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6 <!ENTITY retro "http://catb.org/~esr/retro/">
10 <title>Super Star Trek</title>
14 <firstname>David</firstname>
15 <surname>Matuzsek</surname>
18 <firstname>Paul</firstname>
19 <surname>Reynolds</surname>
22 <firstname>Tom</firstname>
23 <surname>Almy</surname>
26 <firstname>Stas</firstname>
27 <surname>Sergeev</surname>
30 <firstname>Eric</firstname>
31 <othername>Steven</othername>
32 <surname>Raymond</surname>
37 <para>Permission is hereby granted for the copying, distribution,
38 modification and use of this program and associated documentation
39 for recreational purposes, provided that all references to the
40 authors are retained. However, permission is not and will not be
41 granted for the sale or promotional use of this program or program
42 documentation, or for use in any situation in which profit may be
43 considered an objective, since it is the desire of the authors to
44 respect the copyrights of the originators of Star Trek.</para>
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81 Produced For Your Enjoyment
98 SST2K polishing and historical research by
103 <chapter><title>Introduction</title>
104 <para>The Organian Peace Treaty has collapsed, and the Federation is at war
105 with the Klingon Empire. Joining the Klingons against the Federation
106 are the members of the <quote>Romulan Star Empire.</quote> As commander of the
107 Starship U.S.S. Enterprise, your job is to wipe out the Klingon
108 invasion fleet and make the galaxy safe for democracy.</para>
110 <para>Your battleground is the entire galaxy, which for convenience is
111 divided up into eight rows of eight quadrants each, like a
112 checkerboard. Rows are numbered from top to bottom, and columns are
113 numbered left to right, so quadrant 1 - 8 would be in the upper right
114 hand corner of the galaxy.</para>
116 <para>During battle you will be concerned only with those enemies that
117 occupy the same quadrant as yourself. Quadrants are divided up into
118 sectors: ten rows of ten sectors each. Sectors are numbered in the
119 same way as quadrants, so the sector in the upper right corner is
120 sector 1 - 10. You have a short-range scanner which allows you to
121 look at the entire quadrant in a single display.</para>
123 <para>Enemies recharge during your absence. If you leave a quadrant
124 containing a weakened enemy, when you return to that quadrant he will
125 be strong again. Also, each time you enter a quadrant, the positions
126 of everthing in the quadrant (except your ship) are randomized, to
127 save you the trouble of trying to remember where everything in the
128 quadrant is. Notice that this refers only to the positions of things
129 in the quadrant—the numbers of each kind of thing are not changed
130 (except for black holes and the Super-commander, which move around
131 the galaxy). If you kill something, it stays dead.</para>
133 <para>The Romulans are not as serious a threat to the Federation as the
134 Klingons. For one thing, there are not as many of them. For
135 another, the Romulans are not as treacherous. However, Romulans are
136 not to be trifled with, especially when you are in violation of the
137 Romulan Neutral Zone.</para>
139 <para>There are two kinds of Klingons: Ordinary Klingons, which are
140 bad enough, and Klingon Commanders, which are even worse. Commanders
141 are about three times stronger than ordinary Klingons. Commanders are
142 more resistant to your weapons. Commanders can move about during
143 battle while Ordinary Klingons stay put. And finally, Commanders have
144 a thing called a <quote>long-range tractor beam</quote> which they can
145 use, at random intervals, to yank you away from what you are doing
146 into their quadrant, to do battle with them. There is also a special
147 commander, called the <quote>Super-commander.</quote> This character
148 is so bad he is reserved for the Good, Expert, and Emeritus games.
149 Fortunately, there is just one Super-commander in a game. In addition
150 to the undesirable traits of Commanders, he can move from quadrant to
151 quadrant at will, seeking out and destroying your starbases and any
152 helpful planets he runs across. He also has a spy planted aboard your
153 ship, giving him valuable information about your condition. Using
154 this information, he can do dastardly things like tractor beam your
155 ship when you are in bad shape. And once you've been tractor beamed
156 by the Super-commander —</para>
158 <para>But the advantages are not all on the side of the enemy. Your ship
159 is more powerful, and has better weapons. Besides, in the this
160 galaxy there are from two to five starbases, at which you can stop to
161 refuel and lick your wounds, safe from phaser attack or tractor
162 beams. But you had best not dally there too long, since time is not
163 on your side. The Klingons are not just after you; they are
164 attacking the entire Federation. There is always a finite <quote>time
165 left,</quote> which is how much longer the Federation can hold out if you
166 just sit on your fat behind and do nothing. As you wipe out
167 Klingons, you reduce the rate at which the invasion fleet weakens the
168 Federation, and so the time left until the Federation collapses may
169 actually increase. Since Klingons are the main threat to the
170 Federation, the Romulans do not figure into the <quote>time left.</quote> In
171 fact, you need not kill all the Romulans to win. If you can get all
172 the Klingons, the Federation will abide forever, and you have won the
175 <para>Space is vast, and it takes precious time to move from one place to
176 another. In comparison, other things happen so quickly that we
177 assume they take no time at all. Two ways that time can pass are when
178 you move, or when you issue a command to sit still and rest for a
179 period of time. You will sometimes want to do the latter, since the
180 various devices aboard your starship may be damaged and require time
181 to repair. Of course, repairs can be made more quickly at a starbase
182 than than can in flight.</para>
184 <para>In addition to Klingons, Romulans, and starbases, the galaxy
185 contains (surprise) stars. Mostly, stars are a nuisance and just get
186 in your way. You can trigger a star into going nova by shooting one
187 of your photon torpedoes at it. When a star novas, it does a lot of
188 dammage to anything immediately adjacent to it. If another star is
189 adjacent to a nova, it too will go nova. Stars may also occasionally
190 go supernova; a supernova in a quadrant destroys everything in the
191 quadrant andmakes the quadrant permanently uninhabitable. You may
192 <quote>jump over</quote> a quadrant containing a supernova when you
193 move, but you should not stop there.</para>
195 <para>Supernovas may happen spontaneously, without provocation. If a
196 supernova occurs in the same quadrant you are in, your starship has an
197 <quote>emergency automatic override</quote> which picks some random
198 direction and some random warp factor, and tries to throw you clear of
199 the supernova. If the supernova occurs in some other quadrant, you
200 just get a warning message from starfleet about it (provided, of
201 course, that your subspace radio is working).</para>
203 <para>Also a few planets are scattered through the galaxy. These can
204 sometimes be a great help since some of them will have <quote>dilithium
205 crystals,</quote> which are capable of replenishing the ship's energy
206 supply. You can either beam down to the planet surface using the
207 transporter, or take the shuttle craft <quote>Galileo</quote>.</para>
209 <para>Finally, each quadrant will contain from zero to three black
210 holes. These can deflect or swallow torpedoes passing near them. They
211 also swallow enemy ships knocked into them. If your ship enters one
214 <para>Star Trek is a rich game, full of detail. These instructions are
215 written at a moderate level—no attempt has been made fully to
216 describe everything about the game, but there is quite a bit more
217 here than you need to get started. If you are new to the game, just
218 get a rough idea of the kinds of commands available, and start
219 playing. After a game or two you will have learned everthing
220 important, and the detailed command descriptions which follow will be
221 a lot more meaningful to you.</para>
223 <para>You have weapons: phasers and photon torpedoes. You have a defense:
224 deflector shields. You can look at things: long-range scanners,
225 short-range scanners, and a star chart. You can move about, under
226 warp drive or impulse power. You can also dock at a starbase, rest
227 while repairs are being made, abandon ship, self destruct, or give up
228 and start a new game.</para>
230 <para>The Klingons are waiting.</para>
233 <chapter><title>Starting the Game</title>
234 <!-- This chapter is new in SST 2K -->
236 <para>The program will ask you some setup questions. You can give it
237 command-line arguments that will be treated as answers. Any token
238 may be abbreviated to a unique prefix.</para>
240 <para>The first question concerns whether you want a regullar,
241 tournament, or saved game. For discussion, see the <link
242 linkend="freeze">description of the freeze command</link>.</para>
244 <para>The second question will concern the length of the game.
245 Longer games include more enemies.</para>
247 <para>The third question will set the game's difficulty level.
248 You should probably start out at the novice level, even if you are
249 already familiar with one of the other versions of the Star Trek
250 game—but, of course, the level of game you play is up to you. If
251 you want to start at the Expert level, go ahead. It's your funeral.
