2 * Mes --- Maxwell Equations of Software
3 * Copyright © 2016 Jan Nieuwenhuizen <janneke@gnu.org>
5 * This file is part of Mes.
7 * Mes is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
8 * under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
9 * the Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or (at
10 * your option) any later version.
12 * Mes is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
13 * WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
14 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
15 * GNU General Public License for more details.
17 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
18 * along with Mes. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
21 // (setq comment-start "//")
22 // (setq comment-end "")
24 * The Maxwell Equations of Software -- John McCarthy page 13
25 * http://www.softwarepreservation.org/projects/LISP/book/LISP%201.5%20Programmers%20Manual.pdf
46 enum type {ATOM, NUMBER, PAIR, FUNCTION0, FUNCTION1, FUNCTION2, FUNCTION3};
48 typedef struct scm_t* (*function0_t) (void);
49 typedef struct scm_t* (*function1_t) (struct scm_t*);
50 typedef struct scm_t* (*function2_t) (struct scm_t*, struct scm_t*);
51 typedef struct scm_t* (*function3_t) (struct scm_t*, struct scm_t*, struct scm_t*);
53 typedef struct scm_t {
61 function0_t function0;
62 function1_t function1;
63 function2_t function2;
64 function3_t function3;
69 scm scm_nil = {ATOM, "()"};
70 scm scm_dot = {ATOM, "."};
71 scm scm_t = {ATOM, "#t"};
72 scm scm_f = {ATOM, "#f"};
73 scm scm_lambda = {ATOM, "lambda"};
74 scm scm_label = {ATOM, "label"};
75 scm scm_unspecified = {ATOM, "*unspecified*"};
76 scm scm_symbol_cond = {ATOM, "cond"};
77 scm scm_symbol_quote = {ATOM, "quote"};
79 scm scm_symbol_quasiquote = {ATOM, "quasiquote"};
80 scm scm_symbol_unquote = {ATOM, "unquote"};
83 scm scm_macro = {ATOM, "*macro*"};
85 scm scm_symbol_current_module = {ATOM, "current-module"};
92 return x->type == PAIR ? &scm_f : &scm_t;
94 scm scm_atom = {FUNCTION1, .name="atom", .function1 = &atom_p};
99 assert (x->type == PAIR);
106 assert (x->type == PAIR);
111 cons (scm *x, scm *y)
113 scm *p = malloc (sizeof (scm));
121 eq_p (scm *x, scm *y)
124 || (x->type == NUMBER && y->type == NUMBER
125 && x->value == y->value)
126 // FIXME: alist lookup symbols
127 || (atom_p (x) == &scm_t
130 && atom_p (y) == &scm_t
131 && !strcmp (x->name, y->name)))
138 return eq_p (x, &scm_nil);
144 return x->type == PAIR ? &scm_t : &scm_f;
147 scm *eval (scm*, scm*);
155 return cons (&scm_quote, x);
163 return cons (&scm_unquote, x);
170 return cons (&scm_quasiquote, x);
173 scm *eval_quasiquote (scm *, scm *);
181 // Derived, non-primitives
182 scm *caar (scm *x) {return car (car (x));}
183 scm *cadr (scm *x) {return car (cdr (x));}
184 scm *cdar (scm *x) {return cdr (car (x));}
185 scm *cddr (scm *x) {return cdr (cdr (x));}
186 scm *caadr (scm *x) {return car (car (cdr (x)));}
187 scm *caddr (scm *x) {return car (cdr (cdr (x)));}
188 scm *cdadr (scm *x) {return cdr (car (cdr (x)));}
189 scm *cadar (scm *x) {return car (cdr (car (x)));}
190 scm *cddar (scm *x) {return cdr (cdr (car (x)));}
191 scm *cdddr (scm *x) {return cdr (cdr (cdr (x)));}
192 scm scm_caar = {FUNCTION1, .name="caar ", .function1 = &caar };
