone machine connections,
lowercase for the bear trap connections, and numbers are used for the
creature ordering.

(Note that the gliders atop clone machines are not numbered. While it
is not an error to include clone machine creatures in the ordering,
they are ignored under the MS ruleset.)

It is not necessary to reproduce any of the map section's text in the
overlay section. Blanks can be used instead. The ignoring of matching
text is simply a feature designed to assist the user in keeping the
overlay's contents properly aligned.

The B<traps>, B<cloners>, and B<creatures> statements can be used in
lieu of, or in conjunction with, data from overlay sections. In the
case of the creature list, items are added to the list in the order
that they are encountered in the source text.

If a level contains no overlay information and none of the above three
statements, then this information will be filled in automatically. The
data will be determined by following the original Lynx-based rules --
viz., buttons are connected to the next beartrap/clone machine in
reading order, wrapping around to the top if necessary. (Likewise, the
creature ordering is just the order of the creatures in their initial
placement, modified by swapping the first creature with Chip.) Thus,
if you actually want to force an empty bear trap list, clone machine
list, or creature list, you must include an empty B<traps>,
B<cloners>, and/or B<creatures> statement.

=head1 TILE NAMES

Here is the complete list of tiles as they are named in definitions.
Two or more names appearing on the same line indicates that they are
two different names for the same tile. Note that the tile names are
not case-sensitive; capitalization is ignored.

    empty
    wall
    water
    fire
    dirt
    ice
    gravel
    computer chip          ic chip
    socket
    exit
    ice corner southeast   ice se
    ice corner southwest   ice sw
    ice corner northwest   ice nw
    ice corner northeast   ice ne
    force floor north      force north
    force floor south      force south
    force floor east	   force east
    force floor west	   force west
    force floor random	   force random		     force any
    hidden wall permanent  invisible wall permanent
    hidden wall temporary  invisible wall temporary
    wall north             partition north
    wall south		   partition south
    wall east		   partition east
    wall west		   partition west
    wall southeast         partition southeast	     wall se
    closed toggle wall	   closed toggle door	     toggle closed
    open toggle wall	   open toggle door	     toggle open
    blue door		   door blue
    red door		   door red
    green door		   door green
    yellow door		   door yellow
    blue key		   key blue
    red key		   key red
    green key		   key green
    yellow key		   key yellow
    blue button		   button blue		     tank button
    red button		   button red		     clone button
    green button	   button green		     toggle button
    brown button	   button brown		     trap button
    blue block floor	   blue wall fake
    blue block wall	   blue wall real
    thief
    teleport
    bomb
    beartrap		   trap
    popup wall
    hint button
    clone machine	   cloner
    water boots		   water shield		     flippers
    fire boots		   fire shield
    ice boots		   spiked shoes		     skates
    force boots		   magnet		     suction boots
    block		   moveable block
    cloning block north	   block north
    cloning block south	   block south
    cloning block east	   block east
    cloning block west	   block west
    chip north
    chip south
    chip east
    chip west
    ball north
    tank north
    bug north		   bee north
    paramecium north	   centipede north
    fireball north	   flame north
    glider north	   ghost north
    blob north
    walker north	   dumbbell north
    teeth north		   frog north

(The last nine lines, listing the creatures, only show the
north-facing versions. The remaining 27 names, for the south-, east-,
and west-facing versions, follow the obvious patttern.)

Note that tile names may be abbreviated to any unique prefix. In
particular, this permits one to write names like "glider north" as
simply "glider n".

There are also tile names for the "extra" MS tiles. These tiles are
listed in parentheses, as an indicator that they were not originally
intended to be used in maps.

    (combination)
    (chip drowned)
    (chip burned)
    (chip bombed)
    (unused 1)
    (unused 2)
    (unused 3)
    (exiting)
    (exit 1)
    (exit 2)
    (chip swimming north)  (chip swimming n)
    (chip swimming west)   (chip swimming w)
    (chip swimming south)  (chip swimming s)
    (chip swimming east)   (chip swimming e)

Finally, note that one can also explicitly refer to tiles by their
hexadecimal byte value under the MS rules by using the "0x" prefix.
Thus, the names "0x2A" and "bomb" are equivalent.

=head1 PREDEFINED TILE DEFINITIONS

The following is the complete list of built-in tile definitions:

    #       wall                  E       exit
    $       ic chip               H       socket
    ,       water                 =       ice
    &       fire                  6       bomb
    ;       dirt                  :       gravel
    ~       wall north            ^       force floor north
    _       wall south            v       force floor south
    |       wall west             <       force floor west
     |      wall east             >       force floor east
    _|      wall southeast        <>      force floor random
    ?       hint button           @       chip south
    []      block                 [       block
    ^]      cloning block north + clone machine
    <]      cloning block west + clone machine 
    v]      cloning block south + clone machine 
    >]      cloning block east + clone machine

=head1 LICENSE

c4, Copyright (C) 2003-2006 Brian Raiter <breadbox@muppetlabs.com>

Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
a copy of this software and documentation (the "Software"), to deal in
the Software without restriction, including without limitation the
rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense,
and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the
Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:

The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.

THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY
CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT,
TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE
SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

=cut