252 The Emeritus game is strictly for masochists.</para>
254 <para>The fourth question, new in SST2K, sets your game options. A
255 blank answer or 'fancy' enables all SST2K features. The option
256 'plain' approximated the original CDC 6600 FORTRAN game from UT Austin
257 and disables a number of features: Tholians, planets & dilithium,
258 Thingies shooting back, deep-space-probes, Klingon ramming and
259 movement, time-warping through black holes, death-ray
260 upgrade. inhabited worlds. The option 'almy' approximates Tom Almy's
261 C translation from 1979, disabling Thingies shooting back, base
262 shields, time-warping through black holes, and inhabited
266 <chapter><title>How To Issue Commands</title>
268 <para>When the game is waiting for you to enter a command it will
275 <para>You may then type in your command. All you have to remember for each
276 command is the mnemonic. For example, if you want to move straight up
277 one quadrant, you can type in the mnemonic (case insensitive)</para>
283 <para>and the computer will prompt you with</para>
289 <para>Say you type in <quote>manual</quote>. The computer then responds</para>
292 X and Y displacements-
295 <para>Now you type in <quote>0 1</quote> which specifies an X movement of zero and a Y
296 movement of one.</para>
298 <para>When you have learned the commands, you can avoid being prompted
299 simply by typing in the information without waiting to be asked for
300 it. For example, in the above example, you could simply type in</para>
306 <para>and it will be done. Or you could type in</para>
312 <para>and when the computer responds with the displacement prompt, you
319 <para>and it will understand.</para>
321 <para>You can abbreviate most mnemonics. For <quote>move</quote>, you can use any
328 <para>successfully. For your safety, certain critical commands (such as to
329 abandon ship) must be written out in full. Also, in a few cases two
330 or more commands begin with the same letter, and in this case that
331 letter refers to a particular one of the commands; to get the other,
332 your abbreviation must be two or more characters long. This sounds
333 complicated, but you will learn the abbreviations quickly enough.</para>
335 <para>What this all boils down to is:</para>
338 <listitem><para>You can abbreviate practically anything</para></listitem>
339 <listitem><para>If you forget, the computer will prompt you</para></listitem>
340 <listitem><para>If you remember, you can type it all on one line</para></listitem>
343 <para>If you are part way through entering a command and you change your
344 minde, you can cancel the command by typing -1 as one of the
345 parameters, with the exception of the manual move command.</para>
347 <para>If anything is not clear to you, experiment. The worst you can do is
348 lose a game or two.</para>
351 <chapter><title>List of Commands</title>
353 <sect1><title>Short-Range Scan</title>
357 Shortest abbreviation: S
358 Full commands: SRSCAN
363 <!-- This is new in SST 2K -->
364 <para>If you are using the screen-oriented interface, this command is
365 suppressed; instead, a short-range scan will always be present on the
368 <para>The short-range scan gives you a considerable amount of information
369 about the quadrant your starship is in. A short-range scan is best
370 described by an example.</para>
374 1 * . . . . R . . . . Stardate 2516.3
375 2 . . . E . . . . . . Condition RED
376 3 . . . . . * . B . . Position 5 - 1, 2 - 4
377 4 . . . S . . . . . . Life Support DAMAGED, Reserves=2.30
378 5 . . . . . . . K . . Warp Factor 5.0
379 6 . K . . . . . * . Energy 2176.24
380 7 . . . . . P . . . . Torpedoes 3
381 8 . . . . * . . . . . Shields UP, 42% 1050.0 units
382 9 . * . . * . . . C . Klingons Left 12
383 10 . . . . . . . . . . Time Left 3.72
386 <para>The left part is a picture of the quadrant. The E at sector 2 -
387 4 represents the Enterprise; the B at sector 3 - 8 is a starbase.
388 There are ordinary Klingons (K) at sectors 5 - 8 and 6 - 2, and a
389 Klingon Commander (C) at 9 - 9. The (GULP)
390 <quote>Super-commander</quote> (S) is occupies sector 4 - 4, and a
391 Romulan (R) is at 1 - 6. An uninhabited planet (P) is at sector 7 - 6
392 (if it were inhabited, it would display as a '@'). There are
393 also a large number of stars (*). The periods (.) are just empty
394 space—they are printed to help you get your bearings. Sector 6
395 - 4 contains a black hole ( ).</para>
397 <para>The information on the right is assorted status information. You
398 can get this alone with the STATUS command. The status information
399 will be absent if you type <quote>N</quote> after SRSCAN. Otherwise
400 status information will be presented.</para>
402 <para>If you type <quote>C</quote> after SRSCAN, you will be given a
403 short-range scan and a Star Chart.</para>
405 <para>Short-range scans are free. That is, they use up no energy and no
406 time. If you are in battle, doing a short-range scan does not give
407 the enemies another chance to hit you. You can safely do a
408 short-range scan anytime you like.</para>
410 <para>If your short-range sensors are damaged, this command will only show
411 the contents of adjacent sectors.</para>
414 <sect1><title>Status Report</title>
418 Shortest abbreviation: ST
421 <!-- This is new in SST 2K -->
422 <para>If you are using the screen-oriented interface, this command is
423 suppressed; instead, a full status report will always be present on the
426 <para>This command gives you information about the current state of your
427 starship as follows:</para>
431 <term>STARDATE</term>
433 <para>The current date. A stardate is the same as a day.</para>
437 <term>CONDITION</term>
439 <para>There are four possible conditions:</para>
443 <listitem><para>docked at starbase.</para></listitem>
447 <listitem><para>in battle.</para></listitem>
451 <listitem><para>low on energy (<1000 units)</para></listitem>
455 <listitem><para>none of the above</para></listitem>
461 <term>POSITION</term>
463 <para>Quadrant is given first, then sector</para>
467 <term>LIFE SUPPORT</term>
469 <para>If <quote>ACTIVE</quote> then life support systems are functioning
470 normally. If on <quote>RESERVES</quote> the number is how many stardates your
471 reserve food, air, etc. will last—you must get repairs made or get to
472 a starbase before your reserves run out.</para>
476 <term>WARP FACTOR</term>
478 <para>What your warp factor is currently set to.</para>
484 <para>The amount of energy you have left. If it drops to zero, you die.</para>
488 <term>TORPEDOES</term>
490 <para>How many photon torpedoes you have left.</para>
496 <para>Whether your shields are up or down, how strong they are
497 (what percentage of a hit they can deflect), and shield energy.</para>
501 <term>KLINGONS LEFT</term>
503 <para>How many of the Klingons are still out there.</para>
507 <term>TIME LEFT</term>
509 <para>How long the Federation can hold out against the
510 present number of Klingons; that is, how long until the end
511 if you do nothing in the meantime. If you kill Klingons
512 quickly, this number will go up—if not, it will go down. If
513 it reaches zero, the federation is conquered and you lose.</para>
518 <para>Status information is free—it uses no time or energy, and
519 if you are in battle, the Klingons are not given another chance to hit
522 <para>Status information can also be obtained by doing a short-range scan.
523 See the SRSCAN command for details.</para>
525 <para>Each item of information can be obtained singly by requesting it.
526 See REQUEST command for details.</para>
529 <sect1><title>Long-Range Scan</title>
533 Shortest abbreviation: L
536 <!-- This is new in SST 2K -->
537 <para>If you are using the screen-oriented interface, this command is
538 suppressed; instead, a long-range scan will always be present on the
541 <para>A long-range scan gives you general information about where you are
542 and what is around you. Here is an example output.</para>
545 Long-range scan for Quadrant 5 - 1
551 <para>This scan says that you are in row 5, column 1 of the 8 by 8 galaxy.