193 scm scm_cadr = {FUNCTION1, .name="cadr ", .function1 = &cadr };
194 scm scm_cdar = {FUNCTION1, .name="cdar ", .function1 = &cdar };
195 scm scm_cddr = {FUNCTION1, .name="cddr ", .function1 = &cddr };
196 scm scm_caadr = {FUNCTION1, .name="caadr", .function1 = &caadr};
197 scm scm_caddr = {FUNCTION1, .name="caddr", .function1 = &caddr};
198 scm scm_cdadr = {FUNCTION1, .name="cdadr", .function1 = &cdadr};
199 scm scm_cadar = {FUNCTION1, .name="cadar", .function1 = &cadar};
200 scm scm_cddar = {FUNCTION1, .name="cddar", .function1 = &cddar};
201 scm scm_cdddr = {FUNCTION1, .name="cdddr", .function1 = &cdddr};
210 while (x != &scm_unspecified)
213 x = va_arg (args, scm*);
219 scm* make_atom (char const *);
222 pairlis (scm *x, scm *y, scm *a)
225 printf ("pairlis x=");
233 if (atom_p (x) == &scm_t)
234 return cons (cons (x, y), a);
235 return cons (cons (car (x), car (y)),
236 pairlis (cdr (x), cdr (y), a));
238 scm scm_pairlis = {FUNCTION3, .name="pairlis", .function3 = &pairlis};
241 assoc (scm *x, scm *a)
245 printf ("alist miss: %s\n", x->name);
249 if (eq_p (caar (a), x) == &scm_t)
251 return assoc (x, cdr (a));
253 scm scm_assoc = {FUNCTION2, .name="assoc", .function2 = &assoc};
255 scm *apply (scm*, scm*, scm*);
256 scm *eval_ (scm*, scm*);
257 scm *apply_ (scm*, scm*, scm*);
260 eval_quote (scm *fn, scm *x)
262 return apply (fn, x, &scm_nil);
265 scm *builtin_p (scm*);
266 scm *call (scm *, scm*);
271 apply_ (scm *fn, scm *x, scm *a)
274 printf ("apply fn=");
280 if (atom_p (fn) != &scm_f)
282 if (fn == &scm_symbol_current_module) // FIXME
284 if (builtin_p (fn) == &scm_t)
286 return apply (eval (fn, a), x, a);
288 else if (car (fn) == &scm_lambda) {
289 scm *body = cddr (fn);
291 scm *ax = pairlis (cadr (fn), x, a);
292 scm *result = eval (car (body), ax);
293 if (cdr (body) == &scm_nil)
295 return apply (cons (car (fn), cons (cadr (fn), cdddr (fn))), x, ax);
297 else if (car (fn) == &scm_label)
298 return apply (caddr (fn), x, cons (cons (cadr (fn), caddr (fn)), a));
299 return &scm_unspecified;
302 scm *evcon (scm*, scm*);
303 scm *evlis (scm*, scm*);
306 eval_ (scm *e, scm *a)
313 if (e->type == NUMBER)
315 else if (atom_p (e) == &scm_t) {
316 scm *y = assoc (e, a);
318 printf ("eval: no such symbol: %s\n", e->name);
323 if (builtin_p (e) == &scm_t)
325 else if (atom_p (car (e)) == &scm_t)
330 if (car (e) == &scm_symbol_quote)
332 if (car (e) == &scm_lambda)
335 else if (car (e) == &scm_symbol_unquote)
336 return eval (cadr (e), a);
337 else if (car (e) == &scm_symbol_quasiquote) {
343 display (eval_quasiquote (cadr (e), a));
346 return eval_quasiquote (cadr (e), a);
349 else if (car (e) == &scm_symbol_cond)
350 return evcon (cdr (e), a);
352 else if ((macro = assoc (car (e), cdr (assoc (&scm_macro, a)))) != &scm_f)
353 return eval (apply_ (cdr (macro), cdr (e), a), a);
355 return apply (car (e), evlis (cdr (e), a), a);
357 return apply (car (e), evlis (cdr (e), a), a);
361 evcon_ (scm *c, scm *a)
364 printf ("evcon_ clause=");
368 if (eval (caar (c), a) != &scm_f) {
370 //if (fn != &scm_display && fn != &scm_call)
371 //if (fn != &scm_call)
372 printf ("#t clause=");
376 printf (" nil=%d", cddar (c) == &scm_nil);
379 if (cddar (c) == &scm_nil)
380 return eval (cadar (c), a);