552 The numbers in the scan indicate how many of each kind of thing there
553 is in your quadrant and all adjacent quadrants. The digits are
554 interpreted as follows.</para>
560 <entry>Thousands digit:</entry>
561 <entry>1000 indicates a supernova (only)</entry>
564 <entry>Hundreds digit:</entry>
565 <entry>number of Klingons present</entry>
568 <entry>Tens digit:</entry>
569 <entry>number of starbases present</entry>
572 <entry>Ones digit:</entry>
573 <entry>number of stars present</entry>
579 <para>For example, in your quadrant (5 - 1) the number is 316, which
580 indicates 3 Klingons, 1 starbase, and 6 stars. The long-range
581 scanner does not distinguish between ordinary Klingons and Klingon
582 command ships. If there is a supernova, as in the quadrant below and
583 to your right (quadrant 6 - 2), there is nothing else in the
586 <para>Romulans possess a <quote>cloaking device</quote> which prevents
587 their detection by long-range scan. Because of this fact, Starfleet
588 Command is never sure how many Romulans are <quote>out there</quote>.
589 When you kill the last Klingon, the remaining Romulans surrender to
590 the Federation.</para>
592 <para>Planets are also undetectable by long-range scan. The only way to
593 detect a planet is to find it in your current quadrant with the
594 short-range sensors.</para>
596 <para>Since you are in column 1, there are no quadrants to your left. The
597 minus ones indicate the negative energy barrier at the edge of the
598 galaxy, which you are not permitted to cross.</para>
600 <para>Long-range scans are free. They use up no energy or time, and can be
601 done safely regardless of battle conditions.</para>
604 <sect1><title>Star Chart</title>
608 Shortest abbreviation: C
611 <para>As you proceed in the game, you learn more and more about what things
612 are where in the galaxy. Whenever you first do a scan in a quadrant,
613 telemetry sensors are ejected which will report any changes in the
614 quadrant(s) back to your ship, providing the sub-space radio is
615 working. Spock will enter this information in the chart. If the radio
616 is not working, Spock can only enter new information discovered from
617 scans, and information in other quadrants may be obsolete.</para>
619 <para>The chart looks like an 8 by 8 array of numbers. These numbers are
620 interpreted exactly as they are on a long-range scan. A period (.) in
621 place of a digit means you do not know that information yet. For
622 example, ... means you know nothing about the quadrant, while .1.
623 menas you know it contains a base, but an unknown number of Klingons
626 <para>Looking at the star chart is a free operation. It costs neither time
627 nor energy, and can be done safely whether in or out of battle.</para>
630 <sect1><title>Damage Report</title>
634 Shortest abbreviation: DA
637 <para>At any time you may ask for a damage report to find out what devices
638 are damaged and how long it will take to repair them. Naturally,
639 repairs proceed faster at a starbase.</para>
641 <para>If you suffer damages while moving, it is possible that a subsequent
642 damage report will not show any damage. This happens if the time
643 spent on the move exceeds the repair time, since in this case the
644 damaged devices were fixed en route.</para>
646 <para>Damage reports are free. They use no energy or time, and can be done
647 safely even in the midst of battle.</para>
650 <sect1><title>Move Under Warp Drive</title>
654 Shortest abbreviation: M
655 Full command: MOVE MANUAL <displacement>
656 MOVE AUTOMATIC <destination>
659 <para>This command is the usual way to move from one place to another
660 within the galaxy. You move under warp drive, according to the
661 current warp factor (see <quote>WARP FACTOR</quote>).</para>
663 <para>There are two command modes for movement: MANUAL and AUTOMATIC.
664 The manual mode requires the following format:</para>
667 MOVE MANUAL <deltax> <deltay>
670 <para><deltax> and <deltay> are the horizontal and vertical
671 displacements for your starship, in quadrants; a displacement of one
672 sector is 0.1 quadrants. Specifying <deltax> and <deltay>
673 causes your ship to move in a straight line to the specified
674 destination. If <deltay> is omitted, it is assumed zero. For
675 example, the shortest possible command to move one sector to the right
682 <para>The following examples of manual movement refer to the short-range
683 scan shown earlier.</para>
686 Destination Sector Manual Movement command
691 (leaving quadrant) M M 0 .2
694 <para>The automatic mode is as follows:</para>
697 MOVE AUTOMATIC <qrow> <qcol> <srow> <scol>
700 <para><para>where <qrow> and <qcol> are the row and column
701 numbers of the destination quadrant, and <srow> and <scol>
702 are the row and column numbers of the destination sector in that
703 quadrant. This command also moves your ship in a straight line path
704 to the destination. For moving within a quadrant, <qrow> and
705 <qcol> may be omitted. For example, to move to sector 2 - 9 in
706 the current quadrant, the shortest command would be</para>
712 <para>To move to quadrant 3 - 7, sector 5 - 8, type</para>
718 <para>and it will be done. In automatic mode, either two or four numbers
719 must be supplied.</para>
721 <para>Automatic mode utilizes the ship's <quote>battle
722 computer.</quote> If the computer is damaged, manual movement must be
725 <para>If warp engines are damaged less than 10 stardates (undocked) you can
726 still go warp 4.</para>
728 <para>It uses time and energy to move. How much time and how much energy
729 depends on your current warp factor, the distance you move, and
730 whether your shields are up. The higher the warp factor, the faster
731 you move, but higher warp factors require more energy. You may move
732 with your shields up, but this doubles the energy required.</para>
734 <para>You can move within a quadrant without being attacked if you just
735 entered the quadrant or have been attacked since your last move
736 command. This enables you to move and hit them before they
740 <sect1><title>Warp Factor</title>
744 Shortest abbreviation: W
745 Full command: WARP <number>
748 <para>Your warp factor controls the speed of your starship. The larger the
749 warp factor, the faster you go and the more energy you use.</para>
751 <para>Your minimum warp factor is 1.0 and your maximum warp factor is 10.0
752 (which is 100 times as fast and uses 1000 times as much energy). At
753 speeds above warp 6 there is some danger of causing damage to your
754 warp engines; this damage is larger at higher warp factors and also
755 depends on how far you go at that warp factor.</para>
757 <para>At exactly warp 10 there is some probability of entering a
758 so-called <quote>time warp</quote> and being thrown foward or backward
759 in time. The farther you go at warp 10, the greater is the
760 probability of entering the time warp.</para>
763 <sect1><title>Impulse Engines</title>
767 Shortest abbreviation: I
768 Full command: IMPULSE MANUAL <displacement>
769 IMPULSE AUTOMATIC <destination>
772 <para>The impulse engines give you a way to move when your warp engines are
773 damaged. They move you at a speed of 0.95 sectors per stardate,
774 which is the equivalent of a warp factor of about 0.975, so they are
775 much too slow to use except in emergencies.</para>
777 <para>Movement commands are indicated just as in the <quote>MOVE</quote> command.</para>
779 <para>The impulse engines require 20 units of energy to engage, plus 10
780 units per sector (100 units per quadrant) traveled. It does not cost
781 extra to move with the shields up.</para>
784 <sect1><title>Deflector Shields</title>
788 Shortest abbreviation: SH
789 Full commands: SHIELDS UP
791 SHIELDS TRANSFER <amount of energy to transfer>
794 <para>Your deflector shields are a defensive device to protect you from
795 Klingon attacks (and nearby novas). As the shields protect you, they
796 gradually weaken. A shield strength of 75%, for example, means that
797 the next time a Klingon hits you, your shields will deflect 75% of
798 the hit, and let 25% get through to hurt you.</para>
800 <para>It costs 50 units of energy to raise shields, nothing to lower them.
801 You may move with your shields up; this costs nothing under impulse
802 power, but doubles the energy required for warp drive.</para>
804 <para>Each time you raise or lower your shields, the Klingons have another
805 chance to attack. Since shields do not raise and lower
806 instantaneously, the hits you receive will be intermediate between
807 what they would be if the shields were completely up or completely
810 <para>You may not fire phasers through your shields. However you may
811 use the <quote>high-speed shield control</quote> to lower shields,
812 fire phasers, and raise the shields again before the Klingons can
813 react. Since rapid lowering and raising of the shields requires more
814 energy than normal speed operation, it costs you 200 units of energy
815 to activate this control. It is automatically activated when you fire
816 phasers while shields are up. You may fire photon torpedoes, but they
817 may be deflected considerably from their intended course as they pass
818 through the shields (depending on shield strength).</para>
820 <para>You may transfer energy beteen the ship's energy (given as
821 <quote>Energy</quote> in the status) and the shields. The word
822 <quote>TRANSFER</quote> may be abbreviated <quote>T</quote>. The
823 ammount of energy to transfer is the number of units of energy you
824 wish to take from the ship's energy and put into the shields. If you
825 specify an negative number, energy is drained from the shields to the
826 ship. Transfering energy constitutes a turn. If you transfer energy
827 to the shields while you are under attack, they will be at the new
828 energy level when you are next hit.</para>
830 <para>Enemy torpedoes hitting your ship explode on your shields (if they
831 are up) and have essentially the same effect as phaser hits.</para>
834 <sect1><title>Phasers</title>
838 Shortest abbreviation: P
839 Full commands: PHASERS AUTOMATIC <AMOUNT TO FIRE> <NO>
840 PHASERS <AMOUNT TO FIRE> <NO>
841 PHASERS MANUAL <NO> <AMOUNT 1> <AMOUNT 2>...<AMOUNT N>
844 <para>Phasers are energy weapons. As you fire phasers at Klingons, you
845 specify an <quote>amount to fire</quote> which is drawn from your
846 energy reserves. The amount of total hit required to kill an enemy is
847 partly random. but also depends on skill level.</para>
849 <para>The average hit required to kill an ordinary Klingon varies from 200
850 units in the Novice game to 250 units in the Emeritus game.
851 Commanders normally require from 600 (Novice) to 700 (Emeritus). The
852 Super-commander requres from 875 (Good) to 1000 (Emeritus). Romulans
853 require an average of 350 (Novice) to 450 (Emeritus).</para>
855 <para>Hits on enemies are cumulative, as long as you don't leave the
858 <para>In general, not all that you fire will reach the Klingons. The
859 farther away they are, the less phaser energy will reach them. If a
860 Klingon is adjacent to you, he will receive about 90% of the phaser
861 energy directed at him; a Klingon 5 sectors away will receive about
862 60% and a Klingon 10 sectors away will receive about 35%. There is
863 some randomness involved, so these figures are not exact. Phasers
864 have no effect beyond the boundaries of the quadrant you are in.</para>
866 <para>Phasers may overheat (and be damaged) if you fire too large a burst
867 at once. Firing up to 1500 units is safe. From 1500 on up the
868 probability of overheat increases with the amount fired.</para>
870 <para>If phaser firing is automatic, the computer decides how to
871 divide up your <amount to fire> among the Klingons present. If
872 phaser firing is manual, you specify how much energy to fire at each
873 Klingon present (nearest first), rather than just specifying a total
874 amount. You can abreviate <quote>MANUAL</quote> and
875 <quote>AUTOMATIC</quote> to one or more letters; if you mention
876 neither, automatic fire is usually assumed.</para>
878 <para>Battle computer information is available by firing phasers manually,
879 and allowing the computer to prompt you. If you enter zero for the
880 amount to fire at each enemy, you will get a complete report, without
881 cost. The battle computer will tell you how much phaser energy to
882 fire at each enemy for a sure kill. This information appears in
883 parentheses prior to the prompt for each enemy. Since the amount is
884 computed from sensor data, if either the computer or the S.R. sensors
885 are damaged, this information will be unavailable, and phasers must
886 be fired manually.</para>
888 <para>A safety interlock prevents phasers from being fired through
889 the shields. If this were not so, the shields would contain your fire
890 and you would fry yourself. However, you may utilize the
891 <quote>high-speed shield control</quote> to drop shields, fire
892 phasers, and raise shields before the enemy can react. Since it takes
893 more energy to work the shields rapidly with a shot, it costs you 200
894 units of energy each time you activate this control. It is
895 automatically activated when you fire phasers while the shields are
896 up. By specifying the <no> option, shields are not raised after
899 <para>Phasers have no effect on starbases (which are shielded) or on
903 <sect1><title>Report</title>
907 Shortest abbreviation: REP
910 <para>This command supplies you with information about the state of the
911 current game. Its purpose is to remind you of things that you have
912 learned during play, but may have forgotten, and cannot otherwise
913 retrieve if you are not playing at a hard-copy terminal.</para>
915 <para>You are told the following things:</para>
918 <listitem><para>The length and skill level of the game you are playing</para></listitem>
919 <listitem><para>The original number of Klingons</para></listitem>
920 <listitem><para>How many Klingons you have destroyed</para></listitem>
921 <listitem><para>Whether the Super-Commander has been destroyed</para></listitem>
922 <listitem><para>How many bases have been destroyed</para></listitem>
923 <listitem><para>How many bases are left</para></listitem>
924 <listitem><para>What bases (if any) are under attack; your subspace radio
925 must have been working since the attack to get this
926 information.</para></listitem>
927 <listitem><para>How many casualties you have suffered</para></listitem>
928 <listitem><para>How many times you have called for help.</para></listitem>
931 <para>This same information is automatically given to you when you start to
932 play a frozen game.</para>
935 <sect1><title>Computer</title>
939 Shortest abbreviation: CO
942 <para>This command allows using the ship's computer (if functional) to
943 calculate travel times and energy usage.</para>
946 <sect1><title>Photon Torpedoes</title>
950 Shortest abbreviation: PHO
951 Full commands: PHOTONS <NUMBER> <TARG1> <TARG2> <TARG3>
954 <para>Photon torpedoes are projectile weapons—you either hit what you aim
955 at, or you don't. There are no <quote>partial hits</quote>.</para>
957 <para>One photon torpedo will usually kill one ordinary Klingon, but it
958 usually takes about two for a Klingon Commander. Photon torpedoes
959 can also blow up stars and starbases, if you aren't careful.</para>
961 <para>You may fire photon torpedoes singly, or in bursts of two or three.
962 Each torpedo is individually targetable. The computer will prompt
963 you, asking for the target sector for each torpedo. Alternately, you
964 may specify each target in the command line.</para>
966 <para>Photon torpedoes cannot be aimed precisely—there is always some
967 randomness involved in the direction they go. Photon torpedoes may
968 be fired with your shields up, but as they pass through the shields
969 they are randomly deflected from their intended course even more.</para>
971 <para>Photon torpedoes are proximity-fused. The closer they explode to the
972 enemy, the more damage they do. There is a hit <quote>window</quote> about one
973 sector wide. If the torpedo misses the hit window, it does not
974 explode and the enemy is unaffected. Photon torpedoes are only
975 effective within the quadrant. They have no effect on things in
976 adjacent quadrants.</para>
978 <para>If more than one torpedo is fired and only one target sector is
979 specified, all torpedoes are fired at that sector. For example, to
980 fire two torpedoes at sector 3 - 4, you type</para>
983 PHO 2 3 4 (or) PHO 2 3 4 3 4
986 <para>To fire torpedoes at, consecutively, sectors 2 - 6, 1 - 10, and 4 -
993 <para>There is no restriction to fire directly at a sector. For example,
1000 <para>to aim between two sectors. However, sector numbers must be 1 to 10
1004 <sect1><title>Dock at Starbase</title>
1008 Shortest abbreviation: D
1011 <para>You may dock your starship whenever you are in one of the eight
1012 sector positions immediately adjacent to a starbase. When you dock,
1013 your starship is resupplied with energy, shield energy photon
1014 torpedoes, and life support reserves. Repairs also proceed faster at
1015 starbase, so if some of your devices are damaged, you may wish to stay
1016 at base (by using the <quote>REST</quote> command) until they are
1017 fixed. If your ship has more than its normal maximum energy (which
1018 can happen if you've loaded crystals) the ship's energy is not
1021 <para>You may not dock while in standard orbit around a planet.</para>
1023 <para>Starbases have their own deflector shields, so you are completely
1024 safe from phaser attack while docked. You are also safe from
1025 long-range tractor beams.</para>
1027 <para>Starbases also have both short and long range sensors, which you can
1028 use if yours are broken. There's also a subspace radio to get
1029 information about happenings in the galaxy. Mr. Spock will update the
1030 star chart if your ask for it while docked and your own radio is dead.</para>
1033 <sect1><title>Rest</title>
1037 Shortest abbreviation: R
1038 Full command: REST <NUMBER-OF-STARDATES>
1041 <para>This command simply allows the specified number of stardates to go
1042 by. This is useful if you have suffered damages and wish to wait
1043 until repairs are made before you go back into battle.</para>
1045 <para>It is not generally advisable to rest while you are under attack by
1046 Klingons or Romulans.</para>
1049 <sect1><title>Call Starbase for Help</title>
1056 <para>[Originally, this command was called <quote>HELP</quote>, but
1057 these days that might be misconstrued as an attempt to browse built-in
1058 documentation! In some later versions it was CALL.]</para>
1060 <para>When you get into serious trouble, you may call a starbase for
1061 help. Starbases have a device called a <quote>long-range transporter
1062 beam</quote> which they can use to teleport you to base. This works
1063 by dematerializing your starship at its current position and
1064 re-materializing it adjacent to the nearest starbase. Teleportation
1065 is instantaneous, and starbase supplies the required energy—all
1066 you have to do is let them know (via subspace radio) that you need to
1069 <para>This command should be employed only when absolutely necessary. In
1070 the first place, calling for help is an admission on your part that
1071 you got yourself into something you cannot get yourself out of, and
1072 you are heavily penalized for this in the final scoring. Secondly,
1073 the long-range transporter beam is not reliable—starbase can always
1074 manage to dematerialize your starship, but (depending on distance)
1075 may or may not be able to re-materialize you again. The long-range
1076 transporter beam has no absolute maximum range; if you are in the
1077 same quadrant as a starbase, you have a good chance (about 90%) of
1078 re-materializing successfully. your chances drop to roughly 50-50 at
1079 just over 3 quadrants.</para>
1082 <sect1><title>Abandon Ship</title>
1089 <para>You may abandon the Enterprise if necessary. If there is still a
1090 starbase in the galaxy, you will be sent there and put in charge of a