382 return evcon_ (cons (cons (&scm_t, cddar (c)), &scm_nil), a);
384 return evcon_ (cdr (c), a);
388 evcon (scm *c, scm *a)
391 printf ("\n****evcon=");
395 return evcon_ (c, a);
398 scm scm_evcon = {FUNCTION2, .name="evcon", .function2 = &evcon};
401 evlis (scm *m, scm *a)
410 scm *e = eval (car (m), a);
411 return cons (e, evlis (cdr (m), a));
413 scm scm_evlis = {FUNCTION2, .name="evlis", .function2 = &evlis};
417 scm scm_car = {FUNCTION1, "car", .function1 = &car};
418 scm scm_cdr = {FUNCTION1, "cdr", .function1 = &cdr};
419 scm scm_cons = {FUNCTION2, "cons", .function2 = &cons};
420 scm scm_cond = {FUNCTION2, "cond", .function2 = &evcon};
421 scm scm_eq_p = {FUNCTION2, "eq", .function2 = &eq_p};
422 scm scm_null_p = {FUNCTION1, "null", .function1 = &null_p};
423 scm scm_pair_p = {FUNCTION1, "pair", .function1 = &pair_p};
424 scm scm_quote = {FUNCTION1, "quote", .function1 = "e};
427 scm scm_unquote = {FUNCTION1, "unquote", .function1 = &unquote};
428 scm scm_quasiquote = {FUNCTION1, "quasiquote", .function1 = &quasiquote};
431 scm scm_eval = {FUNCTION2, .name="eval", .function2 = &eval};
432 scm scm_apply = {FUNCTION3, .name="apply", .function3 = &apply};
434 scm scm_apply_ = {FUNCTION3, .name="c:apply", .function3 = &apply_};
435 scm scm_eval_ = {FUNCTION2, .name="c:eval", .function2 = &eval_};
442 return (x->type == FUNCTION0
443 || x->type == FUNCTION1
444 || x->type == FUNCTION2
445 || x->type == FUNCTION3)
448 scm scm_builtin_p = {FUNCTION1, .name="builtin", .function1 = &builtin_p};
453 return x->type == NUMBER ? &scm_t : &scm_f;
455 scm scm_number_p = {FUNCTION1, .name="number", .function1 = &number_p};
457 scm *display_helper (scm*, bool, char*, bool);
462 return display_helper (x, false, "", false);
464 scm scm_display = {FUNCTION1, .name="display", .function1 = &display};
466 scm *call (scm*, scm*);
467 scm scm_call = {FUNCTION2, .name="call", .function2 = &call};
470 call (scm *fn, scm *x)
473 //if (fn != &scm_display && fn != &scm_call)
474 //if (fn != &scm_call)
476 printf ("\ncall fn=");
483 if (fn->type == FUNCTION0)
484 return fn->function0 ();
485 if (fn->type == FUNCTION1)
486 return fn->function1 (car (x));
487 if (fn->type == FUNCTION2)
488 return fn->function2 (car (x), cadr (x));
489 if (fn->type == FUNCTION3)
490 return fn->function3 (car (x), cadr (x), caddr (x));
491 return &scm_unspecified;
495 append (scm *x, scm *y)
497 if (x == &scm_nil) return y;
498 assert (x->type == PAIR);
499 return cons (car (x), append (cdr (x), y));
501 scm scm_append = {FUNCTION2, .name="append", .function2 = &append};
505 make_atom (char const *s)
507 // TODO: alist lookup symbols
508 scm *p = malloc (sizeof (scm));
510 p->name = strdup (s);
517 scm *p = malloc (sizeof (scm));
524 lookup (char *x, scm *a)
526 if (isdigit (*x) || (*x == '-' && isdigit (*(x+1))))
527 return make_number (atoi (x));
528 if (*x == '\'') return &scm_symbol_quote;
530 if (!strcmp (x, scm_symbol_cond.name)) return &scm_symbol_cond;
531 if (!strcmp (x, scm_symbol_quote.name)) return &scm_symbol_quote;
532 if (!strcmp (x, scm_lambda.name)) return &scm_lambda;
533 if (!strcmp (x, scm_label.name)) return &scm_label;
534 if (!strcmp (x, scm_nil.name)) return &scm_nil;
537 if (*x == '`') return &scm_symbol_quasiquote;