1091 weaker ship, the Faerie Queene.</para>
1093 <para>The Faerie Queene cannot be abandoned.</para>
1096 <sect1><title>Self-Destruct</title>
1103 <para>You may self-destruct, thus killing yourself and ending the game. If
1104 there are nearby Klingons, you may take a few of them with you (the
1105 more energy you have left, the bigger the bang).</para>
1107 <para>In order to self-destruct you must remember the password you typed in
1108 at the beginning of the game.</para>
1111 <sect1><title>Quit Game</title>
1118 <para>Immediately cancel the current game; no conclusion is reached. You
1119 will be given an opportunity to start a new game or to leave the Star
1120 Trek program.</para>
1123 <sect1><title>Sensor-Scan</title>
1127 Shortest abbreviation: SE
1130 <para>Utilizing the short-range sensors, science officer Spock gives you a
1131 readout on any planet in your quadrant. Planets come in three
1132 classes: M, N, and O. Only class M planets have earth-like
1133 conditions. Spock informs you if the planet has any dilithium
1134 crystals. Sensor scans are free.</para>
1137 <sect1><title>Enter Standard Orbit</title>
1141 Shortest abbreviation: O
1144 <para>To land on a planet you must first be in standard orbit. You achieve
1145 this in a manner similar to docking at starbase. Moving to one of
1146 the eight sector positions immediately adjacent to the planet, you
1147 give the orbit command which puts your ship into standard orbit about
1148 the planet. Since this is a maneuver, a small amount of time is
1149 used; negligible energy is required. If enemies are present, they
1153 <sect1><title>Transporter Travel</title>
1157 Shortest abbreviation: T
1160 <para>The transporter is a device which can convert any physical object
1161 into energy, beam the energy through space, and reconstruct the
1162 physical object at some destination. Transporting is one way to land
1163 on a planet. Since the transporter has a limited range, you must be
1164 in standard orbit to beam down to a planet. Shields must be down
1165 while transporting.</para>
1167 <para>The transport command is used to beam a landing party onto a planet
1168 to mine <quote>dilithium crystals</quote>. Each time the command is given the
1169 landing party (which you lead) moves from the ship to the planet, or
1172 <para>You are advised against needless transporting, since like all
1173 devices, the transporter will sometimes malfunction.</para>
1175 <para>The transporter consumes negligible time and energy. Its use does
1176 not constitute a <quote>turn</quote>.</para>
1179 <sect1><title>Shuttle Craft</title>
1183 Shortest abbreviation: SHU
1186 <para>An alternate way to travel to and from planets. Because of limited
1187 range, you must be in standard orbit to use the shuttle craft, named
1188 "Galileo". Shields must be down.</para>
1190 <para>Unlike transporting, use of the shuttle craft does constitute a
1191 <quote>turn</quote> since time is consumed. The time naturally
1192 depends on orbit altitude, and is equal to 3.0e-5 times altitude.
1193 Shuttling uses no ship energy.</para>
1195 <para>You should use the same travel device going from the planet to the
1196 ship as you use to go from the ship to the planet. However it is
1197 possible to transport to the planet and have the Galileo crew come
1198 and pick your landing party up, or to take the Galileo to the planet
1199 and then transport back, leaving the shuttle craft on the planet.</para>
1202 <sect1><title>Mine Dilithium Crystals</title>
1206 Shortest abbreviation: MI
1209 <para>Once you and your mining party are on the surface of a planet which
1210 has dilithium crystals, this command will dig them for you.</para>
1212 <para>Mining requires time and constitutes a <quote>turn</quote>. No
1213 energy is used. Class M planets require 0.1 to 0.3 stardates to mine.
1214 Class N planets take twice as long, and class O planets take three
1215 times as long.</para>
1217 <para>Dilithium crystals contain enormous energy in a form that is readily
1218 released in the ship's power system. It is an excellent idea to mine
1219 them whenever possible, for use in emergencies. You keep the
1220 crystals until the game is over or you abandon ship when not at a
1224 <sect1><title>Load Dilithium Crystals</title>
1228 Shortest abbreviation: CR
1231 <para>This is a very powerful command which should be used with caution.
1232 Once you have dilithium crystals aboard ship, this command will
1233 instruct engineering officer Scott and Mr. Spock to place a raw
1234 dilithium crystal into the power channel of the ship's
1235 matter-antimatter converter. When it works, this command will
1236 greatly boost the ship's energy.</para>
1238 <para>Because the crystals are raw and impure, instabilities can occur in
1239 the power channel. Usually Scotty can control these. When he
1240 cannot, the results are disastrous. Scotty will use those crystals
1241 that appear to be most stable first.</para>
1243 <para>Since using raw dilithium crystals for this purpose entails
1244 considerable risk, Starfleet Regulations allow its use only during
1245 "condition yellow". No time or energy is used.</para>
1248 <sect1><title>Planet Report</title>
1252 Shortest abbreviation: PL
1255 <para>Mr. Spock presents you a list of the available information on
1256 planets in the galaxy which are potential dilithium sources. Since
1257 planets do not show up on long-range scans, the only way to obtain
1258 this information is with the <quote>SENSORS</quote> command.</para>
1261 <sect1 id="freeze"><title>Freeze</title>
1266 Full command: FREEZE <FILE NAME>
1269 <para>The purpose of the FREEZE command is to allow a player to save the
1270 current state of the game, so that it can be finished later. A
1271 plaque may not be generated from a frozen game. A file with the
1272 specified <file name> and type '.TRK' is created (if necessary) in
1273 the current directory, and all pertinent information about the game
1274 is written to that file. The game may be continued as usual or be
1275 terminated at the user's option.</para>
1277 <para>To restart a game created by the <quote>FREEZE</quote> command,
1278 the user need only type <quote>FROZEN</quote> in response to the
1279 initial question about the type of game desired, followed by the
1280 <file name>.</para>
1282 <para>NOTE: A <quote>tournament</quote> game is like a frozen game,
1283 with the following differences. (1) Tournament games always start
1284 from the beginning, while a frozen game can start at any point. (2)
1285 Tournament games require only that the player remember the name or
1286 number of the tournament, while the information about a frozen game
1287 must be kept on a file. Tournament games can be frozen, but then they
1288 behave like regular frozen games.</para>
1290 <para>A point worth noting is that 'FREEZE' does not save the seed for the
1291 random number generator, so that identical actions after restarting
1292 the same frozen game can lead to different results. However,
1293 identical actions after starting a given tournament game always lead
1294 to the same results.</para>
1297 <sect1><title>Request</title>
1301 Shortest abbreviation: REQ
1302 Full command: REQUEST <ITEM>
1305 <!-- This is new in SST 2K -->
1306 <para>If you are using the screen-oriented interface, this command is
1307 suppressed; instead, a full status report will always be present on the
1310 <para>This command allows you to get any single piece of information
1311 from the <STATUS> command. <ITEM> specifies which
1312 information as follows:</para>
1318 <entry>Information</entry>
1319 <entry>Mnemonic for <item></entry>
1320 <entry>Shortest Abbreviation</entry>
1324 <row><entry>STARDATE</entry> <entry>DATE</entry> <entry>D</entry></row>
1325 <row><entry>CONDITION</entry> <entry>CONDITION</entry> <entry>C</entry></row>
1326 <row><entry>POSITION</entry> <entry>POSITION</entry> <entry>P</entry></row>
1327 <row><entry>LIFE SUPPORT</entry><entry>LSUPPORT</entry> <entry>L</entry></row>
1328 <row><entry>WARP FACTOR</entry> <entry>WARPFACTOR</entry><entry>W</entry></row>
1329 <row><entry>ENERGY</entry> <entry>ENERGY</entry> <entry>E</entry></row>
1330 <row><entry>TORPEDOES</entry> <entry>TORPEDOES</entry> <entry>T</entry></row>
1331 <row><entry>SHIELDS</entry> <entry>SHIELDS</entry> <entry>S</entry></row>
1332 <row><entry>KLINGONS LEFT</entry><entry>KLINGONS</entry> <entry>K</entry></row>
1333 <row><entry>TIME LEFT</entry> <entry>TIME</entry> <entry>TI</entry></row>
1334 <row><entry>BASES LEFT</entry> <entry>BASES</entry> <entry>BA</entry></row>
1340 <sect1><title>Experimental Death Ray</title>
1347 <para>This command should be used only in those desperate cases where
1348 you have absolutely no alternative. The death ray uses energy to
1349 rearrange matter. Unfortunately, its working principles are not yet
1350 thoroughly understood, and the results are highly
1351 unpredictable.</para>
1353 <para>The only good thing that can result is the destruction of all
1354 enemies in your current quadrant. This will happen about 70% of the
1355 time. Only enemies are destroyed; starbases, stars, and planets are
1358 <para>Constituting the remaining 30% are results varying from bad to
1361 <para>The death ray requires no energy or time, but if you survive, enemies
1362 will hit you.</para>
1364 <para>The Faerie Queene has no death ray.</para>
1366 <para>If the death ray is damaged in its use, it must be totally replaced.