538 if (*x == ',') return &scm_symbol_unquote;
539 if (!strcmp (x, scm_symbol_unquote.name)) return &scm_symbol_unquote;
540 if (!strcmp (x, scm_symbol_quasiquote.name)) return &scm_symbol_quasiquote;
543 return make_atom (x);
547 lookup_char (int c, scm *a)
552 return lookup (buf, a);
558 static char buf[256];
560 while (l != &scm_nil) {
562 assert (c->type == NUMBER);
571 builtin_lookup (scm *l, scm *a)
573 return lookup (list2str (l), a);
575 scm scm_lookup = {FUNCTION2, .name="lookup", .function2 = &builtin_lookup};
578 cossa (scm *x, scm *a)
580 if (a == &scm_nil) return &scm_f;
581 if (eq_p (cdar (a), x) == &scm_t)
583 return cossa (x, cdr (a));
590 return &scm_unspecified;
592 scm scm_newline = {FUNCTION0, .name="newline", .function0 = &newline};
595 display_helper (scm *x, bool cont, char *sep, bool quote)
599 if (x->type == NUMBER) printf ("%d", x->value);
600 else if (x->type == PAIR) {
602 if (car (x) == &scm_quote) {
604 return display_helper (car (cdr (x)), cont, "", true);
607 if (car (x) == &scm_symbol_quasiquote
608 || car (x) == &scm_quasiquote) {
610 return display_helper (car (cdr (x)), cont, "", true);
612 if (car (x) == &scm_symbol_unquote
613 || car (x) == &scm_unquote) {
615 return display_helper (car (cdr (x)), cont, "", true);
619 if (!cont) printf ("(");
621 if (cdr (x)->type == PAIR)
622 display_helper (cdr (x), true, " ", false);
623 else if (cdr (x) != &scm_nil) {
627 if (!cont) printf (")");
629 else if (atom_p (x) == &scm_t) printf ("%s", x->name);
631 return &scm_unspecified;
639 return ungetc (c, stdin);
653 return make_number (getchar ());
655 scm scm_getchar = {FUNCTION0, .name="getchar", .function0 = &builtin_getchar};
660 return make_number (peekchar ());
662 scm scm_peekchar = {FUNCTION0, .name="peekchar", .function0 = &builtin_peekchar};
665 builtin_ungetchar (scm* c)
667 assert (c->type == NUMBER);
668 ungetchar (c->value);
671 scm scm_ungetchar = {FUNCTION1, .name="ungetchar", .function1 = &builtin_ungetchar};
676 if (c == '\n') return c;
677 return readcomment (getchar ());
683 if (c == '!' && peekchar () == '#') return getchar ();
684 return readblock (getchar ());
687 scm *readlis (scm *a);
690 readword (int c, char* w, scm *a)
692 if (c == EOF && !w) return &scm_nil;
693 if (c == '\n' && !w) return readword (getchar (), w, a);
694 if (c == '\n' && *w == '.' && w[1] == 0) return &scm_dot;
695 if (c == EOF || c == '\n') return lookup (w, a);
696 if (c == ' ') return readword ('\n', w, a);
697 if (c == '(' && !w) return readlis (a);
698 if (c == '(') {ungetchar (c); return lookup (w, a);}
699 if (c == ')' && !w) {ungetchar (c); return &scm_nil;}
700 if (c == ')') {ungetchar (c); return lookup (w, a);}
707 && !w) {return cons (lookup_char (c, a),
708 cons (readword (getchar (), w, a),
710 if (c == ';') {readcomment (c); return readword ('\n', w, a);}
711 if (c == '#' && peekchar () == '!') {getchar (); readblock (getchar ()); return readword (getchar (), w, a);}
714 return readword (getchar (), strncat (w ? w : buf, &ch, 1), a);
718 eat_whitespace (int c)
720 while (c == ' ' || c == '\n') c = getchar ();
721 if (c == ';') return eat_whitespace (readcomment (c));
722 if (c == '#' && peekchar () == '!') {getchar (); readblock (getchar ()); return eat_whitespace (getchar ());}
730 c = eat_whitespace (c);
731 if (c == ')') return &scm_nil;
732 scm *w = readword (c, 0, a);
734 return car (readlis (a));
735 return cons (w, readlis (a));
741 return readword (getchar (), 0, a);
743 scm scm_readenv = {FUNCTION1, .name="readenv", .function1 = &readenv};
745 // Extras to make interesting program
750 puts ("c: hello world");
751 return &scm_unspecified;
753 scm scm_hello_world = {FUNCTION0, .name="hello-world", .function0 = &hello_world};
757 less_p (scm *a, scm *b)
759 assert (a->type == NUMBER);
760 assert (b->type == NUMBER);
761 return a->value < b->value ? &scm_t : &scm_f;
765 minus (scm *a, scm *b)
768 printf ("\nminus a=");
774 assert (a->type == NUMBER);
775 assert (b->type == NUMBER);
776 //return make_number (a->value - b->value);
777 scm *r = make_number (a->value - b->value);
786 scm scm_less_p = {FUNCTION2, .name="<", .function2 = &less_p};
787 scm scm_minus = {FUNCTION2, .name="-", .function2 = &minus};
791 eval_quasiquote (scm *e, scm *a)
794 printf ("\nc:eval_quasiquote e=");
796 if (pair_p (e) == &scm_t) {
797 printf ("\ncar (e)=");
800 display (atom_p (car (e)));
804 if (e == &scm_nil) return e;
805 else if (atom_p (e) == &scm_t) return e;
806 else if (atom_p (car (e)) == &scm_t)
807 return cons (car (e), eval_quasiquote (cdr (e), a));
808 else if (eq_p (caar (e), &scm_symbol_unquote) == &scm_t)
809 return cons (eval (cadar (e), a), &scm_nil);
810 else if (eq_p (caar (e), &scm_symbol_quote) == &scm_t)
811 return cons (cadar (e), &scm_nil);
812 else if (eq_p (caar (e), &scm_symbol_quasiquote) == &scm_t)
814 return cons (car (e), eval_quasiquote (cdr (e), a));
816 scm scm_eval_quasiquote = {FUNCTION2, .name="c:eval-quasiquote", .function2 = &eval_quasiquote};
820 add_environment (scm *a, char *name, scm* x)
822 return cons (cons (make_atom (name), x), a);
826 initial_environment ()
830 a = add_environment (a, "()", &scm_nil);
831 a = add_environment (a, "#t", &scm_t);
832 a = add_environment (a, "#f", &scm_f);
833 a = add_environment (a, "*unspecified*", &scm_unspecified);
835 a = add_environment (a, "label", &scm_label);
836 a = add_environment (a, "lambda", &scm_lambda);
838 a = add_environment (a, "atom", &scm_atom);
839 a = add_environment (a, "car", &scm_car);
840 a = add_environment (a, "cdr", &scm_cdr);
841 a = add_environment (a, "cons", &scm_cons);
842 a = add_environment (a, "cond", &scm_cond);
843 a = add_environment (a, "eq", &scm_eq_p);
845 a = add_environment (a, "null", &scm_null_p);
846 a = add_environment (a, "pair", &scm_pair_p);
847 a = add_environment (a, "quote", &scm_quote);
848 a = add_environment (a, "'", &scm_quote);
851 a = add_environment (a, "quasiquote", &scm_quasiquote);
852 a = add_environment (a, "unquote", &scm_unquote);
853 a = add_environment (a, ",", &scm_unquote);
854 a = add_environment (a, "`", &scm_quasiquote);
855 a = add_environment (a, "eval-quasiquote", &scm_eval_quasiquote);
858 a = add_environment (a, "evlis", &scm_evlis);
859 a = add_environment (a, "evcon", &scm_evcon);
860 a = add_environment (a, "pairlis", &scm_pairlis);
861 a = add_environment (a, "assoc", &scm_assoc);
863 a = add_environment (a, "c:eval", &scm_eval_);
864 a = add_environment (a, "c:apply", &scm_apply_);