1367 This can only be done at starbase. Because it is a very complex
1368 device, it takes 9.99 stardates at base to replace the death ray.
1369 The death ray cannot be repaired in flight.</para>
1372 <sect1><title>Launch Deep Space Probe</title>
1376 Shortest abbreviation: PR
1377 Full command: PROBE <ARMED> MANUAL <displacement>
1378 PROBE <ARMED> AUTOMATIC <destination>
1381 <para>The Enterprise carries a limited number of Long Range Probes. These
1382 fly to the end of the galaxy and report back a count of the number of
1383 important things found in each quadrant through which it went. The
1384 probe flies at warp 10, and therefore uses time during its flight.
1385 Results are reported immediately via subspace radio and are recorded
1386 in the star chart.</para>
1388 <para>The probe can also be armed with a NOVAMAX warhead. When launched
1389 with the warhead armed, the probe flies the same except as soon as it
1390 reaches the target location, it detonates the warhead in the heart of
1391 a star, causing a supernova and destroying everything in the
1392 quadrant. It then flies no further. There must be a star in the
1393 target quadrant for the NOVAMAX to function. </para>
1395 <para>The probe can fly around objects in a galaxy, but is destroyed if it
1396 enters a quadrant containing a supernova, or if it leaves the galaxy.</para>
1398 <para>The target location is specified in the same manner as the MOVE
1399 command, however for automatic movement, if only one pair of
1400 coordinates are specified they are assumed to be the quadrant and not
1401 the sector in the current quadrant!</para>
1403 <para>The Faerie Queene has no probes.</para>
1406 <sect1><title>Emergency Exit</title>
1410 Shortest abbreviation: E
1413 <para>This command provides a quick way to exit from the game when you
1414 observe a Klingon battle cruiser approaching your terminal. Its
1415 effect is to freeze the game on the file 'EMSAVE.TRK' in your current
1416 directory, erase the screen, and exit.</para>
1418 <para>Of course, you do lose the chance to get a plaque when you use this
1422 <sect1><title>Ask for Help</title>
1426 Full command: HELP <command>
1429 <para>This command reads the appropriate section from the SST.DOC file,
1430 providing the file is in the current directory.</para>
1434 <chapter><title>Miscellaneous Notes</title>
1436 <para>Starbases can be attacked by either commanders or by the
1437 <quote>Super-Commander</quote>. When this happens, you will be
1438 notified by subspace radio, provided it is working. The message will
1439 inform you how long the base under attack can last. Since the
1440 <quote>Super-Commander</quote> is more powerful than an ordinary
1441 commander, he can destroy a base more quickly.</para>
1443 <para>The <quote>Super-Commander</quote> travels around the galaxy at
1444 a speed of about warp 6 or 7. His movement is strictly time based;
1445 the more time passes, the further he can go.</para>
1447 <para>Scattered through the galaxy are certain zones of control,
1448 collectively designated the <quote>Romulan Neutral Zone</quote>. Any
1449 quadrant which contains Romulans without Klingons is part of the
1450 Neutral Zone, except if a base is present. Since Romulans do not show
1451 on either the long-range scan or the star chart, it is easy for you to
1452 stumble into this zone. When you do, if your subspace radio is
1453 working, you will receive a warning message from the Romulan, politely
1454 asking you to leave.</para>
1456 <para>In general, Romulans are a galactic nuisance.</para>
1458 <para>The high-speed shield control is fairly reliable, but it has been
1459 known to malfunction.</para>
1461 <para>You can observe the galactic movements of the
1462 <quote>Super-Commander</quote> on the star chart, provided he is in
1463 territory you have scanned and your subspace radio is working.</para>
1465 <para>Periodically, you will receive intelligence reports from
1466 starfleet command, indicating the current quadrant of the
1467 <quote>Super-Commander</quote>. Your subspace radio must be working,
1470 <para>Each quadrant will contain from 0 to 3 black holes. Torpedoes
1471 entering a black hole disappear. In fact, anything entering a black
1472 hole disappears, permanently. If you can displace an enemy into one,
1473 he is a goner. Black holes do not necessarily remain in a quadrant.
1474 they are transient phenomena.</para>
1476 <para>Commanders will ram your ship, killing themselves and inflicting
1477 heavy damage to you, if they should happen to decide to advance into
1480 <para>You can get a list of commands by typing
1481 <quote>COMMANDS</quote>.</para>
1484 <chapter><title>Scoring</title>
1486 <para>Scoring is fairly simple. You get points for good things, and you
1487 lose points for bad things.</para>
1489 <para>You gain—</para>
1492 <listitem><para>10 points for each ordinary Klingon you kill,</para></listitem>
1493 <listitem><para>50 points for each commander you kill,</para></listitem>
1494 <listitem><para>200 points for killing the <quote>Super-Commander</quote>,</para></listitem>
1495 <listitem><para>20 points for each Romulan killed,</para></listitem>
1496 <listitem><para>1 point for each Romulan captured.</para></listitem>
1498 <para>100 times your average Klingon/stardate kill rate. If you lose
1499 the game, your kill rate is based on a minimum of 5 stardates.</para>
1502 <para>You get a bonus if you win the game, based on your rating:</para>
1503 <para>Novice=100, Fair=200, Good=300, Expert=400, Emeritus=500.</para>
1507 <para>You lose—</para>
1510 <listitem><para>200 points if you get yourself killed,</para></listitem>
1511 <listitem><para>100 points for each starbase you destroy,</para></listitem>
1512 <listitem><para>100 points for each starship you lose,</para></listitem>
1513 <listitem><para>45 points for each time you had to call for help,</para></listitem>
1514 <listitem><para>10 points for each planet you destroyed,</para></listitem>
1515 <listitem><para>5 points for each star you destroyed, and</para></listitem>
1516 <listitem><para>1 point for each casualty you incurred.</para></listitem>
1519 <para>In addition to your score, you may also be promoted one grade in rank
1520 if you play well enough. Promotion is based primarily on your
1521 Klingon/stardate kill rate, since this is the best indicator of
1522 whether you are ready to go on to the next higher rating. However,
1523 if you have lost 100 or more points in penalties, the required kill
1524 rate goes up. Normally, the required kill rate is 0.1 * skill *
1525 (skill + 1.0) + 0.1, where skill ranges from 1 for Novice to 5 for
1528 <para>You can be promoted from any level. There is a special
1529 promotion available if you go beyond the <quote>Expert</quote> range.
1530 You can also have a certificate of merit printed with your name, date,
1531 and Klingon kill rate, provided you are promoted from either the
1532 <quote>Expert</quote> or <quote>Emeritus</quote> levels. You may need
1533 print the certificate to a file, import it into your word processor,
1534 selecting Courier 8pt font, and then print in <quote>landscape
1535 orientation</quote>.</para>
1536 <!-- The plaque used to require an 132 column printer. Stas changed that. -->
1539 <chapter><title>Handy Reference Page</title>
1541 <literallayout format='linespecific' class='monospaced'>
1542 ABBREV FULL COMMAND DEVICE USED
1543 ------ ------------ -----------
1544 ABANDON ABANDON shuttle craft
1546 CO COMPUTER computer
1549 DEATHRAY DEATHRAY (none)
1550 DESTRUCT DESTRUCT computer
1553 FREEZE FREEZE <FILE NAME> (none)
1554 I IMPULSE <MANUAL> <DISPLACEMENT> impulse engines
1555 IMPULSE AUTOMATIC <DESTINATION> impulse engines and computer
1556 L LRSCAN long-range sensors
1557 MAYDAY MAYDAY (for help) subspace radio
1559 M MOVE <MANUAL> <DISPLACEMENT> warp engines
1560 MOVE AUTOMATIC <DESTINATION> warp engines and computer
1561 O ORBIT warp or impulse engines
1562 P PHASERS <TOTAL AMOUNT> phasers and computer
1563 PHASERS AUTOMATIC <TOTAL AMOUNT> phasers, computer, sr sensors
1564 PHASERS MANUAL <AMT1> <AMT2> ... phasers
1565 PHO PHOTONS <NUMBER> <TARGETS> torpedo tubes
1567 PR PROBE <ARMED> <MANUAL> <DISPLACEMENT> probe launcher, radio
1568 PROBE <ARMED> AUTOMATIC <DESTINATION> launcher, radio, computer
1571 R REST <NUMBER OF STARDATES> (none)
1573 S SRSCAN <NO or CHART> short-range sensors
1574 SE SENSORS short-range sensors
1575 SH SHIELDS <UP, DOWN, or TRANSFER> deflector shields
1576 SHU SHUTTLE shuttle craft
1578 T TRANSPORT transporter
1579 W WARP <FACTOR> (none)
1581 L. R. Scan: thousands digit: supernova
1582 hundreds digit: Klingons
1583 tens digit: starbases
1585 period (.): digit not known (star chart only)
1587 Courses are given in manual mode in X - Y displacements; in automatic
1588 mode as destination quadrant and/or sector. Manual mode is default.