865 a = add_environment (a, "eval", &scm_eval);
866 a = add_environment (a, "apply", &scm_apply);
868 a = add_environment (a, "getchar", &scm_getchar);
869 a = add_environment (a, "peekchar", &scm_peekchar);
870 a = add_environment (a, "ungetchar", &scm_ungetchar);
871 a = add_environment (a, "lookup", &scm_lookup);
873 a = add_environment (a, "readenv", &scm_readenv);
874 a = add_environment (a, "display", &scm_display);
875 a = add_environment (a, "newline", &scm_newline);
877 a = add_environment (a, "builtin", &scm_builtin_p);
878 a = add_environment (a, "number", &scm_number_p);
879 a = add_environment (a, "call", &scm_call);
882 a = add_environment (a, "hello-world", &scm_hello_world);
883 a = add_environment (a, "<", &scm_less_p);
884 a = add_environment (a, "-", &scm_minus);
887 a = add_environment (a, "caar", &scm_caar);
888 a = add_environment (a, "cadr", &scm_cadr);
889 a = add_environment (a, "cdar", &scm_cdar);
890 a = add_environment (a, "cddr", &scm_cddr);
891 a = add_environment (a, "caadr", &scm_caadr);
892 a = add_environment (a, "caddr", &scm_caddr);
893 a = add_environment (a, "cdadr", &scm_cdadr);
894 a = add_environment (a, "cadar", &scm_cadar);
895 a = add_environment (a, "cddar", &scm_cddar);
896 a = add_environment (a, "cdddr", &scm_cdddr);
898 a = add_environment (a, "append", &scm_append);
901 a = add_environment (a, "*macro*", &scm_nil);
902 a = add_environment (a, "*dot*", &scm_dot);
903 a = add_environment (a, "current-module", &scm_symbol_current_module);
909 define_lambda (scm *x)
911 return cons (caadr (x), cons (&scm_lambda, cons (cdadr (x), cddr (x))));
915 define (scm *x, scm *a)
917 if (atom_p (cadr (x)) != &scm_f)
918 return cons (cadr (x), eval (caddr (x), a));
919 return define_lambda (x);
923 define_macro (scm *x, scm *a)
926 printf ("\nc:define_macro a=");
927 scm *aa =cons (&scm_macro,
928 cons (define_lambda (x),
929 cdr (assoc (&scm_macro, a))));
933 return cons (&scm_macro,
934 cons (define_lambda (x),
935 cdr (assoc (&scm_macro, a))));
939 loop (scm *r, scm *e, scm *a)
942 printf ("\nc:loop e=");
948 else if (eq_p (e, make_atom ("EOF")) == &scm_t)
949 return apply (cdr (assoc (make_atom ("loop2"), a)),
950 cons (&scm_unspecified, cons (&scm_t, cons (a, &scm_nil))), a);
951 else if (eq_p (e, make_atom ("EOF2")) == &scm_t)
953 else if (atom_p (e) == &scm_t)
954 return loop (eval (e, a), readenv (a), a);
955 else if (eq_p (car (e), make_atom ("define")) == &scm_t)
956 return loop (&scm_unspecified,
958 cons (define (e, a), a));
959 else if (eq_p (car (e), make_atom ("define-macro")) == &scm_t)
960 return loop (&scm_unspecified,
962 cons (define_macro (e, a), a));
963 return loop (eval (e, a), readenv (a), a);
967 main (int argc, char *argv[])
969 scm *a = initial_environment ();
970 display (loop (&scm_unspecified, readenv (a), a));
976 apply (scm* fn, scm *x, scm *a)
979 printf ("\nc:apply fn=");
985 if (fn == &scm_apply_)
987 return apply_ (fn, x, a);
990 bool evalling_p = false;
993 eval (scm *e, scm *a)
996 printf ("\nc:eval e=");
1001 scm *eval__ = assoc (make_atom ("eval"), a);
1002 assert (eval__ != &scm_f);
1003 eval__ = cdr (eval__);
1004 if (builtin_p (eval__) == &scm_t
1006 return eval_ (e, a);
1008 scm *r = apply (eval__, cons (e, cons (a, &scm_nil)), a);