1589 Distances are given in quadrants. A distance of one sector is 0.1 quadrant.
1590 Ordinary Klingons have about 400 units of energy, Commanders about
1591 1200. Romulans normally have about 800 units of energy, and the
1592 (GULP) "Super-Commander" has about 1800.
1593 Phaser fire diminishes to about 60 percent at 5 sectors. Up to 1500
1594 units may be fired in a single burst without danger of overheat.
1595 Warp 6 is the fastest safe speed. At higher speeds, engine damage
1596 may occur. At warp 10 you may enter a time warp.
1597 Shields cost 50 units of energy to raise, and double the power
1598 requirements of moving under warp drive. Engaging the high-speed
1599 shield control requires 200 units of energy.
1600 Warp drive requires (distance)*(warp factor cubed) units of energy
1601 to travel at a speed of (warp factor squared)/10 quadrants per stardate.
1602 Impulse engines require 20 units to warm up, plus 100 units per
1603 quadrant. Speed is just under one sector per stardate.
1607 <chapter><title>Game History and Modifications</title>
1609 <sect1><title>Origins</title>
1611 <para>The original Star Trek seems to have been written by Mike
1612 Mayfield at the beginning of the 1970s. His first version was in
1613 BASIC for a Sigma 7 in 1971; in 1972 he rewrote it in Hewlett Packard
1614 BASIC. The source is <ulink
1615 url="&sst-site;www/historic/mayfield.basic">available</ulink> on the
1616 SST2K website. In January 1975 it became part of the DECUS library
1617 under the name <ulink
1618 url='http://www.trailing-edge.com/~shoppa/decus/110174.html'>SPACWR</ulink>.</para>
1620 <para>While some people claim to have recollections of playing Trek
1621 games in the late 1960s, the earlier ones seem actually to have been
1623 <ulink url='http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spacewar!'>
1624 SPACEWAR</ulink>, the earlier space-combat game on the
1625 PDP-1. Mayfield <ulink
1626 url='http://www3.sympatico.ca/maury/games/space/star_trek.html'>wrote
1627 in 2000</ulink> that he invented the Trek-style galactic grid, and the
1628 evidence seems to back that up. Some of the confusion probably stems
1629 from the fact that Mayfield's original and several early descendants
1630 were distributed under the name SPACWR.</para>
1632 <para>Many different versions radiated from Mayfield's original; most
1633 of the ones in BASIC are descended from a SPACWR version that David
1634 Ahl published in <citetitle>101 BASIC Computer Games</citetitle>,
1635 July 1973. This was a port of Mayfield's version obtained from the HP
1636 Contributed Programs library. </para>
1638 <para>Our SST2K is descended from a Taurus BASIC program by Grady
1639 Hicks dated 5 April 1973. This does not appear to have been derived
1640 from Ahl's SPACWR. The header says "GENERAL IDEA STOLEN FROM
1641 PENN. U.", and the game has several features not present in SPACEWR:
1642 notably, the Death Ray, ramming, and the Klingon summons to surrender.
1643 And, of course, it predates Ahl's book. The source is <ulink
1644 url="&sst-site;www/historic/UT-Trek.basic">available</ulink> on the
1645 SST2K website.</para>
1647 <para>Dave Matuszek, Paul Reynolds et. al. at UT Austin played the
1648 Hicks version on a CDC6600, but disliked the long load time and
1649 extreme slowness of the BASIC program. (David Matuszek notes that the
1650 Hicks version he played had a habit of throwing long quotes from
1651 Marcus Aurelius at the users, a feature he found intolerable on a TTY
1652 at 110 baud. It must, therefore, have been rather longer than the one
1655 <para>The Austin crew proceeded to write their own Trek game, loosely
1656 based on the Hicks version, in CDC6600 FORTRAN. Most of the code was
1657 written in 1973-1974. At that time, the game was just called "Star
1658 Trek"; the "Super" was added by later developers. In the rest of this
1659 history we'll call it the "UT FORTRAN" version.</para>
1661 <para>Dave Matuszek reports that the UT FORTRAN codebase he worked on
1662 in 1973-1974 was like Mayfield's original and most later versions in
1663 BASIC, in that it used used polar coordinates (a clockface angle
1664 and a distance) for manual navigation.</para>
1666 <para>At the time the UT FORTRAN source was last translated to C it emitted
1667 the message "Latest update-21 Sept 78". Thus, it actually predated
1668 (and may have influenced) the best-known BASIC version, the "Super
1669 Star Trek" published by David Ahl in his November 1978 sequel
1670 <citetitle>BASIC Computer Games</citetitle>.</para>
1672 <para>This 1978 "Super Star Trek" had been reworked by Robert Leedom
1673 and friends from (according to Leedom) Mayfield's HP port. There is
1674 internal evidence to suggest that at least some features of Leedom's
1675 SST may have derived from the UT FORTRAN version. In particular, Dave
1676 Matuszek recalls implementing command words to replace the original
1677 numeric command codes during 1973-1974, a feature Leedom's SST also
1678 had but the 1973 and 1975 SPACWRs did not.</para>
1680 <para>One signature trait of the UT FORTRAN game and its descendants
1681 is that the sectors are 10x10 (rather than the 8x8 in Mike Mayfield's
1682 1972 original and its BASIC descendants). The UT FORTRAN version also
1683 preserves the original numbered quadrants rather than the
1684 astronomically-named quadrants introduced in Ahl's SST and its
1687 <para>Eric Allman's BSD Trek game is one of these, also descended from
1688 the UT FORTRAN version via translation to C. However, the mainline version
1689 (now SST2K) has had a lot more stuff folded into it over the years
1690 — deep space probes, dilithium mining, the Tholian Web, and so
1694 <sect1><title>Tom Almy's story</title>
1696 <para>Back in (about) 1977 I got a copy of the Super Star Trek game for
1697 the CDC 6600 mainframe computer. Someone had converted it to PDP-11
1698 Fortran but couldn't get it to run because of its size. I modified
1699 the program to use overlays and managed to shoehorn it in on the 56k
1700 byte machine.</para>
1702 <para>I liked the game so much I put some time into fixing bugs, mainly
1703 what could be called continuity errors and loopholes in the game's
1704 logic. We even played a couple tournaments.</para>
1706 <para>In 1979, I lost access to that PDP-11. I did save the source code
1707 listing. In 1995, missing that old friend, I started converting the
1708 program into portable ANSI C. It's been slow, tedious work that took
1709 over a year to accomplish.</para>
1711 <para>In early 1997, I got the bright idea to look for references to
1712 <quote>Super Star Trek</quote> on the World Wide Web. There weren't
1713 many hits, but there was one that came up with 1979 Fortran sources!
1714 This version had a few additional features that mine didn't have,
1715 however mine had some feature it didn't have. So I merged its features
1716 that I liked. I also took a peek at the DECUS version (a port, less
1717 sources, to the PDP-10), and some other variations.</para>
1719 <para>Modifications I made:</para>
1721 <para>Compared to original version, I've changed the
1722 <quote>help</quote> command to <quote>call</quote> and the
1723 <quote>terminate</quote> command to <quote>quit</quote> to better
1724 match user expectations. The DECUS version apparently made those
1725 changes as well as changing <quote>freeze</quote> to
1726 <quote>save</quote>. However I like <quote>freeze</quote>.</para>
1728 <para>I added EMEXIT from the 1979 version.</para>
1730 <para>That later version also mentions srscan and lrscan working when
1731 docked (using the starbase's scanners), so I made some changes here
1732 to do this (and indicating that fact to the player), and then
1733 realized the base would have a subspace radio as well — doing a
1734 Chart when docked updates the star chart, and all radio reports will
1735 be heard. The Dock command will also give a report if a base is under
1738 <para>It also had some added logic to spread the initial positioning of
1739 bases. That made sense to add because most people abort games with
1740 bad base placement.</para>
1742 <para>The experimental deathray originally had only a 5% chance of success,
1743 but could be used repeatedly. I guess after a couple years of use, it
1744 was less <quote>experimental</quote> because the 1979 version had a 70% success
1745 rate. However it was prone to breaking after use. I upgraded the
1746 deathray, but kept the original set of failure modes (great humor!).</para>
1748 <para>I put in the Tholian Web code from the 1979 version.</para>
1750 <para>I added code so that Romulans and regular Klingons could move in
1751 advanced games. I re-enabled the code which allows enemy ships to
1752 ram the Enterprise; it had never worked right. The 1979 version
1753 seems to have it all fixed up, but I'm still not overly happy with
1754 the algorithm.</para>
1756 <para>The DECUS version had a Deep Space Probe. Looked like a good idea
1757 so I implemented it based on its description.</para>
1760 <sect1><title>Stas Sergeev's story</title>
1762 <para>I started from an older Tom Almy version and added features I had
1763 seen in other mainframe variants of the game, I wrote a screen-oriented
1764 interface for it based on the curses library.</para>
1768 <para>The Space Thingy can be shoved, if you ram it, and can fire back if
1772 <para>The Tholian can be hit with phasers.</para>
1775 <para>When you are docked, base covers you with an almost invincible shields
1776 (a commander can still ram you, or a Romulan can destroy the base,
1777 or a SCom can even succeed with direct attack IIRC, but this rarely
1781 <para>SCom can't escape from you if no more enemies remain (without this,
1782 chasing SCom can take an eternity).</para>
1785 <para>Probe target you enter is now the destination quadrant. Before I don't
1786 remember what it was, but it was something I had difficulty using.</para>
1789 <para>Secret password is now autogenerated.</para>
1792 <para>Victory plaque is adjusted for A4 paper rather than 132-column greenbar
1796 <para>Phasers now tells you how much energy needed, but only if the computer
1800 <para>Planets are auto-scanned when you enter the quadrant.</para>
1803 <para>Mining or using crystals in presense of enemy now yields an attack.
1804 There are other minor adjustments to what yields an attack
1805 and what does not.</para>
1808 <para>Ramming a black hole is no longer instant death. There is a
1809 chance you might get timewarped instead.</para>
1812 <para>"freeze" command reverts to "save", most people will understand this
1813 better anyway.</para>
1816 <para>Screen-oriented interface, with sensor scans always up.</para>
1820 <para>My changes got merged into SST2K in 2005, and I work on it now.</para>
1823 <sect1><title>Eric Raymond's story</title>
1825 <para>I played the FORTRAN version of this game in the late 1970s on a
1826 DEC minicomputer. In the late 1980s Dave Matuszek and I became
1827 friends; I was vaguely aware that he had had something to do with the
1828 original Star Trek game. In October 2004, sitting in Dave's living
1829 room, we got to talking about the game and I realized it would make a
1830 great exhibit for the <ulink
1831 url='&retro;'>Retrocomputing Museum</ulink>.</para>
1833 <para>A few quick web searches later we found Tom Almy's page. We
1834 downloaded his code and Dave verified that that it was a direct
1835 descendent of UT Super Star Trek — even though it had been translated
1836 to C, he was able to recognize names and techniques from the FORTRAN
1837 version he co-wrote.</para>
1839 <para>This game became an open-source project; see the <ulink
1840 url='http://developer.berlios.de/projects/sst/'>project
1841 site</ulink>.</para>
1843 <para>After I launched the Berlios project, Stas Sergeev contacted me.
1844 We worked together to merge in his changes.</para>
1846 <para>Modifications I've made:</para>
1850 I converted the flat-text SST.DOC file to XML-Docbook so it can be
1851 webbed. (That's what you're reading now.)
1854 The command-help code needed a rewrite because the flat-text form of
1855 the documentation is now generated from XML and doesn't have the
1856 easily recognizable section delimiters it used to. I wrote a script
1857 to filter that flat-text form into an sst.doc that's easy to parse for
1858 command descriptions, and changed some logic in sst.c to match.
1861 I've cleaned up a lot of grubby FORTRANisms in the code internals —
1862 used sizeof(), replaced magic numeric constants with #defines,
1866 I fixed a surprising number of typos in the code and documentation.
1869 All the game state now lives in one big structure that can be
1870 written to and read from disk as one blob. The write gives it an
1871 an identifiable magic number and the thaw logic checks for same.
1874 I made the internal pager work, and in the process got rid of a number
1875 of platform dependencies in the code.
1878 The HELP/CALL/SOS command is now MAYDAY.
1881 Status report now indicates if dilithium crystals are on board.
1884 At Dave's prompting, restored the Space Thingy's original elusive behavior.
1887 Clean separation of game engine from the UI code, improving Stas
1888 Sergeev's excellent work on the curses interface.
1892 <para>Here are some good pages on the history of Star Trek games:</para>
1896 <ulink url='http://www.dunnington.u-net.com/public/startrek/'>http://www.dunnington.u-net.com/public/startrek/</ulink>
1899 <ulink url='http://www3.sympatico.ca/maury/games/space/star_trek.html'>http://www3.sympatico.ca/maury/games/space/star_trek.html</ulink>
1902 <ulink url='http://www.cactus.org/%7Enystrom/startrek.html'>http://www.cactus.org/%7Enystrom/startrek.html</ulink>
1907 <sect1><title>Authors' Acknowledgments</title>
1909 <para>These are the original acknowledgments by Dave Matuszek and Paul
1912 <para>The authors would like to thank Professor Michael Duggan for his
1913 encouragement and administrative assistance with the development of
1914 the Star Trek game, without which it might never have been completed.</para>
1916 <para>Much credit is due to Patrick McGehearty and Rich Cohen, who assisted
1917 with the original design of the game and contributed greatly to its
1918 conceptual development.</para>
1920 <para>Thanks are also due to Carl Strange, Hardy Tichenor and Steven Bruell
1921 for their assistance with certain coding problems.</para>
1923 <para>This game was inspired by and rather loosely based on an earlier
1924 game, programmed in the BASIC language, by Jim Korp and Grady Hicks.
1925 It is the authors' understanding that the BASIC game was in turn
1926 derived from a still earlier version in use at Penn State University.</para>
1929 <sect1><title>References</title>
1932 <listitem><para><citetitle>Star Trek</citetitle> (the original television
1933 series), produced and directed by Gene Rodenberry.</para></listitem>
1935 <listitem><para><citetitle>Star Trek</citetitle> (the animated
1936 television series), produced by Gene Rodenberry and directed by Hal
1937 Sutherland. Also excellent, and not just kiddie fare. If you enjoyed
1938 the original series you should enjoy this one (unless you have some
1939 sort of a hangup about watching cartoons).</para></listitem>
1941 <listitem><para><citetitle>The Making of Star Trek</citetitle>, by
1942 Steven E. Whitfield and Gene Rodenberry. The best and most complete
1943 readily available book about Star Trek. (Ballantine
1944 Books)</para></listitem>
1946 <listitem><para><citetitle>The World of Star Trek</citetitle>, by
1947 David Gerrold. Similiar in scope to the above book.
1948 (Bantam)</para></listitem>
1950 <listitem><para><citetitle>The Star Trek Guide</citetitle>, third revision 4/17/67, by Gene
1951 Roddenberry. The original writer's guide for the television
1952 series, but less comprehensive than (3) above.
1953 (Norway Productions)</para></listitem>
1955 <listitem><para><citetitle>The Trouble With Tribbles</citetitle>, by
1956 David Gerrold. Includes the complete script of this popular show.
1957 (Ballantine Books)</para></listitem>
1959 <listitem><para><citetitle>Star Trek</citetitle>, <citetitle>Star Trek
1960 2</citetitle>, ..., <citetitle>Star Trek 9</citetitle>, by James
1961 Blish. The original shows in short story form.
1962 (Bantam)</para></listitem>
1964 <listitem><para><citetitle>Spock Must Die</citetitle>, by James Blish.
1965 An original novel, but rather similar to the show <citetitle>The Enemy
1966 Within</citetitle>. (Bantam)</para></listitem>
1968 <listitem><para>Model kits of the Enterprise and a <quote>Klingon
1969 Battle-Cruiser</quote> by AMT Corporation are available at most hobby
1970 shops.</para></listitem>
projects / super-star-trek.git / blob